The Problems of air pollution Problem What causes pollution What can we do to prevent it, and get rid of it Is it fair to the children of the future to have to suffer the consequences that pollution causes Why not take care of the problem now Factory and business owners have the ability to prevent air pollution. Air pollution is the presence of harmful gases, liquids, or solids in the atmosphere. Air pollution, known as smoke pollution for many years, resulted from coal combustion (Hodges 526).
Smog has been a problem in coal-burning areas for several centuries. Smog finally decreased when coal combustion was replaced by oil and gas combustion. Air pollution is caused by a number of different types of pollutants.
The first type, particulate matter, consists of solid and liquid aerosols suspended in the atmosphere. These arise from the burning of coal and from industrial processes. Atmospheric particles can scatter and absorb sunlight, which reduces visibility. Particles also reduce visibility by attenuating the light from objects and illuminating the air causing the contrast between the objects and their backgrounds to reduce.
Not only does it effect visibility, but it hastens the erosion of building materials and the corrosion of metals, interferes with the human respiratory system, and brings toxic materials into the body. The small particles cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and lung cancer (Hodges 59).
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The second type is sulfur oxide, which come from the burning of coal and industrial processes. Damage to building materials, vegetation, and to the human respiratory system are caused by the acidic nature of oxides.
Small quantities of sulfur oxides can increase illness and mortality (Hodges 59).
The third type of pollutant is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas against which humans have no protection. Carbo monoxide comes from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles and secondarily from industrial processes (Hamer 45).
Hemoglobin, which is in the blood, combines with carbon monoxide and carries less oxygen to body tissues causing health and heart effects. Some health problems come from the exhaust fumes leaking into the interior of the automobile.
“Several hundred Americans die from CO poisoning each year. Sodium oxide levels below. 25 PPM have been associated with increased morbidity in New York as measured by hospital admissions. In all cases in which adverse health effects have been noted, the elderly patients have been affected severely” (Hodges 60).
The fourth type is hydrocarbons, which are chemical compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons also arise from gasoline-powered vehicles and from industrial processes. Hydrocarbons are an important part of the production of photochemical smog (Hodges 61).
The last type is nitrogen oxide that come from high-temperature combustion, such as that occurring in motor vehicle engines, electric power plants and other fuel usage. Nitrogen oxide contributes to acidity in precipitation and production of photochemical smog. Nitrogen oxide is also dangerous because it causes serious illness and possibly death even if the exposure to NO 2 is short.
“The gas was responsible for 124 deaths in a fire at Cleveland’s Crile Children Hospital on May 15, 1929, when x-ray film containing nitrocellulose accidentally caught fire and produced NO 2 (Hodges 63).
Solution As one can surely see these types of air pollutants are harmful to our atmosphere, environment and personal health. Factory owners can help prevent all of these effects. Researchers have found different ways to remove these pollutants from the air. One device designed to remove hydrocarbons from the atmosphere “is an improved low pollution invisible flare burner, which comprises a tall stack lined with ceramic. Primary air is introduced under pressure in a tube below and coaxial with the stack.
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The top of the tube contains a burner for the vented hydrocarbon gases” (Sittig 227).
Within this device different air mixtures provide means for complete combustion of the vented gases with low emission of smoke and light. Another method wherein gases contaminated with vapors from volatile organic liquids are recovered by containing the vapor- gas mixture in an absorbed tower with a sponge coil which absorbs the vapors (Sittig 348).
Both methods can successfully remove hydrocarbons.
A method has been discovered for removing nitrogen oxides from gases. An ionizing radiation allows the noxious gas pollutants to enable a collection of the particles or mist electrostatic precipitators (Sittig 409).
Another air pollutant, which can be reduced, is carbon monoxide. Factories simply have to change their coal or oil burning machinery to natural gas combustion machinery. Also, afterburners can cause the combustion of CO. This combustion can be used as a source of heat as in blast furnaces (Sittig 415).
Action In my opinion, the government should take action by passing a restriction on equipment within factories and businesses. The restriction should consist of requiring four different conditions or devices: a flare burner, an ionizing radiation, crosscurrents contacting of the waste gas stream with an acceptor, and change all non-natural gas combustion machinery to natural gas. There are important advantages to passing extra restrictions on factories and businesses that are involved within this action. Not only will the factories realize how much pollution they have caused without these conditions, but also it would prevent hurting the health of others hopefully. Each of these devices, in my opinion, are exactly what we need in order to stop air pollution. Save the children of tomorrow and the environment of today by doing something to prevent air pollution.
Justification Each method mentioned above can be used in factories all over the world. The question is does it cost a lot of money Yes, it does. In order to apply all of the above methods it can cost the factory and businesses millions. The estimated costs are $800, 000, 000 alone from public sectors. For private sectors it can cost up to $17, 000, 000, 000.
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Reducing pollution might cut salaries for many workers due to the cost of expenses, which would rise (Hodges 582).
The estimations of the cost of devices to reduce pollution are accurate, but what about the money it takes to repair the damages caused by air pollution The annual total for air pollution is $16 billion in the U. S. The amount spent dealing with air pollution leaves less money for our government to give to researchers to find cures for diseases, military expenses, or for government debt. It is like throwing away money just because factory and business owners do not want to take the time and money and invest in new methods and devices to prevent air pollution. $240 million goes to cleaning equipment dirtied by air pollution each year.
For livestock and agricultural crops 500 million is used for damages. Millions are used in a year for medical costs, and maintenance of cleanliness in production of foods and beverages. $18. 6 billion worth of damages are done due to motor vehicle pollution (Hodges 568).
It might seem to cost a lot of money to prevent air pollution, but as one can see it may cost far more to repair the damages from air pollution.
