Generally Tracking is the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a timely ordered sequence of respective location data to a model. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth. It uses the technique of trilateration to calculate the coordinates of the device on Earth by measuring the time taken for signals from various satellites to reach them. The coordinates are then used to locate the GPS device on a map, which is either displayed to the user or used as a basis for calculating routes, navigation, or as input into mapping programs. This can be enabled with simple devices like watches, mobiles etc fitted with a GPS receiver. The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world.
In virtual space technology, a “Tracking system” is generally a system capable of rendering virtual space to a human observer while tracking the observer’s body coordinates. For instance, in dynamic virtual auditory space simulations, a real-time head tracker provides feedback to the central processor, allowing for selection of appropriate head-related transfer functions at the estimated current position of the observer relative to the environment.
There are a myriad of tracking systems. Some are ‘lag time’ indicators, that is, the data is collected after an item has passed a point for example a bar code or choke point or gate. Others are ‘real-time’ or ‘near real-time’ like “Global Positioning Systems” (GPS) depending on how often the data is refreshed. There are bar-code systems which require a person to scan items and automatic identification systems like ‘Radio frequency identification’ (RFID auto-id).
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Contents DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 3 INTRODUCTION 3 PART A SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 3 PERSONNEL 4 EQUIPMENT 4 SPACE LAYOUT 4 PROCEDURES 4 ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM AND PROCEDURES 5 EASY TO OPERATE 5 COST EFFECTIVE 5 MANUAL, COMPUTERISED OR BOTH 5 QUALITY CONTROL 5 FINANCE 5 PART B - PLAN OFFICE ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM 6 THE OFFICE ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 6 ...
For the most part, the tracking worlds are composed of discrete hardware and software systems for different applications. That is, bar-code systems are separate from Electronic Product Code (EPC) systems, GPS systems are separate from active real time locating systems(RTLS) for example, a passive RFID system would be used in a warehouse to scan the boxes as they are loaded on a truck – then the truck itself is tracked on a different system using GPS with its own features and software
Regardless of the tracking technology, for the most part the end-users just want to locate themselves or wish to find points of interest. The reality is that there is no “one size fits all” solution with locating technology for all conditions and applications.
Application of tracking is a substantial basis for tracking system and Present Value">vehicle tracking in fleet management, asset management, individual navigation, social networking, asset management, or mobile resource management and more. Company, group or individual interests can benefit from more than one of the offered technologies depending on the context.
GPS combined with cell tower signals, wireless internet signals, Bluetooth sensors or other local Positioning Systems is used for finding the location of a mobile device using several different positioning technologies.
The “Global Positioning System (GPS)” is a satellite-based navigation system that was developed by the United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) in the early 1970s. Initially, GPS was developed as a military system to fulfill U.S. military needs. However, it was later made available to civilians, and is now a dual-use system that can be accessed by both military and civilian users. GPS provides continuous positioning and timing information, anywhere in the world under any weather conditions. Because it serves an unlimited number of users as well as it is being used for security reasons, GPS is a one-way-ranging (passive) system. That is, users can only receive the satellite signals.
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... used for storage purposes. A GPS receiver installed in your car emits a signal to these satellites. Four available satellites will be used to find ... database information on a map. 2 GPS System Tracking – Applications of GPS Tracking System The General Positioning System (GPS) tracking system is the latest breakthrough of the ...
GPS makes cumbersome activities like navigation and positioning easier. It locates your position and then starts tracing other factors like speed, bearing, tracks, trip distance, sunrise/sunset time, distance to destination and several other details. With the aid of GPS you can give a unique and specified address to every square meter on the planet. So these days GPS is finding its way into cars, planes, boats, construction equipments, smartphones, laptop computers and shoes and belts.
GPS consists, nominally, of a constellation of 24 operational satellites known as the initial operational capability (IOC).
To ensure continuous worldwide coverage, GPS satellites are arranged so that four satellites are placed in each of six orbital planes (Fig. 1).
With this constellation geometry, four to ten GPS satellites will be visible anywhere in the world, if an elevation angle of 10° is considered. As discussed later, only four satellites are needed to provide the positioning, or location, information.
