“Without the brave efforts of all the soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines and their families, this Nation, along with our allies around the world, would not stand so boldly, shine so bright and live so freely” – Lane Evans
In 1932, the United States government did something extremely wrong- deeply, morally, and profoundly wrong. It was indeed an outrage to our respect for equality and integrity for all our citizens. The Public Health Service began a study to examine the effects of syphilis and hopefully one day, curing it. This study was called the “Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male”. The Public Health Service planned to get 600 black men to perform their studies- 399 with syphilis and 201 who didn’t have the disease.
Men willingly signed themselves up for this free exam; although they were given little to no information on what it was structured upon. After this sign up, men were actually not even given proper treatment for their disease; even when penicillin was a helpful choice. There was never any recorded information onto why this was the case and there was also no information found on the men getting told about their conditions. These black men were being used as test props. The torchers these men had encountered on were surely demonic.
Men who carried this disease weren’t actually helped. In fact, they were just being examined; day by day, night by night, and hour by hour. Scientist took notes on the acts syphilis would take part in. They watched as this fatal disease corrupted men’s bodies and took their life away. Instead of curing with the safe penicillin, scientist initiated with mercury and bismuth. Treatment required months of side effects that were toxic or even fatal. Less than 30 percent of the 600 men who came up were cured.
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Major papers began to be published, indicating the criticism on the unknown knowledge to if men were being treated. Local physicians decided to go along with the studies and not treat the men; following them until death. Later on, penicillin was accepted to treat the men for syphilis. The USPHS established “Rapid Treatment Centers” in order to get men treated. Unfortunately, men under examination were not treated; yet the number of men with syphilis declines.
The way the Tuskegee study was done, was very different from our modern studies done today. Physicians during this era had a bothersome way of looking for cures. Already infected males would be examined every day. Doctors kept written data on the effects the disease would bring. In reality, the doctors had no intensions in curing “Bad Blood”. The data of the experiment was collected from the autopsies of the men, who deliberately were left to degenerate under the ravages of syphilis, which can also cause tumors, heart disease, paralysis, blindness, insanity and death. One of the doctors himself who was involved in the study stated, “As I see it, we have no further interest in these men until they die.” Recent studies today are done on test rats; a fast reproducing animal that have many of the same inner body characteristics a human has. These tests are safer and more guaranteed on finding cures, rather on torturing our own kind to find nothing.
The true nature of the experiment had to be kept from the subjects to ensure their cooperation. Pleased at the prospect of free medical care, almost none of the men infected with syphilis had ever seen a doctor before. They were desperate for just about anything while others, could give less than a single care. These men didn’t know what to look for in what was wrong or right. They had no knowledge focused on anything in the medical field therefore; majority stood alongside and went the endless torture and pain.
It took almost forty years before someone involved in the study took a hard and honest look at the end results and finally reported that nothing learned will prevent, find, or cure a single case of infectious syphilis or bring them closer to the basic mission of controlling venereal disease in the U.S. By the end of the experiment, 28 of the men had died directly of syphilis, 100 were dead of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children had been born with congenital syphilis. Who could imagine the government, all the way up to the Surgeon General of the United States, deliberately allowing a group of citizens to die from a terrible disease for the sake of an ill-conceived experiment? In the light of this and many other shameful acts in our history, African Americans distrust of the government and white society in general should not be a surprise to anyone.
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Case Study of Ontario Government Employment Nowadays many governments and trade unions in different countries draw attention to the problems of sexual minorities. Among them are Ontario government and the Ontario Public service Employees Union (OPSEU). Since 1969 many changes have been taken in the state of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) equality rights across Canada. Many provinces ...
After over 4 decades of this study, it finally came to an end in 1972. A huge lawsuit was filed on behalf of the study and the government promised to give a lifetime medical benefit to all who survived. On 1974, The Tuskegee Health Benefit Program (THBP) was brought to attention to provide these services; also helping wives, and children. The last survivor used during the studies died on January 16th, 2004. The last widow receiving benefits from TBHP died on January 27th, 2009. It wasn’t until 1997 that the government actually stood forward to apologize on their behalf. Nobody wanted to take the blame of the damage caused for nothing. President Clinton delivered the apology, admitting that what the government had done was deeply and profoundly wrong. “To the survivors, to the wives and family members, the children and the grandchildren, I say what you know: No power on Earth can give you back the lives lost, the pain suffered, the years of internal torment and the anguish. “What was done cannot be undone. But we can end the silence. We cans top turning our heads away. We can look at you in the eye and finally say, on behalf of the American people: what the United States government did was shameful. “And I am sorry.”
This apology meant a lot to the men of syphilis involved in the study. Nobody ever wanted to admit to the terrible faults and actions done. For President Bill Clinton to take such an act, was tear jerking for many families involved with the studies. It let to show them that somebody actually did care about them. Somebody did take into consideration that these men are humans regardless of their color. And somebody actually felt that the study was beyond cruel. President Barack H. Obama also came forward and apologized on a recent study similar to the Tuskegee Study in Guatemala. In neither case were the patients fully explained to what the studies were about. In Guatemala and in Alabama, the idea of racial difference played a significant role in determining the shape of the studies. Scientists debated whether there were racial differences in sexually transmitted diseases.
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During the 1930s, the United States of America fell into a depression, which affected the whole world. The United States of America being one of the most dominate countries in the world, left many other nations to rely on them for economic and social growth. Once the United States fell into this depression, others did too, leaving them to deal with a catastrophe on their own. It was a huge social ...
The prejudice that saw some populations as more sexual that other piggy backed on the ideas. The theory that syphilis may have originated in Central America made some scientists wonder if some populations had acquired immunity. Ideas such as these made populations that were already under-privileged new targets for invasive research. Do studies like this go on today anywhere else? In theory, the answer is no since there are now rules in place that scientist must explain their work to subjects and because certain procedures just aren’t allowed any longer. The Guatemala research came to light only when a researcher came across evidence of papers of the lead scientist. The Tuskegee Study was never a secret. Throughout the years of the study, science journals openly published its results. While it’s too late for the Guatemalan prisoners of the 1940s and the men of Tuskegee, it has nonetheless often been work of historians that have either uncovered or kept the public eye from information to otherwise go unnoticed and remarked. Better late than never.
