This group assignment requires your team to apply statistical knowledge and skills learned from BEO5539 lectures between week 2 and 7. Please note the following: (a) Each assignment group will comprise no more than 3 members. Each team member is expected to work collaboratively with one another and contribute their fair share of effort in completing this group assignment. Team members must be from the same tutorial group. It is important that there is coordination among team members to ensure this assignment is duly completed and submitted by the deadline.
(b) Real data must be used for this assignment. The variables for this group assignment are identified in Table 1 below. These variables can be extracted from Orbis database via http://library.vu.edu.au/search/f?SEARCH=orbis&sortdropdown=-
(c) In Orbis database, please:
– select 3 countries (at least one developed country and one developing country);
– select one industry (same industry for the 3 countries);
avoid selecting data from 2014 because significant amount of the 2014 data is yet to be released through this database. Missing data must not be included in the analysis and therefore must be deleted from the spreadsheet. – note that the listed companies extracted from Orbis database are used to infer about the population of companies in this assignment.
(d) Your sample sizes will vary according to your choice of countries and industry for focus. If any of the sample size (for a country) is less than 30, please discuss this with your instructor. (e) Some of the variables may have to be transformed or re-coded before the application of a statistical technique.
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(f) Please use SPSS for statistical analysis in this group assignment.
Relevant SPSS statistical output must be properly analysed and interpreted. Countries comparison for the same industry is usually required (unless explicitly stated) in the questions. In the tests of hypotheses, ensure that the p-values are identified in your statistical decision. (g) Please provide a number for every table, graph or figure used and make clear reference to the table/graph/figure in your discussion.
(h) The word limit for this group assignment is 5,000 words (excluding SPSS output).
(i) This assignment is due in week 8. Please submit your assignment in Word document via VU Collaborate together with a completed assessment declaration form signed by all team members and your SPSS data set.
(j) It is not compulsory to use database beyond Orbis database. However, students may want to harvest data from other databases and used them in conjunction with those harvested from Orbis in the form of a merged data file, or use an entirely different database. In these situations, students should approach the instructor for approval before using their preferred database(s) for their group assignment. The instructor will discuss with the team to find out whether the variables and data format are suitable for statistical analyses in the group assignment.
Table 1 – Variables from Orbis database for Assignment 1
Variables
V1. Country ISO Code
Remarks
This variable will automatically appear in the
spreadsheet when you select your 3 countries.
Each country will have a different label.
V2. Operating Revenue
Definition: Income derived from sources related
(Turnover)
to a company’s everyday business operations.
V3. BvD Indep. Indic.
Known as ‘company independence indicator’. It
categorizes the degree of independence of a
company. The indicator marks are as follows:
A: No recorded shareholder with more than 25%
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direct or total ownership.
B: No recorded shareholder with more than 50%
direct or total ownership. And one or more
shareholders are recorded with more than 25%
direct or total ownership.
C: One recorded shareholder with more than
50% direct or total. Also given to a company
when a source indicates that the company has
an ultimate owner.
D: One recorded shareholder with a direct
ownership of over 50%.
U: Unknown status of independence.
V4. Returns on earning (using
Definition: Profit & loss before tax divided by
Profit & Loss before tax) in %
shareholders’ funds. It measures how much
profit a company generates (or loss made) with
the money shareholders have invested.
V5. Solvency ratio in %
Definition: Shareholders’ funds divided by total
assets. It measures whether a company can stay
solvent.
V6. Number of companies in a In this assignment, use this variable as a proxy corporate group.
for the size of a corporation.
You may wish to select a set of Please ensure your selected variables make different variables from other sense in context, otherwise your assignment may end up dealing with spurious relationships
databases. Please discuss
among your variables.
your preferred variables with
your instructor.
Assignment tasks:
The variables for this assignment are as follows:
V1) Country ISO Code. Recode this variable into the following: 1 = Name of country 1
2 = Name of country 2
3 = Name of country 3
Note: Attach value labels to this variable.
V2)Operating Revenue (Turnover) in dollars value.
V3) BvD Indep. Indic.
This variable categorizes the degree of independence of a company. The indicator marks are as follows:
A: No recorded shareholder with more than 25% direct or total ownership. B: No recorded shareholder with more than 50% direct or total ownership. And one or more shareholders are recorded with more than 25% direct or total ownership. C: One recorded shareholder with more than 50% direct or total. Also given to a company when a source indicates that the company has an ultimate owner. D: One recorded shareholder with a direct ownership of over 50%. U: Unknown status of independence.
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Note: This variable must be re-coded into a 4 categorical data (i.e., C and D have to be re-coded into the same category).
V4) Returns on earning (using Profit & Loss before tax) in % V5) Solvency ratio in %
V6) Number of companies in a corporate group. The value ‘0’ indicates the company is a standalone company – without branch, subsidiary or affiliated company. 1) Week 2 topic – Descriptive Statistics
Present V2 to V6 for your selected industry using the following descriptive statistics* and compare them across countries:
Topics
Week 2: 1A) Descriptive Statistics – presenting data in tables & charts Frequency, relative frequency, and cumulative frequency.
Histogram/column chart/pie chart (select 2 measures)
Week 3: 1B) Descriptive Statistics – numerical descriptive measures Central tendency (mean, median)
Non-central tendency (80 percentile, 1st quartile)
Variability (range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and interquartile range) *Note: Some of the data has to be transformed or re-coded before certain descriptive statistics could be used. On the other hand, there are data that cannot be computed for some descriptive statistics.
2) Week 3 topic – Estimation
2a) Construct a confidence interval to estimate the population mean at 99% confidence interval for this industry in each country for V2, V4, V5 and V6. Interpret each confidence interval in context and make a comparison across countries in your analysis.
2b) Construct a confidence interval to estimate the population proportion of companies with ‘No recorded shareholder with more than 50% direct or total ownership, and one or more shareholders are recorded with more than 25% direct or total ownership’ (refer to V3) at 95% confidence interval for this industry in each country.
Recode V3 into different variable with:
B=1
Others =0
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The concept of statistics is divided into two major branches of statistical methods known as descriptive and inferential statistics. To comprehend the study as a whole statisticians recommend individuals began focusing on descriptive statistics because it provides a better understanding and smooth transition into inferential. According to descriptive statistics are commonly used to summarize or ...
Interpret this confidence interval in context and make a comparison across countries in your analysis.
3) Week 4 – Hypothesis Tests
Requirements for each hypothesis test:
i)
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.
ii)
State your statistical decision using significant value (
