Regulatory issues of VoIP The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has worked to create an environment promoting competition and innovation to benefit consumers. Historically, the FCC has not regulated the Internet or the services provided over it. On February 12, 2004, the FCC found that an entirely Internet-based VoIP service was an unregulated information service. Currently, the FCC is not regulating VoIP, however there are still major concerns that need to be addressed. There are three main issues that are of the utmost importance to the telecommunications industry.
The Tax Freedom act, E-911, and Calea are three most imperative issues concerning VoIP. The Internet Tax Freedom Act was authored by Rep. Christopher Cox and Sen. Ron Wyden, and signed into law on October 21, 1998 by President Bill Clinton.
This law bars state and local governments from taxing Internet access service. In 2003 the House of Representatives approved bill H. R. 49, the “Internet Tax Non-Discrimination Act of 2003.” This bill would expand and make permanent a federally imposed “moratorium” on state and local taxation of sales of “Internet access” services. States and local governments would be permanently prohibited from charging sales taxes on the monthly service charge that households and businesses pay to be able to access the World Wide Web. VoIP rides a fine line between being a telephone service and an internet service.
The Term Paper on Internet Censorship Communications Decency Act
Internet Censorship What is censorship Many people view censorship as having many different meanings. However, it could be the act or process of censoring, the office or authority of a censor, or even a policy of censoring. Since censorship is a word of many meanings, in its broadest sense it refers to suppression of information, ideas, or artistic expression by anyone. "In its narrower, more ...
This is due to the fact that a call is initiated from a phone in an analog format, transmitted over the internet in a digital format and finally converted back to analog format typically across the same lines that traditional phones operate on. In addition many states rely on the taxes received from telephone service to run programs to low income areas. VoIP is seen as threat to these programs because taxes will not be imposed on this service due to current legislative language. Many opponents of the non-taxation of VoIP feel that exemption from taxation is not needed to spur investments in this type of telecommunication. They also feel it singles out one type of telecommunications service for favorable treatment, which will lead to other types of services asking for similar treatment at the expense of the state and local tax base. E-911 short for Enhanced 911, is a location technology that will enable phones to process 911 emergency calls and enable emergency services to locate the geographic position of the caller.
When a person makes a 911 call using a traditional phone with ground wires, the call is routed to the nearest public safety answering point (PSAP) that then distributes the emergency call to the proper services. The PSAP receives the caller’s phone number and the exact location of the phone from which the call was made. Because VoIP is an internet based phone system it is difficult to pinpoint where a VoIP caller is when they call 911, other than using their billing address. Many VoIP customers use a paperback book-sized box that allows them to take their phone anywhere they have internet access, often far from the billing address. Current VoIP technology does not provide for the transmission of the caller’s physical location along with the voice call. If the caller dials 911, there is no inherent protocol within the VoIP technology for routing the call to the nearest PSAP, or to display the caller’s location, telephone number or other information.
The Essay on Net 2 Phone Internet Idt International
Howard Jonas, IDT's CEO and Founder came up with a way of providing the world with cheap international long distance calling rates. His tiny International Discount Telecommunications Corp. pioneered what is now a multi-billion dollar a year industry, international "callback" telephone service. This technology allows anyone around the world to bypass the high costs of placing international calls ...
Another issue involves E 911 funding — VoIP users can arrange for E 911 service with their Internet provider, and yet not pay any applicable 911 surcharges for the service. There is anxiety among public safety agencies, county and state level 911 agencies that E-911 system funding could be reduced as more persons convert to VoIP telephone service, and drop their wired telephone service. Communications Assistance for law enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA).
The law obligates telecommunications carriers to assist law enforcement in executing electronic surveillance pursuant to court order or other lawful authorization and requires carriers to design or modify their systems to ensure that lawfully-authorized electronic surveillance can be performed. In August 2005, in response to a petition from the department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Drug Enforcement Agency, the FCC determined that providers of certain broadband and interconnected voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services must be prepared to accommodate law enforcement wiretaps. The FCC found that these services essentially replace conventional telecommunications services currently subject to wiretap rules, including circuit-switched voice service and dial-up Internet access.
As replacements, the new services are covered by the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, or CALEA, which requires the FCC to preserve the ability of law enforcement agencies to conduct court-ordered wiretaps. The Order is limited to facility based broadband Internet access service providers and VoIP providers that offer services permitting users to receive calls from, and place calls to, the public switched telephone network. Broadband internet and interconnected VoIP providers have been given an eighteen month deadline to come into compliance with all CALEA requirements. The FCC made this ruling because VoIP is seen as a substitute for conventional service and as such should be held to the same standards.
The Term Paper on The Secret Service Law Enforcement Protective
The Secret Service was created in 1865 as a federal law enforcement agency within the Treasury Department. It derives its legal authority from Title 18, United States Code, Section 3056. It was established for the express purpose of stopping counterfeiting operations which had sprung up in this country following the introduction of paper currency during the Civil War (Treasury, 2002, Online). The ...
