———————————————————————- Microsoft Windows 95 README for MS-DOS Device Drivers August 1995
———————————————————————- (c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1995 This document provides complementary or late-breaking information to supplement the Microsoft Windows 95 documentation. To view Msdosdrv.txt on screen in Notepad, maximize the Notepad window. To print Msdosdrv.txt, open it in Notepad or another word processor, then use the Print command on the File menu. In syntax lines, except where noted, lowercase text signifies replaceable parameters and uppercase text must be typed as it appears. NOTE: The Config.txt file contains more Help for MS-DOS commands. Also you can type the name of the command at the command prompt, followed by a slash and question mark (/?).
For example: Note: In this section, uppercase letters in syntax and ANSI escape sequences indicate text you must type exactly as it appears. Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys. The ANSI.SYS device driver supports ANSI terminal emulation of escape sequences to control your system’s screen and keyboard. An ANSI escape sequence is a sequence of ASCII characters, the first two of which are the escape character (1Bh) and the left-bracket character (5Bh).
The Essay on Strategies Used by Microsoft
Case Summary Microsoft is the world’s largest supplier of computer software. It has dominant market share of PC operating systems with its Windows system. High barriers to entry prevent significant competition in the operating systems market. The primary barrier is that a large number of software programs must be able to interface with any operating system to make it attractive to end users. It ...
The character or characters following the escape and left-bracket characters specify an alphanumeric code that controls a keyboard or display function. ANSI escape sequences distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters; for example,”A” and “a” have completely different meanings. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in DEVICE=[drive:][path]ANSI.SYS [/X] [/K] [/R] Specifies the location of the ANSI.SYS file. Remaps extended keys independently on 101-key keyboards. Causes ANSI.SYS to treat a 101-key keyboard like an 84-key keyboard. This is equivalent to the command SWITCHES=/K. If you usually use the SWITCHES=/K command, you will need to use the /K switch with ANSI.SYS. Adjusts line scrolling to improve readability when ANSI.SYS is used with screen-reading programs (which make computers more accessible to people with disabilities).
Parameters used in ANSI escape sequences: Numeric parameter. Specifies a decimal number. Selective parameter. Specifies a decimal number that you use to select a function. You can specify more than one function by separating the Line parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the lines on your display or on another device. Column parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the columns on your screen or on another device. ANSI escape sequences for cursor movement, graphics, and keyboard settings: In the following list of ANSI escape sequences, the abbreviation ESC represents the ASCII escape character 27 (1Bh), which appears at the Cursor Position: Moves the cursor to the specified position (coordinates).
If you do not specify a position, the cursor moves to the home position–the upper-left corner of the screen (line 0, column 0).
This escape sequence works the same way as the following Cursor Cursor Position: Works the same way as the preceding Cursor Position Cursor Up: Moves the cursor up by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is already on the top line, ANSI.SYS Cursor Down: Moves the cursor down by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is already on the bottom line, Cursor Forward: Moves the cursor forward by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If the cursor is already in the rightmost column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. Cursor Backward: Moves the cursor back by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If the cursor is already in the leftmost column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. Save Cursor Position: Saves the current cursor position. You can move the cursor to the saved cursor position by using the Restore Cursor Restore Cursor Position: Returns the cursor to the position stored by the Save Cursor Position sequence. Erase Display: Clears the screen and moves the cursor to the home Erase Line: Clears all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line (including the character at the cursor position).
The Essay on Importance Of green Color
Green: It is the sign of Praise, eternal life, vigor, prosperity, mercy, restoration, health, healing, new beginning, freshness, God’s holy seed, harvest, sowing and reaping, immortality, fresh oil, new life,joy in hope. Green is the color of nature, fertility, life. Grass green is the most restful color. Green symbolizes self-respect and well being. Green is the color of balance. It also ...
Set Graphics Mode: Calls the graphics functions specified by the following values. These specified functions remain active until the next occurrence of this escape sequence. Graphics mode changes the colors and attributes of text (such as bold and underline) displayed on the 4 Underscore (on monochrome display adapter only) Parameters 30 through 47 meet the ISO 6429 standard. Set Mode: Changes the screen width or type to the mode specified 0 40 x 148 x 25 monochrome (text) 1 40 x 148 x 25 color (text) 2 80 x 148 x 25 monochrome (text) 3 80 x 148 x 25 color (text) 4 320 x 148 x 200 4-color (graphics) 5 320 x 148 x 200 monochrome (graphics) 6 640 x 148 x 200 monochrome (graphics) 13 320 x 148 x 200 color (graphics) 14 640 x 148 x 200 color (16-color graphics) 15 640 x 148 x 350 monochrome (2-color graphics) 16 640 x 148 x 350 color (16-color graphics) 17 640 x 148 x 480 monochrome (2-color graphics) 18 640 x 148 x 480 color (16-color graphics) 19 320 x 148 x 200 color (256-color graphics) Reset Mode: Resets the mode by using the same values that Set Mode uses, except for 7, which disables line wrapping.
