Born the son of a lawyer in 1478, More was schooled at St. Anthony’s and then worked as a servant for Cardinal Morton, archbishop of Canterbury. Morton subsequently sent More to study at Canterbury College. After a short stay at the school, More returned to London, becoming a member of Lincoln’s Inn. This was the beginning of More’s great legal career. In 1504, More began his service in Parliament, which sat at Westminster. From the beginning, More’s talents were recognized by the leaders of the country: King Henry VII and his minister, Edmund Dudley. In 1509, More was admitted membership into the privileged Mercers’ Company. More was returned to a new parliament in 1510 and was elevated to the position of burgess of the city. In September of the same year, More took the position of under-sheriff, continuing to follow in the legal footsteps of his famed father. This position entailed appearing in the royal lawcourts for the city when it was engaged in litigation and sitting as judge in the Sheriffs’ Court.
While these various positions add to More’s genius, it was his work for the Mercers that brought him his greatest fame. The Mercers were comprised mainly from two groups of the cloth industry: the Merchant Adventurers, shippers of cloth to the Netherlands, and the Staplers. Conflict between those two groups first developed in 1493, when a fallout between Henry VII and the house of Burgundy caused the Englishmen who sold cloths in the Netherlands to relocate to the safety of Calais. Friction between the two companies endured until it came to a peak in 1512. That year, each company was summoned to speak its case before the king’s council in the Star Chamber. The council allowed eight representatives from both the Merchant Adventurers and the Staplers to speak. The list of speakers for the Merchant Adventurers included the governor of their fellowship, two other Mercers, a haberdasher, a skinner, a draper, a grocer, and a taylor. The list of speakers for the Staplers included seven wool merchants and Thomas More. It was clear throughout the meetings that More was the most articulate and persuasive member of either group of representatives. More’s goal was to resolve the differences of the two companies. The efforts of more were met with success, as the two groups conciliated and conflicts between the two would be non-existent for several years.
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More’s negotiating skills were needed again by England in 1510. This time, international trade was the focus of events. A conflict with the Netherlands ensued in the city of Antwerp. The collections of customs and the lack of warehousing space in the city were the source of the problems. A Pensionary was called in to arbitrate the meeting between the English officials and those from the Netherlands. The meetings took place at Mercers’ Hall in London. Because the Pensionary was unable to speak English, the negotiations were in Latin. Records of the minutes from this meeting show that, once again, More dominated the negotiations. More served in many capacities throughout the meeting, acting as both a negotiator and as an interpreter. The results of the meeting stood heavily in England’s favor. The Pensionary assured that the clothing fleets from England would sail freely from the Thames River to Antwerp for the next mart.
For the next five years, More continued his work as a lawyer and a city officer. England, however, once again needed his skills in the spring of 1515. The relations between the Netherlands and the English were once again coming to a boil. More was persuaded and pushed by English merchants to participate in the conference at Bruges. Just as he had done in the meetings at Mercers’ Hall, More dominated the conference. More possessed the most rarest combination of talents. His fluency in Latin, his skills as a lawyer, and his intense knowledge of the cloth and wool trade industries enabled great success at the conference for England. During this conference, More was subject to long periods of leisure. It was in these times when More wrote much of his masterpiece, Utopia. More’s success at Bruges once again brought his skills to the attention of English leadership. This time, it was King Henry VIII and Thomas Wolsey who recognized More’s abilities and extended him an invitation to move from working for the city to working for the king.
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The geographical proximity that England has historically enjoyed with the Netherlands created the condition that naturally resulted in the ability of each of these nations to profoundly affect the other in a number of ways. The 17 th century showcases the dynamic and contradictory nature of Anglo-Dutch relations so well, that the precise relationship between the two countries in this century needs ...
This article chronicled the life of Thomas More very favorably. The author made More’s skills and talents very clear. However, the writing in the article was very difficult to follow. It was obvious that the intended audience for the article consisted of scholars of English history. Nevertheless, I found More to be a very intriguing character. More’s personal, negotiating, legal, labor, and linguistic skills seem to show that he represented all that was good within the borders of England.
