The national revolution represents a peak of achievement to which the minds of man return time and again in reverence and for a renewal of faith in freedom.
For the national revolution is invariably the one period in a nation’s history when the people were most united, most involved, and most decisively active in the fight for freedom. Revolution becomes the principal hero of his people.
There is Washington for the United States, Lenin for the Soviet Union, Bolivar for Latin America, Sun Yat Sen, then Mao Tse-Tung for China and Ho Chi Minh for Vietnam. The unity between the venerated mass action and the honored single individual enhances the influence of both.
In our case, our national hero was not the leader of our Revolution. In fact, he repudiated that Revolution. In no uncertain terms he placed himself against Bonifacio and those Filipinos who were fighting for the country’s liberty. In fact, when he was arrested he was on his way to Cuba to use his medical skills in the service of Spain.
And in the manifesto of December 15, 1896 which he addressed to the Filipino people, he declared: “From the very beginning, when I first had notice of what was being planned, I opposed it, fought it, and demonstrated its absolute impossibility. I did even more.
The Term Paper on Front National People Extreme Electorate
... there were also the revolutionaries who were for a social revolution, these people were classed in the same category as the Fascists ... fought and tortured in Algeria. All these people wanted the same thing they were Nationals who wanted France to become a great ... Socialists were coming up strong, this played in the Front National favour, the Socialists were getting stronger and the Communists weaker, ...
When later, against my advice, the movement materialized, of my own accord I offered my good offices, but my very life, and even my name, to be used in whatever way might seem best, toward stifling the rebellion; for convinced of the ills which it would bring, I considered myself fortunate if, at any sacrifice, I could prevent such useless misfortune….
I have written also (and I repeat my words) that reforms, to be beneficial, must come from above, and those which comes from below are irregularly gained and uncertain. Holding these ideas, I cannot do less than condemn, and I do condemn this uprising-which dishonors us Filipinos and discredits those that could plead our cause. I abhor its criminal methods and disclaim all part in it, pitying from the bottom of my heart the unwary that have been deceived into taking part in it.” Rizal and The Revolution
Rizal’s refusal to align himself with the revolutionary forces and his vehement condemnation of the mass movement and of its leaders have placed Filipinos in a dilemma. Either the Revolution was wrong, yet we cannot disown it, or Rizal was wrong, yet we cannot disown him either. By and large, we have chosen to ignore this apparent contradiction.
Rizalists, especially, have taken the easy way out, which is to gloss over the matter. They have treated Rizal’s condemnation of the Katipunan as a skeleton in his closet and have been responsible for the “silent treatment” on his unequivocal position against the Revolution. For some Rizalists, this aspect of Rizal has been a source of embarrassment inasmuch as they picture him as the supreme symbol of our struggle for freedom.
Other in fact privately agree with his stand as evidenced by their emphasis on the gradualism of Rizal’s teachings particularly his insistence on the primacy of education. They would probably praise Rizal’s stand against the Revolution, if they dared. Since they do not dare for themselves, there are also prudently silent for Rizal’s sake.
Others, careless and superficial in their approach to history and perhaps afraid to stir a hornet’s nest of controversy, do not think it important to dwell on this contradiction between our Revolution and our national hero and elect to leave well enough alone. Perhaps they do not perceive the adverse consequences of our refusal to analyze and resolve this contradiction. Yet the consequences are manifest in our regard for our Revolution and in our understanding of Rizal.
The Essay on Criteria for National Hero on the Philippines
... heroes. Even Jose Rizal, considered as the greatest among the Filipino heroes, was not explicitly proclaimed as a national hero. The position he now holds in Philippine ... Aguinaldo, the latter formally declaring the revolution’s success. In reality, however, a revolution has no end. Revolutions are only the beginning. One cannot ...
The Philippine Revolution has always been overshadowed by the omnipresent figure and the towering reputation of Rizal. Because Rizal took no part in that Revolution and in fact repudiated it, the general regard for our Revolution is not as high as it otherwise would be. On the other hand, because we refuse to analyze the significance of his repudiation, our understanding of Rizal and of his role in our national development remains superficial.
This is a disservice to the event, to the man, and to ourselves. Rizal’s reaction toward the Revolution is unexpected, coming as it did from a man whose life and labors were supposed to have been dedicated to the cause of his country’s freedom. Had someone of lesser stature uttered those words of condemnation, he would have been considered a traitor to the cause. As a matter of fact, those words were treasonous in the light of the Filipinos’ struggle against Spain.
Rizal repudiated the one act which really synthesized our nationalist aspiration, and yet we consider him a nationalist leader. Such an appraisal has dangerous implications because it can be used to exculpate those who actively betrayed the Revolution and may serve to diminish the ardor of those who today may be called upon to support another great nationalist undertaking to complete the anti-colonial movement. An American-Sponsored Hero
I. Rizal being a revered figure His pre-eminence among our heroes was partly the result of American sponsorship.
This sponsorship took two forms: 1. Encouraging a Rizal cult 2. Minimizing the importance of other heroes or even of vilifying them.
I. Philippine Commission was suggested that Filipinos be given a national hero a. Rizal’s formal designation as our national hero, his elevation to his present eminence so far above all our other heroes was abetted and encouraged by the Americans. b. 1901- Governor William Howard Taft, suggested that the Philippine Commission to the Filipinos be given a national hero.
December 28, 1946- The Free Press gives this account of a meeting of the Philippine Commission: Civil Governor W. H. Taft addressed to the Filipino members of the civil commission a.) Pardo de Tavera b.) Legarda c.)Luzuriaga
The Essay on Philippines Spanish Filipino Filipinos
Filipino culture is very influenced by the Spanish conquest which began mid-millenium. Many of the traditions of the Phillipines are actually Spanish traditions. The food is a combination of Asian and Spanish cuisine, and the language is made up of Spanish, English, and a touch of Japanese. 1574 Spanish Colonization +Annual visits of "Manila Galleon" to Mexico maintains European contact +Filipinos ...
III. Rizal being chosen as the national hero
Between Two Empires (Theodore Friend) and with other American colonial officials and some conservative Filipinos, chose him (Rizal) as a model hero over other contestants – Aguinaldo too militant, Bonifacio too radical,
Mabini unregenerate.”
III. Acts of Philippine Commission for Rizal’s sponsorship This decision to sponsor Rizal was implemented with the passage of the following Acts of the Philippine Commission: (1) Act No.
137 which organized the politico-military district of Morong and named it the province of Rizal “in honor of the most illustrious Filipino and the most illustrious Tagalog the islands had ever known, “ (2) Act No.243 which authorized a public subscription for the erection of a monument in honor or Rizal at the Luneta, and
(3) Act No. 346 which set aside the anniversary of his death as a day of observance.
