Now I would like to explain you something about the history of energy deals between Russia and China. Despite frequent declaration of goodwill and bilateral energy cooperation the Russian- Chinese energy relations since 1991 have been limited by mutual suspicion, pricing concerns, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and competition for influence in Eurasia. The official relationship between China and Russia has been upgraded three times since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1991. Beginning as Good-neighborly and mutually beneficial in December 1992 Evolved into constructive partnership in September 1994
Finally they formed the strategic partnership pf coordination in April 1996 The focus on energy deals has always been an important factor in their relationship building. One of the first mutual energy cooperation between Russia and China was in 1991, the construction of a nuclear power station in Lianyungangbang China. The late 90s also marked the beginning of feasibility studies for natural gas and oil pipeline projects from the east and west Siberia toward China and asia. In 2001, the Russian company Yukos proposed the Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) Oil pipeline project, which would link Yokos’s oil refinery in Angarsk to Daqing, in northern China. (my colleagues will tell you more over this project) But we must remember that at that time, rail route transportation was the only mean of transporting oil into the growing Chine market. The situation of the two countries until 90s.
The Essay on Barrels Per Day Energy Oil Artic
Skyrocketing gas prices, Middle Eastern controversy, and plans to drill for oil in the Artic, have regenerated nationwide interest in finding new ways to make the United States less dependent on fossil fuels. In Florida where there were 14. 5 million motor vehicles registered in 2003 making them the third largest energy consuming state, according to the Energy Information Administration. ...
As we all know, the Chinese economy has grown exponentially in the last three decades, starting from the 1970ties. Till the 90ties China had always been self-sufficient in energy demand. But by the mid-1990s, China could no longer remain self-sufficient in energy. Because of the extreme economic growth from this time the national energy companies of China could not satisfy the energy hungry economy of China, so they started to import energy from abroad. (China became a petroleum importer for the first time in 1993), In the beginning China looked for his energy demand more to the middle east and former Sovjet union countries like Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan. This was because of the inherently political mistrust and the competition of communism leadership in the world between Russia and China. On his turn, until the last decade , Russia’s energy infrastructure and supply was heavily focused toward Europe and Turkey. Europe is heavily dependent for its gas supplies on Russia and Europe had and has the money to pay for it. But because of the political tensions the ties between the western world and Russia is deteriorating and the West does not want to depend anymore on Russia for its Gas supplies. (may 2014 conference of Rome).
So Russia now want to diversify its supply markets and is looking more toward the East. Two reasons why Russia’s focus is going east: 1) Political tensions between Russia and West, Europe does not want to depend anymore on Russia for its gas supplies: The west knows that Russia is using its energy power as a leverage in international affairs. The Ukrainian crisis was an evidence for the West so they directly started to be less dependent on Russia. 2) Russia will face competition from Australia and US for supply of gas to the world market. The US is trying to exploit shale gas with a fracking technology and Australia is investing heavily in its untapped gas resources LNG. So because of these reasons it makes sense for Russia to rush and lock in Chinese energy demand. China’s energy demand is forecasted to increase by 75 % till 2030. So here we can see an overview of all the energy deals between China and Russia that we could find. In general the first energy deals between these two countries toke place in the late 90s when Russia started to export oil to China through rail road.
The Term Paper on Russian Model Revolution Russia China
The two totalitarian states that can be most obviously compared in terms of similarities and differences are China and Russia. During the course of this essay I will attempt to compare and contrast the individual contributory factors that led to the setting up of these Communist states. Perhaps the most important similarity between the two revolutions is the ideology, Marxism, on which they ...
