Total Institutions In the year 1961, the author, Erving Goffman, published a book consisting of text and studies on mental patients and inmates, in what he has called “total institutions.” There is a large focus on the life of mental patients, due to his year long study in an American institution. However, the center of my reading was based on the institutions and the lifestyles that are reached when placed in such establishments. When describing these institutions the author referred to them as segregated communities. This is exactly what they are. One is cut off from the outside society, with little or no contact at all until the inmates stay is over. The character of these institutions is one that is an intimidating barrier to the outside world.
One who’s barriers could be as simple as a fence or a locked door, but as distinct and scary as the high walls, thick bars and razor wire topped, electrically protected fences of today’s top penitentiaries. Every institution provides a new world to its members, inmost successful cases, changing the perception and reality of the inmate. Through the years of research conducted by the author, Goffmanconcluded that the total institutions in our societies breakdown into five rough groupings. There is room to expand on each one of these groupings as these findings are not precise, interpretation is the key when classifying the establishments. His first conclusion was to classify all institutions that we reestablished to care for people who were incapable and harmless to themselves and one another. One may relate to these institutions as the may be part of our lives on a daily basis.
The Essay on Law as A Social Institution
What does it mean to say that law is a social institution? In the light of a legal positivist view, law embodies and is contingent to the social construct within our society. Legal positivism is the notion that law depends on social fact and that its merits do not and should not reflect its intrinsic nature1. Law is simply not a set of rules and regulations that govern the way in which our society ...
This may be the nursing home where the elderly, widow / widowed grandmother / father is living out his last fine days on this earth. It could be one of the less than desirable child rearing homes, such as an orphanage. Or this category may also include where the unfortunate, the wanderer, and the vagrant all congregate, our nations homeless shelters. Whatever the institution may be, it is defined by place where one may go to receive treatment, nourishment and attention when there may be no other opportunity afforded them.
The second of these groupings, encompasses all of the institutions that care for people who are incapable and threatening to communities and themselves. This grouping is distinct in its findings and is very focused on the mental hospitals and wellness centers in or society. In such establishments, the patient is stripped of all things personal, to build a new self. Stripping ones identity also allows doctors and nurses to begin to identify the problems within the mind without the ability of the patient to hide or be distracted by the outside world. Institutions purportedly established to pursue work like tasks, and justify themselves only on those grounds is the third grouping. Such institutions include, but again are not limited to, boarding schools, military academies, and the Job Corps.
The idea behind these institutions is to inform and educated one in a way that will help them to be successful in life. The one factor that attracts the majority of its members is the chance to make ones self better. To excel and to give hope to a better life, one with direction and purpose. The forth group of Goffman’s conclusion, was that of establishments that are made as retreats from ordinary life, while still serving as a station for religion. This was very particular in its classification, the most specific of all the groups.
The only institutions that could be included were the ones, that the majority of the world, has absolutely no idea, what is included in the lifestyle of these institutions. The grouping includes, monasteries and covenants, Buddhist temples and the like. For one to be include in such a lifestyle is to truly believe in the higher power. to turn your life willfully over to a way of life and to separated from everything that one has ever known, would be of great difficulty. It would be doing this that would profess ones faith, desire, and trueness to what one is doing. Finally the institutions that are established to protect the community against intentional dangers, such as, jails, juvenile holdings, and penitentiaries.
The Essay on Life as a World War 1 Soldier
Life as a World War I Soldier Life as a soldier in World War I was no “walk in the park” for anyone involved. The soldiers fought through plenty of gruesome battles that altered their lives in great ways. On the other hand some soldiers were able to still find joy and humor in their lives. For example one soldier, a Captain Alexander Stewart, describes in his diary how he was “annoyed when he had ...
Again, these are a group of establishments that have the ability to strip people of their identity for as long as they are a member of this segregated community. All the aspects of everyday life are conducted in one place and under one authority, usually a warden, sheriff or other member of the staff. Ones self is stripped and one is thrown unwillingly into a group or subculture of its own. In this new group, all activities are completed at the same time, in the same space and together as a large faceless assembly.
The activities that are participated in are those that are strictly scheduled throughout the day and roll from one into the other. These rigorous schedules are all imposed by the officials that run the institution. The goals of the institution are fulfilled by these schedules and the tasks that are completed by the inmates, whether it may be a work service crew maintaining the grounds or by a janitorial staff maintaining the interior. Even though these institutions are similar in many instances to others, the do however have more contact with the outside world and rely on that contact to enhance its abilities to rehabilitate. Total institutions are ones that will take away and identity and not ask questions. One where inmates are moved as managed group and looked down upon as secretive and bitter.
Treating one like they are inferior and, guilty and weak is no way to re-establish someone’s life and return them to the world. Total institutions are incompatible with family, which is one of the strongest values that we need to maintain in this disintegrating world environment. We need to embrace family and do what we can to maintain our natural family values all throughout our travels and daily life. 1961 ervin g; essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates.
The Essay on The Challenging of Institutions Within the Art World
Through the post-modern frame (examining how artists and artworks challenge traditional bounds and rules, and conventions in art including concepts of originality and authenticity), artists in contemporary societies have started to use non-conventional, appropriated techniques to create new meaning within their works- shocking audiences and challenging institutional tolerance, ‘limits of ...