The Essay on Harmony in Color
“Colors seen together to produce a pleasing affective response are said to be in harmony” (Burchett 28). Burchett spearheaded an analysis of color theory in order to clarify and define the mystery of color and what draws man to colorful paintings, like a butterfly to a multicolored flower. The systems of color that need to be rediscovered are found through several color systems, ...
The last character in this escape sequence is a lowercase L. Set Keyboard Strings: Redefines a keyboard key to a specified string. The parameters for this escape sequence are defined as follows: o Code is one or more of the values listed in the following table. These values represent keyboard keys and key combinations. When using these values in a command, you must type the semicolons (;) shown in this table in addition to the semicolons required by the escape sequence. The codes in parentheses are not available on some keyboards. ANSI.SYS will not interpret the codes in parentheses for those keyboards unless you specify the /X switch in the DEVICE o String is either the ASCII code for a single character or a string contained in quotation marks (“).
For example, both 65 and “A” can be used to represent an uppercase A. IMPORTANT: Some of the values in the following table are not valid for all computers. Check your computer’s documentation for values that Key Code SHIFT+code CTRL+code ALT+code ————————————————————————— F1 0;59 0;84 0;94 0;104 F2 0;60 0;85 0;95 0;105 F3 0;61 0;86 0;96 0;106 F4 0;62 0;87 0;97 0;107 F5 0;63 0;88 0;98 0;108 F6 0;64 0;89 0;99 0;109 F7 0;65 0;90 0;100 0;110 F8 0;66 0;91 0;101 0;111 F9 0;67 0;92 0;102 0;112 F10 0;68 0;93 0;103 0;113 F11 0;133 0;135 0;137 0;139 F12 0;134 0;136 0;138 0;140 HOME (num keypad) 0;71 55 0;119 — UP ARROW (num keypad) 0;72 56 (0;141) — PAGE UP (num keypad) 0;73 57 0;132 — LEFT ARROW (num keypad) 0;75 52 0;115 — RIGHT ARROW (num 0;77 54 0;116 — END (num keypad) 0;79 49 0;117 — DOWN ARROW (num keypad) 0;80 50 (0;145) — PAGE DOWN (num keypad) 0;81 51 0;118 — INSERT (num keypad) 0;82 48 (0;146) — DELETE (num keypad) 0;83 46 (0;147) — HOME (224;71) (224;71) (224;119) (224;151) UP ARROW (224;72) (224;72) (224;141) (224;152) PAGE UP (224;73) (224;73) (224;132) (224;153) LEFT ARROW (224;75) (224;75) (224;115) (224;155) RIGHT ARROW (224;77) (224;77) (224;116) (224;157) END (224;79) (224;79) (224;117) (224;159) DOWN ARROW (224;80) (224;80) (224;145) (224;154) PAGE DOWN (224;81) (224;81) (224;118) (224;161) INSERT (224;82) (224;82) (224;146) (224;162) DELETE (224;83) (224;83) (224;147) (224;163) PRINT SCREEN — — 0;114 — PAUSE/BREAK — — 0;0 — BACKSPACE 8 8 127 (0) ENTER 13 — 10 (0 TAB 9 0;15 (0;148) (0;165) NULL 0;3 — — — A 97 65 1 0;30 B 98 66 2 0;48 C 99 66 3 0;46 D 100 68 4 0;32 E 101 69 5 0;18 F 102 70 6 0;33 G 103 71 7 0;34 H 104 72 8 0;35 I 105 73 9 0;23 J 106 74 10 0;36 K 107 75 11 0;37 L 108 76 12 0;38 M 109 77 13 0;50 N 110 78 14 0;49 O 111 79 15 0;24 P 112 80 16 0;25 Q 113 81 17 0;16 R 114 82 18 0;19 S 115 83 19 0;31 T 116 84 20 0;20 U 117 85 21 0;22 V 118 86 22 0;47 W 119 87 23 0;17 X 120 88 24 0;45 Y 121 89 25 0;21 Z 122 90 26 0;44 1 49 33 — 0;120 2 50 64 0 0;121 3 51 35 — 0;122 4 52 36 — 0;123 5 53 37 — 0;124 6 54 94 30 0;125 7 55 38 — 0;126 8 56 42 — 0;126 9 57 40 — 0;127 0 48 41 — 0;129 – 45 95 31 0;130 = 61 43 — 0;131 [ 91 123 27 0;26 ] 93 125 29 0;27 92 124 28 0;43 ; 59 58 — 0;39 ‘ 39 34 — 0;40 , 44 60 — 0;51 . 