Then, the negotiations about oil and gas pipelines made progress which were finally build and completed around 2010-2012. Interesting in the energy relationship between these countries is that they started quite late with big energy deals, the negotiations were not very progressive, starting with the flow of energy from Russia to China in the late 2000. the reasons as previously mentioned are political mistrust, lack of supply infrastructure and pricing issues. Concerning the pricing Russia’s seems to have issues with making deals with China, they tend to pay less than their European counterparts. Another important thing to notice is the fact that half of Russia’s oil exports to China were paid for with Chinese loans, rather than cash. This does not help the Russian cost economics. Also for the moment all deals between Russia and China have involved long term fixed-price contracts, so even when prices rose, Russia could not benefit much from them. Finally it seems that political tensions in the world have driven these two countries more toward each other. Growing economic closeness also suggest a growing political alliance. Putin is also aware that he needs China , not only as a customer but also as an investor and strategic alliance. Year Amount in $/€ Deal
2005 Oil exports 10 million tons (200,000 b/d)
2006 Oil 15 million tons (300,000 b/d)
2009 $25 billion worth of loans from China Development Bank to Rosneft and Gazprom 15 million metric tons per year (300,000 b/d) of oil for 20 years 2010 China Huadian Corporation, a Chinese state-owned enterprise and one of China’s five major power utilities, and Russia’s TGK-2, a regional utility, agreed to develop a joint power project in the Russian city of Yaroslavl. 2010 NNC Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation contracted with Russia Atomic Energy Corporation to design the third and fourth nuclear reactors at the Tianwan Nuclear Station. 2013 CNPC agreed to prepay Rosneft $60 billion for its future oil deliveries Rosneft’s first agreement was to double its shipment of oil to CNPC to 30 million metric tons per year (about 600,000 barrels per day).
The Term Paper on Oil and Gas Importance
Oil and Gas conservation and their relevance in our daily life * Oil and Gas are both very important resources in our daily life....that's why we should conserve both and make the best out of our resources,Here are some daily life conservation tips.... 1) If your just 1 or 2 people use the city bus instead it will get to where you need to go and it will burn less fuel(Eg:200 cars burn lets say ...
September 2013 CNPC agreed to purchase at least 3 million tons of LNG from the project. CNPC acquired a 20 percent interest in Novatek’s Yamal (LNG) project May 2014 +/-400b $
Natural Gas Chayanda natural gas field 38 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas per year to China starting in 2018 for 30 years. September 2013 CNPC holds a 49 percent stake, CNPC and Rosneft agreed to form a joint venture to explore for and produce oil in East Siberia, In May 2014, representatives from Europe’s biggest economies met in Rome to discuss how they could reduce that dependence. And though they agreed that it would take a long time before that dependence could be truly reduced, the turn in European sentiment away from Russia was clear That is why it began discussions with China and Japan in the early 2000s to help finance a new pipeline that could transport the Russian Far East’s oil and natural gas to Asia. Ultimately, Russia built its pipeline and did so in two phases. Begun in 2006, the first phase took three years to complete and connected its Siberian oil fields to Skovorodino. The second phase, which brought the ESPO pipeline to a new terminal near Vladivostok on the Sea of Japan, took another three years to finish.
But almost two years before construction on the second phase concluded in December 2012, the spur pipeline to Daqing was already operational. Until then, Russia transported its oil exports to China mainly over rail lines—a tedious, inefficient, and sometimes hazardous process. Therefore, Russia’s deals to lock in Chinese demand have been as much about economic necessity as they have been a response to tensions with the Wes he expansion of China’s relations with Russia to include trade in energy (and other raw materials) has given China a bit more diplomatic room for maneuver than it otherwise would have, since the West may be cautious not to push China further into Russia’s arms. China’s concern over its access to energy resources. Beijing’s approach to Chinese energy security has long prioritized access to energy resources above all other considerations China may have shifted its energy security strategy from one of self-sufficiency to diversification, but its long-time goal to ensure access to energy resources remains the same. Seen in this light, China’s interest in access to the Russian Far East’s oil and natural gas reserves is a natural extension of its energy diversification. China already imports over half of the oil it consumes, and most of that comes from the Middle East.
The Term Paper on Oil and Natural Gas: Its Effects to America and the Global Economy
Oil and natural gas have a very important role in the lives of almost all people in the world. These have been the primary source of energy that fuels the technological civilization that exists at the present. Its importance could be seen in the everyday lives of most individuals. The moment someone wakes up in the morning and read the newspaper up to the time that same person would sleep in the ...
