Background Indochina is made up of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. It was colonized by the French in the late 1800’s and given up in 1939. Japan tookover Frances loss after that. After Japans defeat in 1945, Vietnams patriot and communist, Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh declared Vietnam independent. After that, France came to claim their loss. The US supported France fearing the “Domino Theory” would take affect after in 1949 China fell to communism. In 1950, the US sent troops to South Korea to prevent the dominos from falling.
The Vietnamese took fort Dien Bien Phoo in May of 1954, so then the French finally pulled out. That set up 2 nations North Vietnam and South Vietnam split at the 17th parallel. Ho Chi Minh was in the North and was a Communist Ngo Dinh Diem was in South and disliked communism. He argued that if there was an election to choose a leader of 1 unified nation, that Ho would not permit fair elections. Viet Cong Rebellion In 1956, Diem closed all elections, and appointed local officials. That gave him less of support.
Also he didnt win the support of the peasants, that was a major mistake… in the south Vietminh members who were located in South Vietnam formed their own communist party. Diem called them the Viet Cong meaning Vietnamese Communists. North Vietnam supported the rebellion in the early parts. In 1959 the Vietminh set up a supply route to South Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia. They were then named the Ho Chi Minh trail.
The Essay on Vietnam South China French
... divided, pending nationwide free elections, into Communist North Vietnam and nationalist South Vietnam. Fearing a Communist victory, the regime of Ngo Dinh ... S. began to ease its embargo in response to Vietnam's support for the Cambodian peace process and cooperation in ... 1945 the VIET MINH, a coalition of nationalists and Communists, established a republic headed by HO CHI MINH. French attempts to ...
Also in 1959, the first American advisors were killed during a battle. By 1960 the Vietcong had about 10,000 troops and were threatening to overthrow Diem. Then the US sent 15,100(WorldBook) more US advisors in from 1961 – 1963. The Buddhists also had a hard time with Diem, they felt he did not give enough religious freedom. The Buddhists also held the better part of Vietnams population. On June 21, 1963, an old Buddhist Monk Quang Duc lit himself on fire as a form of protest. Diem who was a Roman Catholic and his brother, performed massive arrests on Buddhists and raided Buddhist temples.
Kennedy urged Diem to improve relationships with Diem, but he didnt take his offering. Then a group of generals who were against Diem formed. On Nov. 1, 1963, the generals overthrew Diem and his brother, and Diem and Nhu were murdered. Kennedy was not for that to happen. After that, South Vietnams governments kept changing, and then in 1964 The Vietcong controlled 3/4 of South Vietnam. In 1964, 2 American destroyers sitting in the Gulf of Tonkin were blown up, the boats were The Maddox and C.
Turner Joy. The attacks were never proven, and probably will never be proven either. By that time, Kennedy was assassinated and Johnson took power, and he sent in troops and had congress pass a bill to let him to fight back if he was first attacked. By August 7, 1964 Congress had passed the bill and the Gulf of Tonkin resolution, the US did not declare war, but sent troops over. In 1965 the first US ground troops were sent to Vietnam. By 1969 the Americans had 543,000 men in, 800,000 south Vietnamese and 69,000 from other countries. The Vietcong had around 300,000, but in their techniques of Guerrilla warfare and just hit and run, that number was sufficient.
1965-1967 During this time, there was a very heavily fought war going on. The US bombed out Vietnam, but still didnt decrease the enemys will to fight. Also, the USSR and Red China aided them. Whenever a ground encountement came up, the US usually won, but still didnt change the willingness to fight. They would put in a new round of troops to pay for their loss, usually to prevent loss, the enemy would flee to Cambodia or Laos. At home the country was split into two sections The Hawks & The Doves.
The Hawks were the people who supported the War, and the Doves who disliked the war. The Hawks though disliked LBJs of the slowly sending in the troops. When LBJ ran higher taxes to support the war, his public support sharply fell. Tet offensive In late January(January 30, the Vietnamese new year, Tet) the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese came up with the “Tet offensive” this plan was to bomb out the major south Vietnamese
The Essay on Cold War Vietnam Containment South
After World War II, Stalin did not remove his troops from Eastern Europe as he pledged he would in the Yalta Agreement. Instead, he setup "puppet governments" which did exactly as Mother Russia stated. To protect it's interests for national security, the American Dream, and the belief that all people should have the right to a democratic life, complete with liberty, equality, and a representative ...
Bibliography:
chuckiv.com.
