European population at outbreak of WWI (in millions):
Russia = 150
Germany = 55
Austria-Hungary = 50
United Kingdom = 45
France = 30
Italy = 25
Ottoman Empire = 20
-Germany was most powerful nation according to manpower trained for military service.
-France, Austria-Hungary, and Russia had about 4 million men who had been in uniform compared to 5 million in Germany (William II’s Kaiser Army).
1914
•June 28 – assassination of Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
•July 23 to Aug. 4 – “War Crisis” in Europe
•July 24 – AH; partial mobilization (moving of troops) begins in Austria-Hungary
•July 30 – FR; general mobilization begins in France
•Aug. 1 – GER; general mobilization begins in Germany
•Aug. 3 – German invasion of Belgium begins
•Aug. 7-16 – British Expeditionary Force landed in France
•Aug. 11 – Goeben and Breslau (German U-boats) enter the Black Sea to attack Russia.
•Aug. 21 – UK; government issues orders for raising the 1st “New Army” of six divisions of volunteers
•Aug. 24 – main German armies enter France
•Aug. 26-30 – Battle of Tannenberg: German victory in East Prussia
•Sept. 5-10 – First Battle of Marne: German advance halted
•Sept. 6-15 – Battle of the Masurian Lakes: German victory in East Prussia
•Sept. 8-12 – Battle of Luxembourg: Russians capture Austria-Hungary’s fourth largest city
The Essay on German War Austria Hungary
How Far Was Germany Responsible For The Outbreak Of WWI The outbreak of World War One was reliant on a number of factors. These include the alliance system, the sense of nationalism sweeping Europe at the time. The imperial and colonial rivalry resulted in the naval and arms race. When Germany's role in these causes is examined it is possible to come to the conclusion that Germany, whilst not ...
•Sept. 11 – UK; government issues orders for raising the 1st New Army of 6 divisions. Australian Expeditionary Force lands on the German Bismark Archipelago
•Sept. 15 – first trenches of war are dug
•Sept. 17 to Oct. 8 – “Race to the Sea” front in the west is extended to the Channel coast
•Oct. 3 – first units of Canadian and New Finland Expeditionary Forces leave North America for UK
•Oct. 12 to Nov. 11 – First Battle of Ypres: inconsequential conflict between German and Allies
•Oct. 17 – 1st units of Australian Expeditionary Force embark for France
•Nov. 1 – Russia declares war on Turkey
•Nov. 11 to early Dec. – Germans force Eastern Front further to the east
•Dec. 2 – Austro-Hungarians capture Belgrade (capital of Serbia)
•Dec. 8 – Battle of the Falkland Islands: British fleet defeats the German Pacific Squadron
•Dec. 11 – Serbians recapture Belgrade
-Eastern Front casualties due mostly to disease.
-Western Front casualties due to machine-gun fire, artillery bombardment, gas warfare
Casualties in the main campaigns and battles of 1915:
Gallipoli = 500,000
Champagne = 205,000
Winter Battle of Masuria = 140,000
Second Battle of Ypres = 95,000
Gorlice-Tarnow = 85,000
Nueve Chapelle = 23,500
1915
•Jan. 3 – gas-filled shells used by Germans for the first time on Eastern Front
•Feb. 8-22 – Winter Battle of Masuria: Germany and Austria-Hungary force Russia to retreat
•Mar. 10-13 – Battle of Nueve Chapelle: Britain and Indian offensive on Western Front captures village of Nueve Chapelle
•Mid-March – Turkish troops are redeployed on the Gallipoli Peninsula
•April 22 to May 27 – Second Battle of Ypres: German offensive on Western Front against Ypres fails to capture town
•April 22 – gas, from cylinders, first used by Germans on the Western Front
•April 24 to Jan. 9, 1916 – Allied Land Campaign against Turks on Gallipoli Peninsula
•May 2-4 – Battle of Gorlice-Tarnow: central powers break Russian line and cause Russian retreat
•May 4 to June 18 – Second Battle of Artois: French make small gain of land on the Western Front from Germans
•May 7 – German sub sinks passenger liner Lusitania
•May 9 – UK; 1st division of British New Armies leaves for France
The Term Paper on Schlieffen Plan War German Front
... - though misleading y - identified with the German western offensive at the start of the First World War in ... but as part of a systematic set-piece battle that would decide the outcome of the war. ... his defeat more difficult. None of Schlieffen's two-front exercises resulted in the complete eradication of either ... offensive had to be carried out at top speed is a myth. In the event of a British ...