The turmoil in that region due to the Arab Spring has only made Beijing more anxious to secure oil resources elsewhere, including Russia. Similarly, with half of its natural gas imports coming from Turkmenistan in 2012, China sees its recent agreement to import natural gas from the Russian Far East as a way to reduce its reliance on a single geographic area. Today, China needs Russian energy supply almost as much as Russia needs Chinese energy demand ut to do so, Putin is also aware that he needs China, not only as a customer, but also as an investor. Meanwhile, China’s diversification of its energy suppliers to include Russia also carries risk. Russia’s willingness to use its control over energy resources as a political lever must concern Chinese leaders.
Increasingly, Russia’s power and influence in world affairs center on its control of energy resources China became a petroleum importer for the first time in 1993, Russian energy relations since 1991 have been limited by mutual suspicions, pricing concerns, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and competition for influence in Eurasia Despite frequent declarations of goodwill and bilateral energy cooperation, Chinese-.[16]Russian leaders have expressed growing concerns regarding Chinese, Japanese and Korean settlement in the energy-rich but sparsely-populated Russian Far East as well as increased Chinese investment in and control of Russian energy ventures. China’s growing oil and gas partnerships with former Soviet Central Asian republics like Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan have also been a source of conflict, as Chinese policy makers act warily in this region given Moscow’s traditional dominant regional influence. (See references below).
Russian President Vladimir Putin has signaled the importance of oil and particularly natural gas for Russia’s emergence as a global poweGrowing Chinese investment is speculated to be about more than energy security for China. Growing economic closeness also seemed to suggest a growing political alliance. The late 1990s also marked the beginning of feasibility studies for natural gas and oil pipeline projects in Western and Eastern Siberia. This financing was reportedly secured by long-term oil delivery contracts between Rosneft and the CNPC In 2009 and 2010, China’s long-term energy-backed loans (EBL) extended large sums of capital to companies and entities not only in Russia, but also in Brazil, Ecuador, Turkmenistan and Venezuela. [Ibid]. Growing economic closeness also seemed to suggest a growing political alliance. Year Amount Deal
The Essay on Ivan The Terrible Russian Russia Nicholas
RUSSIA IN THE 1800 S Since the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the Russian Tsars had followed a fairly consistent policy of drawing more political power away from the nobility and into their own hands. This centralization of authority in the Russian state had usually been accomplished in one of two ways-either by simply taking power from the nobles and braving their opposition (Ivan the Terrible was ...
2005 Oil exports 10 million tons (200,000 b/d)
2006 Oil 15 million tons (300,000 b/d)
2006 $400 m CNPC providing state oil producer Transneft $400 million for constructing a pipeline from Skovorodino2006 $500m shares CNPC bought $500m stake in OAO Rosneft 2009 $25 billion (loans) 15 million metric tons per year (300,000 b/d) of oil for 20 years (loans from China Development Bank to Rosneft and Gazprom)
2010 Joint power project in the Russian city of Yaroslavl Corporation to design the third and fourth nuclear reactors at the Tianwan Nuclear Station. 2013 $60 billion for future oil deliveries Rosneft’s first agreement was to double its shipment of oil to CNPC to 30 million metric tons per year (about 600,000 barrels per day).
September 2013 3 million tons of LNG. CNPC acquired a 20 percent interest in Novatek’s Yamal (LNG) project September 2013 CNPC holds a 49 % stake, CNPC and Rosneft agreed to form a joint venture to explore for and produce oil in East Siberia, May 2014 +/-400b $
38 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas per year to China starting in 2018 for 30 years. Natural Gas Chayanda natural gas field As we all know the energy industry has been one of the most important sectors of economy of each country in the world. The energy industry is very heavily intertwined with politics, international affairs, environmental issues and the outcome off it has a huge impact on the civil society. Going back to the energy deals between China and Russia