The Monroe Doctrine The proclamation, known as the Monroe Doctrine, was issued by American President James Monroe, and on December 2, 1823 it was presented to American Congress during the Presidents annual address. By this doctrine America expressed its requirement to stop any European colonization and interference into the affairs of American countries. This doctrine started a new epoch in American diplomatic foreign policy and had considerable influence on future political development of the society of the whole world. This doctrine was an answer on several diplomatic issues involving American interests. In 1815-1820 the Spanish Empire in Latin America has been suffering collapse: such countries, like Argentina, Peru, Chile, and, later on, Mexico and Columbia, won their independence. Besides, they were seeking recognition of the United States.
But a number of leading European governments created so called Holy Alliance, leaded by Germany, Austria, Russia, and later supported by France, which tried to exert every effort to help Spain to restore its domination and control over the territories of South America. The government of Great Britain has been also cherishing the ideas of enhancing economic and commercial ties to the New World, but it did not express support of European coalition and recognized all the independent states. In August, 1923, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Britain, George Canning, offered the USA to send a joint petition to the countries of Holy Alliance and to protest against European intervention into Latin America. President of the USA James Monroe consulted with the members of his Cabinet, and also with former political leaders, like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who strictly supported the initiative of British authorities. But John Quincy Adams, the State Secretary, was suspicious about probable political obligations concerning Latin America, which Britain may ask from the USA in case of positive reaction. On November 7, 1823, at the meeting of the Cabinet Adams stated: “It would be more candid, as well as more dignified, to avow our principles explicitly to Russia and France, than to come in as a cockboat in the wake of the British man-of-war.” [3] The arguments of Adams proved to be more powerful; he won against the Cabinet and initiated independent policy of the United States regarding the situation in South America. The other incident, which opened the necessity of reaction and issuing of the doctrine by President Monroe, was direct misunderstanding with Russia about settlements of the North West lands of American Pacific coast (now Alaska).
The Essay on Spanish American War Americans America Fought Because We Had Big Mone
The Spanish and American War The Americans were brought into The Spanish and American War on February 15, 1898. The Americans came into this war because a naval boat of ours called the Maine was blown up. On that boat, 327 of our sailors were killed in the explosion. With this explosion, the navy used it by having a slogan," Remember the Maine," to get volunteers into the navy to help fight. We ...
As a response, in December of 1823 Monroe in his address to the Congress announced the following political concept named the Monroe Doctrine, which can be expressed by four main principles: all the Western Hemisphere territories of both American continents are closed for European intervention and colonization; any attempts to interfere or get involved into the affairs of any American state would be accepted as the threat to peace and safety; American countries have own social and political systems, independent from Europe; the USA will not participate in any affairs of European countries and will keep away from existing colonies in Western Hemisphere. Therefore, the Monroe Doctrine announced moral opposition of the United States to any colonialism and outer interference. It was welcomed only by Great Britain, and the other European countries recognized it as demonstration of nationalism and chauvinism. Nevertheless, the doctrine played a key role in bringing short-term peace and stopping the intentions of continental powers to expand again into the New World, supported and protected by strong and powerful British Royal Navy. Although the doctrine did not receive a status of legislative act and was not ratified by the Congress, it became too very serious upturn in American foreign policy of independence, that neither European governments, nor American coming authorities could ignore its importance. Till the end of XIX century the doctrine had a great influence on international course of the USA and has been periodically modified and extended by new Presidents. Thus, the principles of the Monroe Doctrine were used in 1836, when British government wanted to obtain control over some territories of Texas. In 1852 Americans helped Cubans to defend against Spanish army, attempting to occupy the island and ignoring the doctrine this way.
The Essay on Monroe Doctrine Editorial United State
Monroe Doctrine: For Good or for Bad? The interests of our own Latin America is clearly different from those of that of the United States - but ever since the Monroe Doctrine has been declared, it seemed as if relations between the US and the nations of Latin America stabilized on a friendly note. But we need not feel easy and let our guard down at all, for this issue has had major questionings in ...
In 1864-1867 French Emperor Napoleon III set Austrian Archduke to be an Emperor of Mexico. Because of the Civil War, the government of the USA could not offer military help, but as a reply to the violation of the doctrine, the USA did not recognize an Emperor and insisted on withdrawal of the armies of French occupants. The Presidents of the U.S., who came into the power after James Monroe, had different opinions on the doctrine and used to make attempts to change it. Thus, for example, James Polk considered the doctrine to be senseless, and in 1945 he offered to the Congress to eliminate it and to expand into the West. The other President, Ulysses Grant, valued the principles of the doctrine. In the 70s he made an amendment to it, stating that the USA will be against the transferring of controlled territories of Latin America between European states. Later, the doctrine was interpreted by many authorities, like Theodore Roosevelt or State Secretary of the U.S.
Richard Olney. In general, the Monroe Doctrine had positive concept and brought to successful development of foreign policy of the USA. But there were also some negative moments, which can be characterized with the following. At first, the doctrine favored to sole commercial and economical domination of Great Britain over the countries of the New World. That has obviously brought to slowdowns in the development of young independent states. Second, it made the USA to seem and to behave as the Elder Brother of those states.
The Essay on The Monroe Doctrine United State
One of James Monroe s most valuable asset to this country during his presidency would be the self titled Monroe Doctrine. This address set forth an American written policy on European intervention in the Western Hemisphere, and would soon become one of the foundations of United States policy in Latin America. President James Monroe made this declaration in his seventh annual address to the ...
Such situation was, of course, not for the good of political and social making of the communities in Latin America.
Bibliography:
Dykes, T.R. “The Monroe Doctrine Declared: 1923.” North Park University. 14 Oct. 1997. North Park University Online.
4 Apr. 2005 . “Monroe Doctrine.” The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2005, Columbia University Press. “Monroe Doctrine.” Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia.
23 Mar. 2005. Media Wiki. 4 Apr. 2005 ..