GPS satellite orbits are nearly circular (an elliptical shape with a maximum eccentricity is about 0.01), with an inclination of about 55° to the equator. The semi major axis of a GPS orbit is about 26,560 km (i.e., the satellite altitude of about 20,200 km above the Earth’s surface).
The corresponding GPS orbital period is about 12 sidereal hours (~11 hours, 58 minutes).
The idea behind GPS is rather simple. If the distances from a point on the Earth (a GPS receiver) to three GPS satellites are known along with the satellite locations, then the location of the point (or receiver) can be determined by simply applying the well-known concept of resection.
A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits a microwave radio signal composed of two carriers, two codes, and a navigation message. When a GPS receiver is switched on, it will pick up the GPS signal through the receiver antenna. Once the receiver acquires the GPS signal, it will process it using its built-in software. The partial outcome of the signal processing includes
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... gives the distance to satellite. If the Earth station receiver knows the location of the single satellite and the distance the satellite is from the receiver, it knows ... shows a GPS receiver. GPS receivers convert signals received from space vehicles into position, velocity and time estimates .The GPS navigation set contains antennae, receiver, data processor ...
the distances to the GPS satellites through the digital codes (known as the pseudoranges)
satellite position at the time of message transmission through the navigation message
Theoretically, only three distances to three simultaneously tracked satellites are needed. The receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of each message and computes the distance to each satellite using the speed of light. Each of these distances and satellites’ locations define a sphere. The receiver is on the surface of each of these spheres when the distances and the satellites’ locations are correct. These distances and satellites’ locations are used to compute the location of the receiver using the navigation equations. It uses the technique of “trilateration”. This location is then displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or latitude and longitude; elevation information may be included. Many GPS units show derived information such as direction and speed, calculated from position changes.
In typical GPS operation, four or more satellites must be visible to obtain an accurate result. Four sphere surfaces typically do not intersect. Because of this we can say with confidence that when we solve the navigation equations to find an intersection, this solution gives us the position of the receiver along with accurate time thereby eliminating the need for a very large, expensive, and power hungry clock. The very accurately computed time is used only for display or not at all in many GPS applications, which use only the location. A number of applications for GPS do make use of this cheap and highly accurate timing. These include time transfer, traffic signal timing, and synchronization of cell phone base stations.
Although four satellites are required for normal operation, fewer apply in special cases. If one variable is already known, a receiver can determine its position using only three satellites. For example, a ship or aircraft may have known elevation. Some GPS receivers may use additional clues or assumptions such as reusing the last known altitude, dead reckoning, inertial navigation, or including information from the vehicle computer, to give a (possibly degraded) position when fewer than four satellites are visible.
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... ground antenna stations that broadcast signals to the satellites. The stations also track and monitor the GPS satellites. GPS receivers can be ... is being monitored using GPS receivers. Buoys tracking major oil spills transmit data using GPS. Archaeologists and explorers are ... 1998, Page 17 4. Dana, Peter H. GPS Users Overview. Available on-line at www.utexas.edu/dept/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gps 5. ...
Other uses of GPS include the determination of the user’s velocity, which could be determined by several methods. The most widely used method is based on estimating the Doppler frequency of the received GPS signal
It is known that the Doppler shift occurs as a result of the relative satellite-receiver motion. GPS may also be used in determining the attitude of a rigid body, such as an aircraft or a marine vessel. The word attitude means the orientation, or the direction, of the rigid body, which can be described by the three rotation angles of the three axes of the rigid body with respect to a reference system. Attitude is determined by equipping the body with a minimum of three GPS receivers (or one special receiver) connected to three antennas, which are arranged in a nonstraight line
Data collected at the receivers are then processed to obtain the attitude of the rigid body.
As stated earlier, GPS was originally developed as a military system, but was later made available to civilians as well. However, to keep the military advantage, the United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) provides two levels of GPS positioning and timing services: the Precise Positioning Service (PPS) and the Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
PPS is the most precise autonomous positioning and timing service. It uses one of the transmitted GPS codes, known as P(Y)-code, which is accessible by authorized users only. These users include U.S. military forces. The expected positioning accuracy provided by the PPS is 16m for the horizontal component and 23m for the vertical component (95% probability level).
SPS, however, is less precise than PPS. It uses the second transmitted GPS code, known as the C/A-code, which is available free of charge to all users worldwide, authorized and unauthorized. Originally, SPS provided positioning accuracy of the order of 100m for the horizontal component and 156m for the vertical component (95% probability level).