46 62 — 0;52 / 47 63 — 0;53 ` 96 126 — (0;41) ENTER (keypad) 13 — 10 (0;166) / (keypad) 47 47 (0;142) (0;74) * (keypad) 42 (0;144) (0;78) — – (keypad) 45 45 (0;149) (0;164) + (keypad) 43 43 (0;150) (0;55) 5 (keypad) (0;76) 53 (0;143) — Loads the Dblbuff.sys device driver to perform double buffering. Double buffering provides compatibility for certain hard-disk controllers that cannot work with memory provided by EMM386 or Windows running in 386 If Windows Setup determined that your system may need double-buffering, it will add a DoubleBuffer=1 entry to the [Options] section of Msdos.sys, which will automatically load Dblbuff.sys. To manually enable double- buffering, you can either add the above entry to Msdos.sys, or add a DEVICE command in your CONFIG.SYS file. DEVICE=[drive:][path]DBLBUFF.SYS [/D+] Specifies the location of the Dblbuff.sys file. Instructs Dblbuff.sys to double-buffer all disk I/O all the time. By default, it will only double-buffer I/O to UMBs, and it will automatically stop double-buffering if it appears to be unnecessary. Enables you to display international character sets on EGA, VGA, and LCD monitors. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH DEVICE=[drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,n]]) DEVICE=[drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,(n,m)]]) Specifies the location of the DISPLAY.SYS file. Specifies the display adapter in use. Valid values include EGA and LCD. The EGA value supports both EGA and VGA display adapters. If you omit the type parameter, DISPLAY.SYS checks the hardware to determine which display adapter is in use. You can also specify CGA and MONO as values for type, but they have no effect because character-set switching is not Specifies the number of the character set that your hardware supports. The following list shows the character sets that MS-DOS supports and the 850 Multilingual (Latin I) Additional character sets are supported by the EGA2.CPI and EGA3.CPI Specifies the number of character sets the hardware can support in addition to the primary character set specified for the hwcp parameter. Valid values for n are in the range 0 through 6. This value depends on your hardware. For EGA display adapters, the maximum value for n is 6; for LCD display adapters, the maximum value for n is 1. Specifies the number of subfonts the hardware supports for each code page. The default value is 2 if type is EGA, and 1 if type is LCD. Determines the final memory location of DRVSPACE.BIN or DBLSPACE.BIN, the part of MS-DOS that provides access to your compressed drives. DxxSPACE.SYS loads the real-mode driver into upper memory blocks. This can save 60K of conventional memory when you run Windows 95 in real mode, and can save 100K or more if you use Microsoft Plus! for Windows. When you start your computer, Windows loads DRVSPACE.BIN or DBLSPACE.BIN along with other operating-system functions, before carrying out the commands in your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. DxxSPACE.BIN initially loads in conventional memory because it loads before device drivers that When you use DriveSpace or DoubleSpace to create a compressed drive on your computer, the program adds a command for DxxSPACE.SYS to your CONFIG.SYS In the following syntax, for DxxSPACE type the filename for the program DEVICE=[drive:][path]DxxSPACE.SYS /MOVE [/NOHMA] [/LOW] DEVICEHIGH=[drive:][path]DxxSPACE.SYS /MOVE [/NOHMA] [/LOW] Moves DxxSPACE.BIN to its final location in memory. Initially, DxxSPACE.BIN loads at the top of conventional memory. After Windows finishes carrying out the commands in the CONFIG.SYS file, it moves DxxSPACE.BIN to the bottom of conventional memory. When DxxSPACE.SYS is loaded by using the DEVICE command, it moves DxxSPACE.BIN from the top of conventional memory to the bottom. This can be useful for avoiding conflicts with programs that are loaded from the CONFIG.SYS file and require access to the top of conventional memory. When DxxSPACE.SYS is loaded by using the DEVICEHIGH command, DxxSPACE.BIN moves to upper memory, if available. Moving DxxSPACE.BIN to upper memory makes more conventional memory available. Prevents DxxSPACE.SYS from moving a portion of DxxSPACE.BIN to the high If MS-DOS is loaded into the HMA, DxxSPACE.SYS moves a portion of DxxSPACE.BIN to the HMA (if there is enough room in the HMA).