•May 9-10 – Battle of Aubersridge: unsuccessful British offensive on Western Front against Germans
•May 15-25 – Battle of Festubert: unsuccessful British and Canadian offensive on Western Front against Germans
•May 22 – IT; general mobilization proclaimed in Italy
•May 23 – Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary
•July 30 – first tactical use of flare-throwers by Germans at Hooge
•Sept. – mobilization of Bulgarian army
•Sept 25 to Oct. 14 – Third Battle of Artois: French offensive on Western Front brings small gain to territory from Germans
•Sept. 25 to Oct. 6 – French offensive in Champagne: small amount of territory gained from Germans
•Sept. 25 to Nov. 4 – Battle of Loos: British offensive on the Western Front captures the town of Loos
•Oct. 1 to April 1916 – on Western Front new Fokker plane gives air superiority to Germans
1915 – GALLIPOLI
•Feb. 19 – Allied ships bombard Durdanelles
•Feb. 25 – Allies land on Turkish mainland
•March 4 – Allies meet strong resistance
•March 18 – Turks deploy six divisions
•March to Oct. – repeated statements “unsuccessful” , French finished as offensive, Hamilton (leading British) is fired and replaced by Monroe who promotes the evacuation, battle ends in January
-Casualties in the main battles in 1916:
Somme = 1,070,000
Verdun = 720,000
Passchendaele (3rd Ypres) = 470,000
Chemin des Dames = 160,000
1916
•Jan. 24 – UK; first Military Service Bill passed by House of Commons
•Feb. 21 to Dec. 18 – Battle of Verdun: unsuccessful German attack on French city of Verdun
•April 24-29 – Easter Rising of Irish Republican Brotherhood against the British in Dublin, Ireland
•April 25 – UK; second Military Service Act passed; compulsory military service extended to married men
•April 26 – in Berlin agreement is signed for transfer of wounded and sick prisoners of war to Switzerland (signed in UK on May 13)
•April 29 – Mesopotamia; Turks capture Kut and the remnants of the British invasion force
•May 31 to June 1 – Battle of Jutland: major naval battle of war between UK and Germany
•June 4 to Oct. 10 – Brusilov Offensive: Russians push back the Austria-Hungary line north of the Carpathians
The Essay on Germans Post World War Two
Great offensive by Germans (March-June). Americans' first important battle role at Ch^a teau-Thierry-as they and French stop German advance (June). Second Battle of the Marne (July-Aug. ) -start of Allied offensive at Amiens, St. Mihiel, etc. Battles of the Argonne and Ypres panic German leadership (Sept. -Oct. ). British offensive in Palestine (Sept. ). Germans ask for armistice (Oct. 4). British ...
•June 5 – start of Arab revolt against the Turks in the Hejaz
•July 1 to Nov. 19 – Battle of Somme: unsuccessful Allied attack on German lines in Somme Valley, France
•Nov. 7 – Woodrow Wilson is reelected President of the USA
•Nov. 25 – GER; German Army establishes air forces as separate military division
1917
•March 15 – Czar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates; provisional government assumes power
•April 6 – the USA enters war fighting on side of Allies
•April 16-29 – Chemin des Dames Offensive: a large-scale French offensive on the Aisne fails to break German line
•April 28- USA; congress passes bill to raise 500,000 men for US armed forces
•April 29 – FR; first mutiny by unit in French army
•June 17- Portuguese troops in action on Western Front for the first time
•July 6 – Canadian Parliament passes conscription bill
•July 31 to Nov. 10- Third Battle of Ypres (battle of the mud): unsuccessful British offensive against the German forces in Flanders
•Aug. 3 – GER; mutiny among sailors at Wilhelmshaven
•Aug. 6 – Kerensky appointed Prime Minister of Russia
•Sept. 3 – Germans capture Riga on the Baltic Coast
•Sept. 11 – UK; return to England of first party of repatriated prisoners of war
•Nov. 1 – UK; formation of Ministry of National Service
•Nov. 7 – Bolshevik Socialists in Russia overthrow the provisional government
•Nov. 16 – FR; Clemenceau becomes Premier and Minister of War
•Dec. 3 – the Bolshevik Government in Russia signs on armistice with Germany
•Dec. 6 – Finland declares independence from Russia
•Dec. 7 – USA declares war on Austria-Hungary Empire
1918
•Jan. 8 – US President Wilson publishes his 14 points as a basis for peace
•March 3 – Russia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
•March 21 – Germans launch their spring offensive on the Western Front and push back the Allied forces
•April 14 – Foch appointed commander-in-chief of Allied forces (except for Belgium army)
•May to Oct. 1919 – Allied forces intervene in the Russian Civil War
•May 7 – the Central Powers of Rumania sign peace of Bucharest
•July 16 – RUSS; ex-Czar Nicholas II and family murdered
•July 18 to Nov. 10 – Allied counteroffensive on Western Front: German forces are pushed back toward German border
The Essay on Night Germans Forced
Night The book Night, by Elie Wiesel, is an autobiography about his experiences during the Holocaust. The story takes place in the 1940's. The main characters are Elie and his father. Other characters are Elie's mother and sister. In the beginning of the book, trouble is starting around the town in which Elie lived. Eventually German soldiers come into his town. At first, they did not seem so bad. ...
•Sept. 30 – the Allies and Bulgaria conclude and armistice
•Oct. 3-4 – German government offers peace based on President Wilson’s 14 points; GER; Max von Baden replaces Hertling as character
•Oct. 4 – British and Arab forces occupy Damasons
•Oct. 14 – Turkey sends note to Wilson proposing armistice
•Oct. 16 – AH; government declares Austria-Hungary as Federal State based on nationalities (except for Kingdom of Hungary)
•Oct. 27 – AH/IT; Austria-Hungary government asks Italian government for an armistice
•Oct. 28 – German sailors mutiny at Kiel
•Nov. 3 – Austria-Hungary sues for peace with Allies
•Nov. 4-5 – antiwar and pro-Bolshevik risings in Germany
•Nov. 7 – GER; a republic is proclaimed in Bavaria
•Nov. 9 – Kaiser William II abdicates
•Nov. 11 – Allies and Germany sign armistice: fighting ends on Western Front at eleven o’ clock a. m.