This was achieved under the effect of selective availability. With the recent presidential decision of discontinuing the SA, the SPS autonomous positioning accuracy is presently at a comparable level to that of the PPS
GPS consists of three segments: the space segment, the control segment, and the user segment. The space segment (Fig. 2) consists of the 24-satellite constellation. Each GPS satellite transmits a signal, which has a number of components: two sine waves (also known as carrier frequencies), two digital codes, and a navigation message. The codes and the navigation message are added to the carriers as binary biphase modulations [6].
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The design of a system varies in response to the expected audience for the perticulare application. Some systems are intended for back rooms, some for the front office, and some are for the general public. They are designed for technical users, others for end users. Some are intended to work standalone in real-time control applications, others for an environment of timesharing and pervasive ...
The carriers and the codes are used mainly to determine the distance from the user’s receiver to the GPS satellites. The navigation message contains, along with other information, the coordinates (the location) of the satellites as a function of time. The transmitted signals are controlled by highly accurate atomic clocks onboard the satellites.
The control segment of the GPS system consists of a worldwide network of tracking stations, with a master control station (MCS) located in the United States at Colorado Springs, Colorado. The primary task of the operational control segment is tracking the GPS satellites in order to determine and predict satellite locations, system integrity, behavior of the satellite atomic clocks, atmospheric data, the satellite almanac, and other considerations. This information is then packed and uploaded into the GPS satellites through the S-band link.
The user segment (Fig. 3)includes all military and civilian users. With a GPS receiver connected to a GPS antenna, a user can receive the GPS signals, which can be used to determine his or her position anywhere in the world. GPS is currently available to all users worldwide at no direct charge.
The control segment of GPS consists of a master control station (MCS), a worldwide network of monitor stations, and ground control stations (Fig. 5).
The MCS, located near Colorado Springs, Colorado, is the central processing facility of the control segment and is manned at all times.
There are five monitor stations, located in Colorado Springs (with the MCS), Hawaii, Kwajalein, Diego Garcia, and Ascension Island. The positions (or coordinates) of these monitor stations are known very precisely.
Each monitor station is equipped with high-quality GPS receivers and a cesium oscillator for the purpose of continuous tracking of all the GPS satellites in view. Three of the monitor stations (Kwajalein, Diego Garcia, and Ascension Island) are also equipped with ground antennas for uploading the information to the GPS satellites. All of the monitor stations and the ground control stations are unmanned and operated remotely from the MCS.
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The GPS observations collected at the monitor stations are transmitted to the MCS for processing. The outcome of the processing is predicted satellite navigation data that includes, along with other information, the satellite positions as a function of time, the satellite clock parameters, atmospheric data, satellite almanac, and others. This fresh navigation data is sent to one of the ground control stations to upload it to the GPS satellites through the S-band link.
In fact, it is this use which represents the simplest form of GPS tracking. Global Positioning System tracking is a method of working out exactly where something is. The user is able, using a portable GPS device, to keep a track of where they have been, in order to be able to either retrace their steps, or follow the same path again in the future.
When combined with other technologies such as GPS phones, this also gives the possibility for other users of GPS to follow in the footsteps of the initial user; which can be a useful application of GPS tracking for field activities.
Where GPS tracking comes into its own, however, is when it is combined with other broadcast technologies such as radio. GPS watches, for example, can be fitted with a GPS receiver which is capable of calculating its position, whilst also broadcasting that using a miniature radio transmitter. A GPS tracking system, again for example, may be placed in a vehicle, on a cell phone, or on special GPS devices, which can either be a fixed or portable unit. GPS works by providing information on exact location. It can also track the movement of a vehicle or person. So, for example, a GPS tracking system can be used by a company to monitor the route and progress of a delivery truck, and by parents to check on the location of their child, or even to monitor high-valued assets in transit.
The signal is relayed to a central command centre equipped with GPS software systems which can track the position of the wearer, and either store it as a path, or relay that information to a third party. That third party could be an anxious parent, or the police. In fact there are a variety of GPS phones and wristbands which are sold in conjunction with a service which enables third parties to find out where their charges are at any time of the day or night.