The Essay on History and Memory 2
The interrelationship of history and memory show that each is individually limited- memory presents limited perspective while history presents limited account- this conflicting nature ensures that without considering both we have a less reliable history. This concept is portrayed in the prescribed text “The fiftieth gate” by Mark Baker that involves an individual’s journey into the past to ...
The Term Paper on Malleable Memory
The study of memory dates back as far as the time of Ancient Greece, however, the birth of the study of memory is often credited to Ebbinghaus, who concentrated his research on memory store and capacity. The study of memory has had a long history, and still there are many myths associated with memory processes and the overall potential of memory. This paper will address one of the misconceptions ...
The Essay on How Can Memory Be Improved by Using of Mental Images
According to Cognitive Psychologists there are important points about our memories and some benefits in improving it, we need to look first at what part of the brain is involved and it’s brief functions. Our brain constantly recalls and forms new memories, and the part of the brain that deals with memories is the hippocampus, which is located near the centre of the brain. There are three different ...
Use this switch if you do not want DxxSPACE.BIN to use the HMA. Prevents DxxSPACE.SYS from loading at the top of conventional memory. Use this switch if you have an MS-DOS-based program that does not support DriveSpace or DoubleSpace at the top of conventional memory. Note that use of this switch will prevent Windows from reusing the memory Specifies the location of the DxxSPACE.SYS file. Saves and restores the display when the MS-DOS Shell Task Swapper is used with EGA monitors. If you have an EGA monitor, you must install the EGA.SYS device driver before using Task Swapper. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your CONFIG.SYS file. Specifies the location of the EGA.SYS file. Provides access to the upper memory area and uses extended memory to simulate expanded memory. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE command in your CONFIG.SYS file and can be used only on computers with an EMM386 uses extended memory to simulate expanded memory for programs that can use expanded memory. EMM386 also makes it possible to load programs and device drivers into upper memory blocks (UMBs).
DEVICE=[drive:][path]EMM386.EXE [ON|OFF|AUTO] [memory] [MIN=size] [W=ON|W=OFF] [Mx|FRAME=address|/Pmmmm] [Pn=address] [X=mmmm-nnnn] [I=mmmm-nnnn] [B=address] [L=minXMS] [A=altregs] [H=handles] [D=nnn] [RAM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOEMS] [NOVCPI] [HIGHSCAN] [VERBOSE] [WIN=mmmm-nnnn] [NOHI] [ROM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOMOVEXBDA] [ALTBOOT] [NOBACKFILL] Specifies the location of the EMM386.EXE file. Activates the EMM386 device driver (if set to ON), or suspends the EMM386 device driver (if set to OFF), or places the EMM386 device driver in auto mode (if set to AUTO).
