What are the major problems and challenges in the water resources management faced by Hong Kong? 1. Reclamation In Hong Kong there has been rapid population growth since the 1950s. More and more land is needed for urban development. Therefore, the government undertook large-scale reclamation to get flat land for various urban land uses. The coastline of Kowloon Peninsula has extended seaward. It shows that new land has been created by reclamation. With such large-scale reclamation, our harbor is getting smaller and smaller. Further reclamation will mean that we shall lose one of our most valuable assets.
Reclamation may stir up sand and mud on the seabed. Water becomes unclear and this disturbs the marine ecosystems. Filling materials and sediments may contain toxic pollutants. Fish and coral will be adversely affected. Filling materials and sediments may contain toxic materials. These pollutants may enter the food chain, affecting fish, seabirds, and even human beings. 2. Dumping Every day, Hong Kong produces about 2. 8 million cubic meters of sewage. Most of the sewage is discharged into Victoria Harbor. This results in serious water pollution there.
In Hong Kong, sewage comes from human and industrial sources, and livestock farms. Virus, bacteria, agricultural waste, heavy metals and toxic chemicals are found in the polluted water. In the past, most sewage was not treated before being discharged into the sea. Heavy materials and toxic chemicals will accumulate in marine life, such as fish and shellfish. They may not be able to reproduce. 3. Solid waste Each year, people throw hundreds of millions of tones of solid waste into the sea, including fishing line and nets, and plastic sheeting and bags. Plastic do not decompose easily.
The Essay on Hudson River Water York Sewage
The Hudson River is 315 miles long from the Adirondack Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. This river was founded in 1606 by a man name Henry Hudson. In the 1620 s, the Dutch settled this river. Soldiers also used it as a highway during the American Revolution. Humans have used this river for approximately 400 years already. The river has been used for travel, food, recreation, and as a waste dump ...
They are often floating in the open seas or piling up on beaches. Plastics are dangerous to marine animals, because they may eat them or get trapped in them. Evaluate Hong Kong’s water pollution control policy as well as the effectiveness of HATS. 1. Controlling sewage discharge Under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance, factories are not allowed to release untreated sewage into the sea. The Waste Disposal Ordinance requires livestock farms to treat the livestock waste properly before it is disposed of. Livestock keeping is also banned in new towns and areas where the environment is vulnerable. . Collect and treat sewage in sewage treatment works There are a number of sewage treatment works in Hong Kong to treat sewage before discharging into the sea. The largest one is on Stonecutters Island. It is specially built for treating sewage from urban areas around Victoria Harbor. 3. Introduce sewage charges The HKSAR government introduces this according to the “polluter Pays Principle”. Those who produce sewage have to bear the cost of sewage treatment. In this way, it is hoped that people will produce less sewage. 4. Set up water control zones
In order to protect the marine waters in Hong Kong, the government has set up 10 water control zones to help reduce pollution and improve marine water quality. What other measures can be taken to improve the water quality of Hong Kong? 1. Restrict reclamation The HKSAR government wishes to protect and preserve Victoria Harbour. It has reduced the scale of reclamation projects. For example, the reclaimed area of the Central Reclamation Phase III project has been reduced from 32 to 18 hectares, a reduction of nearly 44%. Besides, a new development concept – “no reclamation” – is to be used for the Old Kai Tak area.
The Essay on Crude Oil Ocean Sewage Water
Pollution People have long used the sea as a dump for our wastes. Most of the pollution dumped into the ocean comes from human activities on land. Marine pollution is defined as the introduction into the ocean by humans of substance or energy that changes the quality of the water or affects the physical, chemical, or biological environment. There are different types of pollution. One of them is ...