The GPS tracking server has three responsibilities: receiving data from the GPS tracking unit, securely storing it in database, and serving this information on demand to the user.
A GPS tracking system uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network. This network incorporates a range of satellites that use microwave signals that are transmitted to GPS devices to give information on location, vehicle speed, time and direction. So, a GPS tracking system can potentially give both real-time and historic navigation data on any kind of journey.
GPS provides special satellite signals, which are processed by a receiver. These GPS receivers not only track the exact location but can also compute velocity and time. The positions can even be computed in three-dimensional views with the help of four GPS satellite signals. The Space Segment of the Global Positioning System consists of 27 Earth-orbiting GPS satellites. There are 24 operational and 3 extra (in case one fails) satellites that move round the Earth each 12 hours and send radio signals from space that are received by the GPS receiver
The control of the Positioning System consists of different tracking stations that are located across the globe. These monitoring stations help in tracking signals from the GPS satellites that are continuously orbiting the earth. Space vehicles transmit microwave carrier signals. The users of Global Positioning Systems have GPS receivers that convert these satellite signals so that one can estimate the actual position, velocity and time. The operation of the system is based on a simple mathematical principle called trilateration. Trilateration falls into two categories: 2-D trilateration and 3-D trilateration. In order to make the simple mathematical calculation the GPS receiver must know two things. First it must know the location of the place is to be traced by at least three satellites above the place. Second, it must know the distance between the place and each of those Space Vehicles. Units that have multiple receivers that picks up signals from several GPS satellites at a same time. These radio waves are electromagnetic energy that travels at the speed of light.
A GPS tracking system can work in various ways. From a commercial perspective, GPS devices are generally used to record the position of vehicles as they make their journeys. Some systems will store the data within the GPS tracking system itself (known as passive tracking) and some send the information to a centralized database or system via a modem within the GPS system unit on a regular basis (known as active tracking) or 2-Way GPS.
A passive GPS tracking system will monitor location and will store its data on journeys based on certain types of events. So, for example, this kind of GPS system may log data such as where the device has traveled in the past 12 hours. The data stored on this kind of GPS tracking system is usually stored in internal memory or on a memory card, which can then be downloaded to a computer at a later date for analysis. In some cases the data can be sent automatically for wireless download at predetermined points/times or can be requested at specific points during the journey.
An active GPS tracking system is also known as a real-time system as this method automatically sends the information on the GPS system to a central tracking portal or system in real-time as it happens. This kind of system is usually a better option for commercial purposes such as fleet tracking or monitoring of people, such as children or elderly, as it allows a caregiver to know exactly where loved ones are, whether they are on time and whether they are where they are supposed to be during a journey. This is also a useful way of monitoring the behavior of employees as they carry out their work and of streamlining internal processes and procedures for delivery fleets.
Real-time tracking is also particularly useful from a security perspective as it allows vehicle owners to pinpoint the exact location of a vehicle at any given time. And, the GPS tracking system in the vehicle may then be able to help police work out where the vehicle was taken to if it was stolen.
GlobalPositioning System’s Tracking Unit
A “GPS tracking unit” is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other asset to which it is attached and to record the position of the asset at regular intervals. The recorded location data can be stored within the tracking unit, or it may be transmitted to a central location data base, or internet-connected computer, using a cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit. This allows the asset’s location to be displayed against a map backdrop either in real time or when analyzing the track later, using GPS tracking software.
GPS Tracking Unit Architecture
A GPS tracker essentially contains GPS module to receive the GPS signal and calculate the coordinates. For data loggers it contains large memory to store the coordinates, data pushers additionally contains the GSM/GPRS modem to transmit this information to a central computer either via SMS or via GPRS in form of IP packets. This diagram (Fig. 6) depicts hardware architecture of an advanced GPS tracker.
Types of GPS trackers
Usually, a GPS tracker will fall into one of these three categories, though most smartphones, being GPS Phones, can work in all these modes, depending on which mobile applications are installed.
Data loggers: A GPS logger (Fig. 7) simply logs the position of the device at regular intervals in its internal memory. Modern GPS loggers have either a memory card slot, or internal flash memory and a USB port. Some act as a USB flash drive. This allows downloading of the track log data for further analyzing in a computer. The tracklist or point of interest list may be in GPX, KML, NMEA or other format.
