Hall (1983) (M time and P time).
M time people stick to schedules while p time people stress the importance of people over time. Example: the hairdresser Linearity (L) versus cyclicity (C) of time Christianity (linearity) Buddhism (reincarnation) cyclicity People who think in cycles are more patient and perhaps less greedy Three types of cyclicity: 1) Religious assumptions about reincarnation 2) Natural rhytms of years, seasons and days 3) The social division of time periods (days of the week) (different societies had different numbers of days per week.
Temporal orientations (past, present, future) What does it mean to be past oriented? Who are past oriented? (Europeans) Present oriented (Spanish-Americans) Future oriented (the Americans).
Future orientation is related to the view that people can master nature. Which factors go together? Economic time, linear time, monochronism and future orientation. How would you describe the Japanese in terms of time orientation? The Japanese have a Makimono time pattern (the past and the future exist simultaneously in the present).
Space (see table 2. 2, p. 34) The basis for territoriality.
Questions to be asked: Are people insiders or outsiders? What are group membership conditions? Examples: Bantu people (meaning ‘human being’).
In Japanese language the Japanese call themselves ‘we’. Others are ‘they’ or ‘those from the outside’. Two orientations: The ‘being’ orientation and the ‘doing’ orientation. What are the differences? The being orientation allows people possibilities according to what they ‘are’ The doing orientation allows people possibilities according to what they can achieve. What are examples of ingroups? (The nation, families, etc. ) (p. 6) In what sense is knowledge of ingroup behaviour important to consumer behaviour? (P. 37) How does Usuniers distinguish: a) The ‘tolerated outsider’ b) The ‘recognized outsider’ c) The ‘Newly accepted insider’ How are group membership assumptions (ingroup and being orientations = concrete territoriality) and (outgroup and doing orientations= abstract territoriality) important to marketing negotiations? When is corruption acceptable and when is it not acceptable? P. 39 Outgroup and doing orientations (abstract territoriality) What signals can be seen in CVs of the two orientations?
The Essay on Time People Figures Alcohol
It can be argued that since the 1920's society in America has been in a state of moral decay. Many say that this decay has much to do with materialism and the acceptance of moral decay that began in the 1920's. Because of things like organized crime, social corruption and growing materialism there was a sudden "drop" in society. Since the 1920's there had been a drop in the way society would view ...
What are the pitfalls in space-related assumptions? Ingroup orientation: tribalism, localism, provincialism, Outgroup orientation: unrealistic universalism, global village ethnocentrism How much should be allowed for private space in different cultures? (Edward Hall (1966).
P. 40 A market of antiperspirants, mouthwashes and deodorizants have grown out of the need for private space. Small products (to save space).
Explain: Cultural hostility does not necessarily imply racism: one may be hostile to people of (some) other cultures, without being a racist.
