I knew that I would encounter homelessness when I came to Berkeley. I was expecting it, because just about everybody I knew had something to say about the rumors they’d heard filter over from the West Coast. Coming from New York, however, I figured I’d seen it all, and would be in control over whatever I would be up against. Reality quickly hit me, though, as I began to familiarize myself with Berkeley and its main streets. I’d never seen anything quite like Telegraph Avenue and People’s Park. No matter how much poverty one has seen throughout the course of their lives, it’s far more difficult to accept when it occurs in areas of high concentration.
Understanding the nature of homeless people asking for money and their interactions with people walking up and down a main street such as Telegraph Avenue is a difficult task. This observation process, which took place on Telegraph Avenue watching the homeless at ‘work’, was difficult because of the wealth of information one could find in simply watching as one person asked another for money. We looked for a number of signals in the interactions, considering people’s ages, how they reacted physically, whether or not they communicated verbally, their demeanor throughout the interaction, and the importance of eye-contact. We must also wrestle with the ambiguity of the power structure within the situation, because it is not nearly as clear as it seems. In the end, we will try to decipher the true nature of these confrontations, concluding by comparing the analysis of these situations to those found in the works of Erving Goffman and Robin Leidner. INTERACTIONS The difficulty in defining the parameters of dominance within the interaction comes in understanding the disparity between the social status of the person being asked for money and the status of the individual begging for it; the real science lies in determining how little that difference actually matters.
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The very word conjures up images of money-a bountiful sum in cash or checks, a generous amount, richly deserved, paid in return for good works of some kind. But in today's economic and employment environment, giving someone a cash reward for work beyond the call of duty-a raise or a bonus-often has less impact than the employer intended. It simply isn't as surefire an "employee retention tool" is ...
Socially, the respective status of each individual should be quite clear. The person walking down the street is probably either employed or a student. The stereotypical homeless person, on the other hand, may have alcohol or drug problems, may be suffering from schizophrenia, and is clearly not capable of functioning within the confines of mainstream society. Clearly, according to unwritten rules of our community, the employed person has a much higher social standing. Despite these social differences, the actual interaction is controlled by the panhandler. Their authority role begins with the initiation of the interaction; by being the one to cause the confrontation, the second party- the one being asked for change- is forced to react, if not to respond, in some way.
The initiation process itself varies quite a bit from panhandler to panhandler and has a tremendous impact in terms of reinforcing the notion of authority. For example, there were panhandlers we observed who were not capable of singling out an individual person and therefore had a great deal of difficulty initiating or holding on to any interactions; on the other hand, one man we watched was particularly effective simply because he went out of his way to single people out in the passing crowds, he was loud enough to make even the most jaded person turn and was clearly in control of the interaction. Once control has been established and the interaction has commenced, it is necessary to gauge the response of the individual being asked for money and exactly what that response may mean. Of nineteen interactions we observed, only seven people made eye contact with the person asking for money. We found that it was often easier for someone to say no if they did not have to look the person straight in the eyes. One common response was to look to the person without making eye-contact, and then respond while turning away from the panhandler. Many people did choose to communicate verbally, often using the phrase, ‘I don’t have any money.’ In all likelihood, almost all of the seven people who uttered that phrase had at least a some money, and the homeless probably know that.
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Understand and enable positive interaction and communication with individuals who have dementia (DEM312) 1.1 explain how different forms of dementia may affect the way an individual communicates. Loss of communication follows different patterns for different types of dementia, sometimes also varies by individual. It becomes increasingly more difficult for a person with dementia to communicate ...
Still, the phrase- whether an outright lie or the gospel truth- manages to carry a great deal of weight. Another micro-interaction we saw quite a bit of was the use of the body to communicate certain attitudes without the use of words. There were people who looked up as soon as they noticed the homeless people and would actually face their entire bodies to them as they walked by, suggesting acceptance, and there were others who angled their bodies so that their shoulders provided a clear barrier, shielding the individual as they walked silently by. Although I had expected age to be a factor in the interactions- and it was in that panhandlers did not ask children for money-peoples age, and even the nature of their dress did not seem to have any clear impact on the interactions. In truth, finding many specific patterns in these interactions would require far more time spent in the field doing research. One factor which I took notice of early on in the field research process was the behavior of people wearing sunglasses and their responses to the same panhandlers. The initial results, in which three out of three subjects wearing sunglasses actually struck up conversations and appeared particularly at ease- to the point of laughter in two instances- convinced me that it would be worth doing more research during the daylight hours.
The next time I was on Telegraph during the day I sat down for a few minutes and watched only for people wearing sunglasses. Six people passed a homeless man directly outside of Fat Slice Pizza wearing sunglasses during the next ten minutes. Of those six individuals, two ignored the requests for change and the other four acted friendly and natural, looking directly at them and responding in a pleasant manner. In total, of the nin ….
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Adhd Emotionally Handicapped/Behavior Disorders: Attention Adhd Essay, Research Paper Emotionally Handicapped/Behavior Disorders: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Introduction It seems that diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is becoming more prevalent among children and adults. I questioned what has caused this increase in number of people effected by this disorder. The ...
