A Unique Setting in the Changing World of Early 20th Century detective fiction The Pacific coast port city of San Francisco, California provides a distinctively mysterious backdrop in Dashiell Hammetts The Maltese Falcon. Unlike many other detective stories that are anchored in well-known metropolises such as Los Angeles or New York City, Hammett opted to place the events of his text in the lesser-known, yet similarly exotic cultural confines of San Francisco. Hammett used his own intricate knowledge of the San Francisco Bay Area – coupled with details collected during a stint as a detective for the now defunct Pinkerton Agency – to craft a distinctive brand of detective fiction that thrived on such an original setting (Paul 93).
By examining the setting of 1920s San Francisco in The Maltese Falcon, it becomes apparent that one of Hammetts literary strengths was his exceptional ability to intertwine non-fictional places with a fictional plot and characters in order to produce a logical and exceedingly believable detective mystery. Dashiell Hammett called the San Francisco area home from 1920 until 1936. For a portion of those fourteen years, he shared an apartment on Eddy Street with his first wife Josephine Dolan.
The Essay on San Francisco 1906 Earthquake 2
Over the many decades the economic standing of the United States, specifically California, had fluctuated due to many unforeseen factors. One huge factor that cannot be anticipated, and often causes drastic effects on the economy, are geologic disasters. The state of California is notorious for having earthquakes that shake up the state quite often and leave the affected area with a substantial ...
This apartment was located very near the San Francisco Public Library on Larkin Street where in 1921 Hammett first conceived the idea of his writing detective fiction. San Francisco historian and author Don Freeman explains: In the library he would read the magazines and the books and one day after reading several detective yarns he said, I can do that. The truth is, he could. And he did. He wrote for Black Mask, a pulp detective magazine, and then as his skills increased he began to write novels. It was in this library that Dashiell Hammett saw his future. (79) Hammett contributed stories to Black Mask for ten years until The Maltese Falcon gained public and literary acclaim.
Many of the stories that Hammett penned for Black Mask were set in San Francisco, as the city provided him with a unique atmosphere in which to observe and record different cultures, norms, and fads. In the 1920s, San Francisco was thought of as an exotic melting pot of culture that was rivaled only by its eastern cultural counterpart of New York City. Therefore, it is no surprise that Hammett used San Francisco as the setting of The Maltese Falcon to further illustrate the exotic and striking nature of the plot and characters within the text (Dumenil 211).
Since the dawn of modern American detective fiction, many mystery writers have chosen metropolitan cities with high incidences of murder and theft as the setting for their stories. When the public is informed about some heinous crime committed in these non-fictional urban settings, it makes the authors fictional setting and plot seem all the more realistic (Baker & Nietzel 15).
The plot of The Maltese Falcon would not be nearly as believable if it were set in Omaha, since people do not automatically associate crime with the Nebraska town. Incidentally, several 1920s and 1930s writers became linked to the cities in which their stories were set. For example, Raymond Chandler became synonymous with detective fiction that was based in or near Los Angeles, and Fredric Browns work was linked to Al Capones hometown of Chicago (Baker & Nietzel 36).
Likewise, Hammett used the city of San Francisco – and all of the vast scenery and culture that it provided as his own personal writing territory for The Maltese Falcon.
Up until the 1920s very few writers had based their text in San Francisco: Thus, Hammetts use of the Bay City as a setting added an original variation to the already changing face of twentieth century American detective stories. The Maltese Falcon begins in a sparsely furnished, three-room office on Sutter Street in the Kearney section of San Francisco. It is in this office that the reader is first introduced to private detective Sam Spade, a character loosely based on Hammetts own experiences as a private eye. Like many writers before him, Hammett integrated his own personal observations and experiences into his stories. Therefore, one may assume that Hammett was a student of his San Francisco surroundings at all times. Hammett initiates Spades first meeting with Brigid O Shaughnessy by offering a description of Spades office: A buff curtained window, eight or ten inches open, let in from the court a current of air faintly scented with ammonia. The ashes on the desk twitched and crawled in the current (4).
The Essay on The Story Of An Eyewitness: The San Francisco Earthquake
The earthquake shook down in San Francisco hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of walls and chimneys. But the conflagration that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of property. There is no estimating within hundreds of millions the actual damage wrought. Not in history has a modern imperial city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. Nothing remains of ...
This passage demonstrates Hammetts ability to reveal the setting to the reader without being overly presumptuous about it: furthermore, it creates a visual image of a windy city located on the water without ever mentioning a body of water or the wind.
The phrase, air faintly scented with ammonia informs the reader that the storys setting is near a body of water, as an ammonia smell indicates nearby salt water. Hammetts simple, but intricate description of the weather and smell of San Francisco denotes just how well Hammett knew this city. Chapter Two begins with Spades discovery that his partner, Miles Archer, has been murdered. Spade is notified about the death by telephone in the middle of the night. He quickly gets dressed and calls a taxicab to transport him to the crime scene. As Spade arrives, Hammett writes: Where Bush Street roofed Stockton before slipping downhill to Chinatown, Spade paid his fare and left the taxicab.
San Franciscos night-fog, thin, clammy, and penetrant blurred the street (12).
Here, Hammetts flawless description of a non-fictional setting, coupled with fictional circumstances, adds to the realism of the text. He pinpoints a definite location in San Francisco and attaches to it the eerie quality that a late night fog brings. Moreover, the foggy San Francisco night foreshadows the complex mystery that will surround Archers death and the location of the maltese falcon. Hammett makes it apparent that Spades job is to cut through the fog that surrounds the mystery and solve the case at all costs. The use of actual San Francisco street names, hotels, and restaurants in The Maltese Falcon plays an essential role in the development of the story (Freeman 78).
The Essay on Sam Spade – Character Analysis
The mystery and the crime in are obviously paramount in the development and success of a good crime fiction novel, but anther key concern must certainly be the protagonist. Especially in hard-boiled fiction, where the detective is your eyes to the unknown world in which the novel is placed. Dashiell Hammett has constructed Sam Spade in a way so the protagonist has become a feature of the book, ...
Numerous street names including Geary, Market, Sutter, and Bush appear frequently in the text as a frame of reference for the reader. If the reader wished to do so, he or she could actually map Spades routes around the city as he attempts to solve his case. By using realistic locations and places in the text, Hammett was able to present a cohesive picture of the setting that surrounded the plot (Paul 244).
If Hammett was ever unsure about how he wanted to describe some aspect of the setting, he merely had to walk outside and observe the environment around him. Hammett used his own real-life setting in San Francisco as a model for The Maltese Falcon and continued to do so afterwards in his other works of detective fiction Dashiell Hammetts use of setting was not contrived in The Maltese Falcon; it flowed into his work asserting itself when called upon to help mold an interesting atmosphere. It should be noted that while most critics are complementary of Hammetts detail to setting, many feel that his most obvious genius rests in his ability to craft meticulously realistic characters and plots. However, assuming that Hammett truly studied and observed San Francisco in his daily life, it would seem that these characters and plots in many ways were a direct product of the San Francisco setting and culture that existed in the 1920s.
Bibliography: Works Cited Baker, Robert and Nietzel, Michael T. Private Eyes: One Hundred and One Knights. Bowling Green: Bowling Green University Press, 1985. Dumenil, Lynn. Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995. Freeman, Don. Sam Spades San Francisco. Saturday Evening Post.
264(1992): 78-82. Hammett, Dashiell. The Maltese Falcon. New York: Vintage Books, 1992. Paul, Robert S. Whatever Happened to Sherlock Holmes: Detective Fiction, Popular Theology, and Society.
Southern Illinois University Press, 1991..