Auto mode enables expanded-memory support and upper memory block support only when a program calls for it. The default value is ON. Use the EMM386 command to change this value after Specifies the maximum amount of extended memory (in kilobytes) that you want EMM386 to provide as expanded/Virtual Control Program Interface (EMS/VCPI) memory. This amount is in addition to the memory used for UMBs and EMM386 itself. Values for memory are in the range 64 through the lesser of either 32768 or the amount of extended memory available when EMM386 is loaded. The default value is the amount of free extended memory. If you specify the NOEMS switch, the default value is 0. EMM386 rounds the value down to the nearest multiple of 16. Specifies the minimum amount of EMS/VCPI memory (in kilobytes) that EMM386 will provide, if that amount of memory is available. EMM386 reserves this amount of extended memory for use as EMS/VCPI memory when EMM386 is loaded by the DEVICE=EMM386.EXE command in your CONFIG.SYS file. EMM386 may be able to provide additional EMS/VCPI memory (up to the amount specified by the MEMORY parameter) if sufficient XMS memory is available when a program requests EMS/VCPI memory. Values are in the range 0 through the value specified by the MEMORY parameter. The default value is 256. If you specify the NOEMS switch, the default value is 0. If the value of MIN is greater than the value of MEMORY, EMM386 uses the Enables or disables support for the Weitek co-processor. The default Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid values for x are in the range 1 through 14. The following list shows each value and its associated base address in hexadecimal format: 1 =* C000h 8 =* DC00h 2 =* C400h 9 =* E000h 3 =* C800h 10 =* 8000h 4 =* CC00h 11 =* 8400h 5 =* D000h 12 =* 8800h 6 =* D400h 13 =* 8C00h 7 =* D800h 14 =* 9000h Values in the range 10 through 14 should be used only on computers that Specifies the page-frame segment base directly. To specify a specific segment-base address for the page frame, use the FRAME switch, and specify the address you want. Valid values for address are in the ranges 8000h through 9000h and C000h through E000h, in increments of 400h. To provide expanded memory and disable the page frame, you can specify FRAME=NONE; however, this may cause some programs that require expanded Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid values for mmmm are in the ranges 8000h through 9000h and C000h through E000h, in increments of Specifies the segment address of a specific page, where n is the number of the page you are specifying and address is the segment address you want. Valid values for n are in the range 0 through 255. Valid values for address are in the ranges 8000h through 9C00h and C000h through EC00h, in increments of 400h. The addresses for pages 0 through 3 must be contiguous in order to maintain compatibility with version 3.2 of the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification (LIM EMS).
If you use the Mx switch, the FRAME switch, or the /Pmmmm switch, you cannot specify the addresses for pages 0 through 3 for the /Pmmmm switch. Prevents EMM386 from using a particular range of segment addresses for an EMS page or for UMBs. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4-kilobyte boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the I switch if the two Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used (included) for an EMS page or for UMBs. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4-kilobyte boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the I switch if the two ranges Specifies the lowest segment address available for EMS “banking” (swapping of 16KB pages).
Valid values are in the range 1000h through 4000h. The default value is 4000h. Ensures that the specified amount (in kilobytes) of extended memory will still be available after EMM386 is loaded. The default value is 0. Specifies how many fast alternate register sets (used for multitasking) you want to allocate to EMM386. Valid values are in the range 0 through 254. The default value is 7. Every alternate register set adds about 200 bytes to the size in memory of EMM386. Specifies how many handles EMM386 can use. Valid values are in the range 2 through 255. The default value is 64. Specifies how many kilobytes of memory should be reserved for buffered direct memory access (DMA).
Discounting floppy disk DMA, this value should reflect the largest DMA transfer that will occur while EMM386 is active. Valid values for nnn are in the range 16 through 256. The Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used for UMBs and also enables EMS support. If you do not specify a range, EMM386 uses all available adapter space to create UMBs and a page frame for EMS. Provides access to the upper memory area but prevents access to expanded Disables support for VCPI programs. This switch must be used with the NOEMS switch. If you specify the NOVCPI switch without specifying the NOEMS switch, EMM386 does not disable VCPI support. If you specify both switches, EMM386 disregards the MEMORY parameter and the MIN switch. Disabling support for VCPI programs reduces the amount of Specifies that EMM386 use an additional check to determine the availablity of upper memory for use as UMBs or EMS windows. On some computers, specifying this switch may have no effect or cause EMM386 to identify upper memory areas as available when they are not. As a result, your computer might stop responding. Directs EMM386 to display status and error messages while loading. By default, EMM386 displays messages only if it encounters an error condition. You can abbreviate VERBOSE as V. (To display status messages without adding the VERBOSE switch, press and hold down the ALT key Reserves a specified range of segment addresses for Windows instead of for EMM386. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4-kilobyte boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the WIN switch if the two ranges overlap. The WIN switch takes precedence over the RAM, ROM, and I switches if their ranges overlap. Prevents EMM386 from loading into the upper memory area. Normally, a portion of EMM386 is loaded into upper memory. Specifying this switch decreases available conventional memory and increases the upper memory Specifies a range of segment addresses that EMM386 uses for shadow RAM–random-access memory used for read-only memory (ROM).
Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4-kilobyte boundary. Specifying this switch may speed up your system if it does not already hav
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SETVER.EXE ========== Loads the MS-DOS version table into memory. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your CONFIG.SYS file. SETVER.EXE loads into memory the MS-DOS version table, which lists names of programs and the number of the MS-DOS version with which each program is designed to run. Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]SETVER.EXE Parameters [drive:][path] Specifies the location of the SETVER.EXE file.
