•Define organizational control, and describe the four steps of the control process. •Identify the main output controls, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages as means of coordinating and motivating employees. •Identify the main behavior controls, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages as means of coordinating and motivating employees. •Discuss the relationship between organizational control and change, and explain why managing change is a vital management task •Organizational Control
•Managers monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organization and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organizational goals Managers must monitor and evaluate:
–Is the firm efficiently converting inputs into outputs?
•Are units of inputs and outputs measured accurately?
–Is product quality improving?
•Is the firm’s quality competitive with other firms?
–Are employees responsive to customers?
•Are customers satisfied with the services offered?
–Are our managers innovative in outlook?
•Does the control system encourage risk-taking?
Control Systems
–Formal, target-setting, monitoring, evaluation and feedback systems that provide managers with information about whether the organization’s strategy and structure are working efficiently and effectively. •A good control system should:
The Business plan on Introducing Performance Management System Yen Employees
Introduction This report is an attempt to analyse the existing Performance Management System for Large Financial Service Organisation (LFSO) and from this information, recommend, and implement an appropriate new performance management system. LFSO is an organisation, which traditionally has a paternalistic culture with low levels of unionization. LFSO current Performance Management system was ...
–be flexible so managers can respond as needed.
–provide accurate information about the organization.
–provide information in a timely manner.
Discussion Question?
Which is the most important type of control?
A.Feedforward
B.Feedback
C.Concurrent
D.Accounting
Three Types of Control
TYPES OF CONTROL
•Feedforward Controls
–Used to anticipate problems before they arise so that problems do not occur later during the conversion process –Giving stringent product specifications to suppliers in advance –IT can be used to keep in contact with suppliers and to monitor their progress •Concurrent Controls
–Give managers immediate feedback on how efficiently inputs are being transformed into outputs •Allows managers to correct problems as they arise
•Feedback Controls
–Used to provide information at the output stage about customers’ reactions to goods and services so that corrective action can be taken if necessary Control Process Steps
THE CONTROL PROCESS
1.Establish standards of performance, goals, or targets against which performance is to be evaluated. –Managers at each organizational level need to set their own standards. 2.Measure actual performance
–Managers can measure outputs resulting from worker behavior or they can measure the behavior themselves. •The more non-routine the task, the harder it is to measure behavior or outputs
3.Compare actual performance against chosen standards of performance –Managers evaluate whether – and to what extent – performance deviates from the standards of performance chosen in step 1 4.Evaluate result and initiate corrective action if the standard is not being achieved –If managers decide that the level of performance is unacceptable, they must try to change the way work activities are performed to solve the problem Three Organizational Control Systems
The Business plan on A Study on Financial Performance Using Ratio Analysis at Emami Ltd
... ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION . 1 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USING RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis is a powerful tool of ... work together across titles, job responsibilities and organizational structure to share knowledge and expertise. ... to measure the extent to which they can gain the benefits of maintaining control over ... with the duties of the finance manager in a business firm. He performs ...
Question? Which ratio measures how well managers have protected organizational resources to be able to meet short-term obligations? A.Profit ratios
B.Leverage ratios
C.Liquidity ratios
D.Operating ratios
FINANCIAL MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE
•Profit Ratios –
–measure how efficiently managers are using the organization’s resources to generate profits •Return on Investment (ROI)
–most commonly used financial performance measure
–organization’s net income before taxes divided by its total assets
•Operating margin
–calculated by dividing a companies operating profit by sales revenue –Provides managers with information about how efficiently an organization is utilizing its resources •Liquidity ratios
–measure how well managers have protected organizational resources to be able to meet short-term obligations •Leverage ratios
–measure the degree to which managers use debt or equity to finance ongoing operations •Activity ratios
–provide measures of how well managers are creating value from organizational assets OUTPUT CONTROL
•Organizational Goals
–Each division within the firm is given specific goals that must be met in order to attain overall organizational goals. •Goals should be set appropriately so that managers are motivated to accomplish them Organization-Wide Goal Setting
Output Control
•Operating Budgets
–Blueprint that states how managers intend to use organizational resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently. Effective Output Control
1.Objective financial measures
2.Challenging goals and performance standards
3.Appropriate operating budgets
Problems with Output Control
•Managers must create output standards that motivate at all levels
•Should not cause managers to behave in inappropriate ways to achieve organizational goals Behavior Control
•Direct supervision
– managers who actively monitor and observe the behavior of their subordinates
–Teach subordinates appropriate behaviors
–Intervene to take corrective action
–Most immediate and potent form of behavioral control
–Can be an effective way of motivating employees
The Essay on Fundamentals Of Management Organizational Goal
... organizational goals. By utilizing the four different functions of management companies can work with their employees and other resources to reach the organizations goals. ... or controlling the team. Managers need to work on controlling the team so that they can implement necessary changes or ... being made. The controlling function makes sure that the goals are met and it makes changes as needed. The ...
Problems with Direct Supervision
•Very expensive because a manager can personally manage only a relatively small number of subordinates effectively
•Can demotivate subordinates if they feel that they are under such close scrutiny that they are not free to make their own decisions
Management by Objectives
•Management by Objectives (MBO)
–formal system of evaluating subordinates for their ability to achieve specific organizational goals or performance standards and to meet operating
budgets
Management by Objectives
1.Specific goals and objectives are established at each level of the organization 2.Managers and their subordinates together determine the subordinates’ goals 3.Managers and their subordinates periodically review the subordinates’ progress toward meeting goals Question? Which type of control is exerted on individuals in an organization by shared values, norms, standards of behavior, and expectations? A.Bureaucratic control
B.Clan control
C.Revolutionary control
D.Evolutionary control
BUREAUCRATIC CONTROL
•Bureaucratic Control
–Control through a system of rules and standard operating procedures (SOPs) that shapes and regulates the behavior of divisions, functions, and individuals. •Problems with Bureaucratic Control
–Rules easier to make than than discarding them, leading to bureaucratic “red tape” and slowing organizational reaction times to problems. –Firms become too standardized and lose flexibility to learn, to create new ideas, and solve to new problems.
CLAN CONTROL
•Clan Control
–The control exerted on individuals and groups in an organization by shared values, norms, standards of behavior, and expectations. Organization Change
Movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its efficiency and effectiveness Organizational Change
STEPS IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE PROCESS
Implementing the Change
•Top Down Change
–A fast, revolutionary approach to change in which top managers identify what needs to be changed and then move quickly to implement the changes throughout the organization.
The Essay on Why do organizations experience resistance to change? What techniques cam managers use to overcome resistance?
Why do organizations experience resistance to change? What techniques can managers use to overcome resistance? If we want things to stay as they are, things will have to change. (Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa. II Gattopardo 1958). More and more organizations have come to accept that as the external environment changes they need to adapt in order to stay competitive. Organizational change may be ...
•Bottom-up change
–A gradual or evolutionary approach to change in which managers at all levels work together to develop a detailed plan for change. Evaluating the Change
•Benchmarking
–The process of comparing one company’s performance on specific dimensions with the performance of other, high-performing organizations.
