1. Explain and evaluate the notions of Karma, samsara, and Nirvana. – Karma, samsara and nirvana fall under the religion of Hinduism. When all of our actions bring consequences, either in this life or the next is referred as karma. Samsara means the cycle of birth and death. Us humans are basically good, but are caught up in a cycle of pure desire and also of suffering that is a direct result of ignorance and of the go. Nirvana is another word to describe the permanent liberation from life. It is a liberation from the cycle of samsara, in which we cease to exist and become one with the universe.
2. Explain and evaluate the Hindu ideas of Brahman, atman and reality. – Hinduism is a term that refers to the collet of faith that originated in India. The main elements of Hinduism are polytheism, karma ad reincarnation. Along with those, Brahman is considered to be the ultimate reality or principle and source and also the sustain of all the things, while atman is the inner self.
3. Explain the Buddha’s four noble truths. Is he correct in his view? – Buddhism’s four noble truths are; there is no suffering, suffering has a specific and identifiable cause, suffering can be ended and the way to end suffering is through enlighten living as expressed in the Eightfold Path. The most immediate causes of human suffering, according to Buddha, ignorance closes the door to enlighten and selfish craving which enslaves an individual to desire and passion.
4. Explain and evaluate the “Eight Fold Path”. Is this a reasonable philosophy for life? – The Eight Fold Path was a way or practice recommended in Buddhism for proper living. It consisted in right view, right aim, right speech, right action, right living, right effort, right mindfulness and right contemplation. The first two have to do with the initial mental outlook of the individual. The next four is for an appropriate behavior and the last two deals to pertain to the higher mental and spiritual qualities involved in a total disattachment from self.
The Essay on Life cycle assessment of spring mattress
Hendrickson, et al (2006) posits that: “LCA requires careful energy and materials balances for all the stages of the life cycle”. The life cycle of a spring mattress is made up of many processes. The life cycle or “cradle to grave’ of a spring mattress can be said to consist of the following five stages: a) extraction of raw materials (cradle), b) production of materials, c) production of spring ...
5. Explain the connection or relationship between Tao, Yin, and Yang. – Based on the idea that behind all material things and all the change in the world lies one fundamental, universal principal called Tao Tao gives rise to all existence and govern everything’s; all changes and all life. Tao alga gives life to yin and yang. Yin which gives rise to the contractive forces and yang, which gives, rise to the expansive forces.
6. Explain and evaluate Lao Tzu’s notion of effortless non-striving. -Lao Tzu was the founder of Taoism, and held that the Tao is ineffable and beyond out ability to alter. He emphasized the importance of effortless nonstriving. He also believed that human life, like everything else in the universe, is constantly influenced by outside forces. That “simplicity” is said to be the key to truth and freedom. Tzu also encouraged his followers to observe and seek the laws of nature.
7. Explain and evaluate Confucius’s principle of Mean.
– Confucius stated, “Everything thrives according to its nature”. One way in which heaven works was through the principle of mean. The principle of mean provides a standard of measure for all things. Everything you do must not be in the extremes; you should strive for the middle way- the mean. Also if you get a balance and without excess our minds are calm and stable and we’re better off in such manner.
8. Explain and evaluate the views of Murasaki Shikibu and the role and status of women. – Murasaki Shikibu held that women were responsible moral agents who were capable of enlighten and could influence their destines, reach nirvana and achieve salvation. In Murasaki’s novels the women characters illustrated just how hopeless life was for Japanese women. The women existed only as predestined, natural objects.
The Essay on St Anselms God Necessarily Exists
... argument, is, it is greater to exist than not to exist. Next, St. Anselm describes two kinds of existence: existence in the mind, and existence in reality. Existence ... the greatest of all conceivable things, nothing else can be thought to exist greater than God. St. Anselm states that he wants to find ...
9. Explain and evaluate the argument of St. Anselm for God’s existence. – One of the two Christian greats was St. Anselm. St. Anselm argued that a perfect being is necessary for existence. His argument is even prior to nature. St. Anselm thought it was impossible for anyone to reason about God or God’s existence without already believing in him. St. Anselm started the Ontological Argument based upon the nature of being. The Ontological Argument states that God is “the greatest being conceivable”. Anselm also said that if we imagine two objects both identical, but one exists and the other does not, then the one that exist is more perfect. Perfection cannot be perfect.
10. Explain and evaluate Guanilo’s objection to the ontological argument. – Guanilo objected the believe of St. Anselm. Guanilo argues that existence does not make something more perfect, that is why he employs the reduction argument, meaning that he employs the same structure but changes one word, thereby making the conclusion absorb. It was absurd to conclude that God necessary exist simply because we can conceive of him.
11. Summarize and evaluate St. Thomas Aquinas’s Five Ways. – St. Thomas Aquina interpreted Aristotelian philosophy from a Christian perspective. Aquina also gave five proofs for God’s existence; motion, efficient cause, possibility and necessity, degrees of perfection and design. The first way was natural things are in motion. If something is in motion, then it must be set into motion by something outside of itself. There can not be an infinite chain of movers called movees. God exist and is the first unmoved mover. Meaning that things do not just bring themselves into existence. The second way dealt with events that cause other events.
If an event happens, then some prior even outside of itself must cause it. It can not be an infinite chain of cause and effect. God was the first cause and effect. The third way (cosmological argument) stated that contingent things exist. Each contingent thing has a time when it fails to exist since objects can not be eternal. If everything was contingent, then there would be a time in the past when nothing existed. There has to be some necessary being that has its own necessity and that is God. The fourth way proves that God was consider the fact that all nature things possess degrees of goodness, truth, nobility and all other perfections. And lastly the fifth way was predicated on the observation that natural things act for an end or purpose. An intelligent being exists by which things are directed toward their end and this intelligent being is God.
The Term Paper on The argument of whether God exists or not
... existence of God and the Argument from Design fails. Philo’s argument that these natural processes that exist ... question lies in whether all things are created by a supreme ... anselm. edu/homepage/dbanach/dnr. htm> “Mysterious. ” 2007. Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. Retrieved on April 11, 2007. <http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/mysterious> “Teological Argument. ...
12. Leibniz claims that this is the “best of all possible worlds”. – Leibniz was a continental rationalists of the 17th century. He believed that God, being all powerful, all knowing and all good, created the best of all worlds. With the principle of sufficient reason, stated there are a reason why things are exactly as they are and not some other way. The cause was that any event can be explained by referring to a prior cause, but the prior cause can be influenced by an earlier cause, similar to Aquina’s third way. The problem of evil states that man does both good and bad. The man commits evil in some instances and attempts to stop it in others.
13. Explain and evaluate Friedrich Nietzsche’s claim that “God is dead!” – When Friedrich Nietzsche claimed that God is dead he meant that all the people with an ounce of intelligence would perceive that there is no intelligent plan to the universe. Nietzsche claims that God is a fable, to have control over the weak.
14. Explain and evaluate the views the views of William James regarding religious belief. – William James thinks that the existence of God can not be proved or refuted by science. The point of view of James about religion gives human beings new positive power. That power motivated people to change their minds. Religion works to satisfy human minds. Experiences lead to believe some myths and those myths become religion. For example, when people believe in God, they change their mind and behaviors to spend better lives.
15. Explain how it is possible that your religious views are right and yet everyone else’s (expect those who believe as you) are wrong. – No one knows if God existed or not, everyone has their own religious views in which for them, that is the correct one. I personally do believe in God, but maybe another person is completely atheist, and it doesn’t mean that they are wrong or right.