Most digital cameras save the time a photo was taken. Provided the camera clock was reasonably accurate or used GPS as its time source, this time can be correlated with GPS log data, to provide an accurate location. This can be added to the Exit metadata in the picture file. Cameras with GPS receiver built in can directly produce such a geotagged photograph.
In some Private Investigation cases, data loggers are used to keep track of a target vehicle. The PI need not follow the target so closely, and always has a backup source of data.
Data pushers: Data pusher is the most common type of GPS tracking unit, used for asset tracking, personal tracking and Vehicle tracking system.
Also known as a ‘GPS beacon’, this kind of device pushes (i.e. “sends”) the position of the device as well as other information like speed or altitude at regular intervals, to a determined server, that can store and instantly analyze the data.
A GPS navigation device and a mobile phone sit side-by-side in the same box, powered by the same battery. At regular intervals, the phone sends a text message via SMS or GPRS, containing the data from the GPS receiver. Newer GPS-integrated smartphones running GPS tracking software can turn the phone into a data pusher (or logger) device; as of 2009 open source and proprietary applications are available for common Java ME enabled phones, iPhone, Android, Windows Mobile, and Symbian.
Most 21st-century GPS trackers provide data “push” technology, enabling sophisticated GPS tracking in business environments, specifically organizations that employ a mobile workforce, such as a commercial fleet. Typical GPS tracking systems used in commercial fleet management have two core parts: location hardware (or tracking device) and tracking software. This combination is often referred to as an Automatic Vehicle Location system. The tracking device is most often hardwire installed in the vehicle; connected to the CAN-bus, Ignition system switch, battery. It allows collection of extra data, which later get transferred to the GPS tracking server, where it is available for viewing, in most cases via a website accessed over the internet, where fleet activity can be viewed live or historically using digital maps and reports.
GPS tracking systems used in commercial fleets are often configured to transmit location and telemetry input data at a set update rate or when an event (door open/close, auxiliary equipment on/off, geofence border cross) triggers the unit to transmit data. Live GPS Tracking used in commercial fleets, generally refers to systems which update regularly at 1 minute, 2 minute or 5 minute intervals, whilst the ignition status is on. Some tracking systems combine timed updates with heading change triggered updates.
GPS tracking solutions are recently being used in mainstream commercial auto insurance these are sometimes called Telematics 2.0.
Applications in Personal tracking
Law enforcement: An arrested suspect out on bail may have to wear a GPS tracker, usually an ankle monitor, as a bail condition.
Race control: In some sports, such as gliding, participants are required to carry a tracker. This allows, among other applications, for race officials to know if the participants are cheating, taking unexpected shortcuts or how far apart they are.
Espionage/surveillance: When put on a person, or on his personal vehicle, it allows the person monitoring the tracking to know his/her habits. This application is used by private investigators.
These devices are also used by some parents to track their children. The supporters claim that if cleverly used, this actually allows children more independence.
GPS personal tracking devices assist in the care of the elderly and vulnerable. Devices allow users to call for assistance and optionally allow designated caretakers to locate the user’s position, typically within 5 to 10 meters. Their use helps promote independent living and social inclusion for the elderly. Devices often incorporate either 1-way or 2-way voice communication which is activated by pressing a button or sliding a switch. Some devices also allow the user to call several phone numbers using pre-programmed speed dial buttons. Trials using GPS personal tracking devices are also underway in several countries for use with early stage dementia.
Internet Fun: Some Web 2.0 pioneers have created their own personal web pages that show their position constantly, and in real-time, on a map within their website. These usually use data push from a GPS enabled cell phone or a personal GPS tracker.
Applications in Asset tracking
Solar Powered: The advantage of some solar powered units is that they have much more power over their lifetime than battery powered units. This gives them the advantage to report their position and status much more often than battery units which need to conserve their energy to extend their life. Some wireless solar powered units, such as the Rail Rider can report more than 20,000 times per year and work indefinitely on solar power eliminating the need to change batteries.
Animal control: When put on a wildlife animal (e.g. in a collar), it allows scientists to study its activities and migration patterns. Vaginal implant transmitters mark the location where pregnant females give birth. Animal tracking collars may also be put on domestic animals, to locate them in case they get lost.
Data Pullers: GPS data pullers are also known as GPS transponders. Contrary to data pushers, that send the position of the devices at regular intervals (push technology), these devices are always-on and can be queried as often as required (pull technology).
This technology is not in widespread use, but an example of this kind of device is a computer connected to the Internet and running gpsd.
These can often be used in the case where the location of the tracker will only need to be known occasionally e.g. placed in property that may be stolen, or that does not have constant source of energy to send data on a regular basis, like freights or containers.
Data Pullers are coming into more common usage in the form of devices containing a GPS receiver and a cell phone which, when sent a special SMS message reply to the message with their location.
Other factors of gps tracking devices that need to be considered
As mentioned earlier, there are two types of GPS tracking systems currently on the market today. They are classified as “passive” and “active.”
Passive GPS Tracking
Active GPS Tracking
The Land, Air, Sea passive GPS tracking devices include the GPS Tracking Key Pro®, GPS Tracking Key and the 3100 series GPS tracking systems.
GPS Tracking Accuracy
All Land, Air, Sea GPS tracking devices, whether they are active or passive, provide locations that are accurate within 2.5 meters (roughly 6 feet).
GPS Tracking Sensitivity
Since GPS Tracking for many users is covert in nature, the tracking device needs to be manufactured in a way that maximizes GPS reception. Most traditional GPS devices need a clear view of the sky and will lose GPS reception if placed in some concealed positions. The Land, Air, Sea line of GPS tracking devices have been designed with that concern in mind. They are sensitive enough that they can be hidden in covert locations while retaining and maintaining good reception.
GPS Tracking Frequency of Sampling Points
The Land, Air, Sea passive GPS Tracking devices capture and store GPS signals including time, position, and speed once every second. Competing products capture data once every five (5) to ten (10) seconds per sampling. The second-by-second data represents a better flow of information that can be used to generate greater and more detailed reports.
GPS Tracking Power Sources
Since the majority of GPS tracking customers prefer portability from their units, it is critical for the devices to be able to manage power efficiently. All of Land, Air, Sea tracking devices provide a minimum of 20 hours of “wheels in motion” tracking. Internal sensors put the device into sleep mode when the vehicle is not in motion, which helps in extending battery life. Users of the device can expect to receive days or even weeks of tracking ability. Results will vary based on the number of hours “in motion” per day.
GPS Tracking Reliability
All Land, Air, Sea products go through extensive pre-development research and testing to ensure that our customers are purchasing products that are at the forefront of GPS tracking technology. These strict requirements have helped in establishing Land, Air, Sea as an industry leader, making our GPS tracking solutions the systems of choice, regardless of customer type.
GPS Tracking Software
Land, Air, Sea’s vehicle tracking software offers three ways to view and evaluate tracking data in a user-friendly package that will appeal to both novices and advanced computer users.
Digital street map: Gives a historical, moment-by-moment replay. Shows when and where the vehicle traveled. Screen shows animated tools, including speedometer, clock with second hand and compass.
Google Earth® satellite map: Accurately displays the driving path and stops on a satellite image.
Text activity report: Gives a daily summary, divides driving activity into segments with detailed descriptions including starting address, departure time, time en route, arrival time, miles traveled and how long the vehicle stayed at each location.
The significance of second by second data is critical in providing a comprehensive, fluid replay of any and all historical tracking data. Any device providing less than second by second recording falls short of these expectations. As an example, Land, Air, Sea ‘s Passive GPS Tracking devices are able to record 3,600 positions per driving hour whereas competing devices recording every 5 seconds, which only provides 720 positions.
Conclusion
GPS is important as it helps you to figure out where you are and where you are going when you are traveling from one place to another. Navigation and positioning are important but cumbersome activities, which GPS makes it easier. Once GPS locates your position, and then it starts tracing other factors like speed, bearing, tracks, trip distance, sunrise/sunset time, distance to destination and several other details. GPS uses ‘man-made’ stars as reference points to calculate positions accurate to a matter of meters. However, with recent forms of GPS you can make measurements much better than centimeter readings. So it is with the aid of GPS that you can give a unique and specified address to every square meter on the planet. So these days GPS finds its way into cars, planes, boats, construction equipments, smartphones, laptop computers and shoes and belts. In addition, GPS tracking system installed in the phone can greatly help an individual to get automated GPS information through their cell phones.