Directions: Please answer each of the following questions. Ensure that your responses are at least 1-2 paragraphs in length for each question. You may include examples from the text; however, please include APA citations as necessary. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for a concise guide on APA format.
1.Describe the colonial period’s three legacies to contemporary policing. Then list and discuss two powerful trends in England and America that brought about changes in policing in both countries.
First, the colonists committed themselves to local policing. Second, the colonists reinforced that commitment by creating a theory of government called republicanism. Finally, the colonial period witnessed the onset of the theory of crime prevention. Two powerful trends in England and America brought great changes in policing in both countries in the early and mid-nineteenth century. The first being urbanization, and the second was industrialization.
2.List and describe major characteristics of the three eras of policing.
The three eras are: The political era, the reform era, and the community era. The political era was between 1840 and 1930 in which police had close ties with politicians, and there was an emphasis on making politicians happy. The reform era was from 1930-1970 it began the professional crime fighting, and police focused more on arrests. The community problem-solving era started 1970- to current, it started a partnership between police and communities.
The Essay on Community Health Assessment 2
Covering a broad area of north and central St. Louis is the Grande Prairie Area, which is bounded by St. Louis and Grand Avenue, Delmar and Kingshighway Boulevards. From a beginning as a sparsely settled countryside in the 1860's, the Grande Prairie area experienced a gradual urbanization. This build-up followed a westward trend across Grand Avenue; among many people moving into the area were ...
3.Describe August Vollmer’s contributions to policing.
August Vollmer introduced several innovative achievements in the area of police professionalism such as a code of ethics, and the requirement for higher education and specialized training, among others.
4.Discuss how Peel’s “principles” of policing are relevant to today’s police practices.
These nine principles are also called “The Peelian Principles.” They are in direct connection to modern policing, but the nine principles are cited as the basic foundation for current law enforcement organizations and community policing throughout the world.
5.Explain the 1829 “Metropolitan Police Act,” and what it provided to the history of policing.
England’s Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 resulted in a new police force and law enforcement practices that were revolutionary in the history of law enforcement. Peel drafted and introduced the Police Act in response to serious crime problems and social disorder in London in the early 1800s, and in doing so, he had to delicately balance the strong historical sense of English personal liberty with the need to prevent crime and enforce the criminal laws. Peel’s Principles, had an important historic effect on policing in America and, community policing as it was conceived and as we know it today.
6.Explain the contributions that were made to professional policing by William Parker.
Parker molded an image of a tough, competent, polite, and effective crime fighter by controlling recruitment. During the 1950s, this image made the LAPD the model for reform across the nation, thus marking the 1950s as a turning point in the history of professionalism.
7.Describe how policing was returned to its roots by the President’s Crime Commission.
The President’s Crime Commission was charged by President Lyndon Johnson to find solutions to America’s internal crime problems, including the root causes of crime, the workings of the justice system, and the hostile, antagonistic relations between the police and civilians.
8.Examine how the struggle for civil rights affected the police-community relationship.
The civil rights movement during the late 1960s and 1970s, pitted the nation’s police against many of its college-age youths and minority groups.
The Essay on Police and Law Enforcement Agencies
... Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Federal Police Department. The Federal Law Enforcement agencies rely heavily on the Interpol on matters concerning international crime such as ... religious aspects and cultural concerns (Dunoff & Trachtman, 2009). The principle of survival is based on extensive neutrality; implying that it ...
9.Describe the functions of the law enforcement agencies contained within the U.S. Department of Justice.
The agencies contained in the U.S. Department of Justice are: The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation, which there modern priorities are: 1.Counterterrorism: to neutralize terrorist cells and operatives in the United States and to help dismantle terrorist networks worldwide. 2.Counterintelligence: exposing, preventing, and investigating intelligence activities on U.S. soil; foreign espionage strikes at the heart of national security, impacting political, military, and economic strengths. 3.Cybercrime: to stop serious computer intrusions and the spread of malicious codes; to identify and thwart online sexual predators who meet and exploit children and deal in child pornography; and to dismantle criminal enterprises engaging in Internet fraud.
This is only a brief description of the duties of the FBI which also consists of investigating bank robberies, white-collar crimes, and organized crime and drug syndicates. The ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives) administers the U.S. Criminal Code provisions concerning alcohol and tobacco smuggling and diversion. The ATF is also responsible for enforcing all federal laws relating to firearms, explosives, and arson.
10.What are the agencies contained with the Department of Homeland Security, including their roles and functions?
1.The Directorate for National Protection and Programs consists of five divisions and works to advance DHS’s tisk-reduction mission. 2.The Science and Technology Directorate is the primary research and development ar of the department. 3.The office of Health Affairs coordinates all DHS medical activities to ensure appropriate preparation for and response to incidents having medical significance. 4.The Federal Emergency Management Agency Directorate prepares the nation for hazards, manages federal response and recovery efforts following any national incident, and administers the National Flood Insurance Program. 5.U.S. Customs and Border Protection is one of the largest federal law enforcement agencies.
11.What is INTERPOL and how does it function?
INTERPOL is the oldest, the best-known, and the only international crime-fighting organization for crimes committed on an international scale, such as drug trafficking, bank fraud, money laundering, and counterfeiting.
The Business plan on The Impact of Future Technology on Crime and Law Enforcement
“Policing in America today is at a crossroads as it looks towards the future, the old policing strategies are no longer suited to address the emerging threats and growth of electronic crimes arising from out of the growth and popularity of the Internet, these crimes include: online fraud, child pornography, embezzlement, economic espionage, privacy violations, computer intrusions, cyber--stalking ...
12.Discuss the Uniform Crime Reports—its methods of collecting data, purpose, and shortcomings.
One of the FBI’s several annual publications is the Uniform Crime Reports, which includes crime data reported from more than fifteen thousand state and local police agencies concerning twenty-nine type of offenses. Several shortcomings characterize the UCR data. First, the data are dependent on crimes being reported to, and by, the police; many crime victims do not report their victimization to the police, so there is the so-called shadow of crime, or those crimes that are hidden and unknown. Furthermore, the reporting system is not uniform, so crimes may be reported incorrectly or inaccurately. In addition, the UCR operates under the hierarchy rule, which means that when a number of separate crimes are committed as part of a single act, only the most serious crimes will be reported to the FBI.
13.What is the role of the National Crime Information Center (NCIC)? Discuss its purpose and application by law enforcement agencies.
The FBI also operates the National Crime Information Center, through which millions of records relating to stolen property and missing persons and fugitives are instantaneously available to local, state, and federal authorities across the U.S. and Canada.
14.This chapter described two “other” federal law enforcement agencies—the CIA and IRS. How would you describe their major roles and functions?
The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) engages in research and development and deploys high technology for intelligence purposes. After the 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., the CIA created special centers to address such issues as counterterrorism, counterintelligence, international organized crime and narcotics trafficking, and arms control intelligence. The IRS (Internal Revenue Service) has as its main function the monitoring and collection of federal income taxes from American individuals and businesses.
15.Describe the primary functions and organization of state law enforcement agencies.
state police organizations perform general law enforcement functions and are engaged in patrol, traffic control, crash investigation, and related functions.
The Essay on Law Enforcement: Federal, State, And Local Policing
... markets” (United States Drug Enforcement Agency, 2015). Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP): is a United States federal law enforcement agency. “They are a ... and janitors. In effect, they ensured that the courts functioned smoothly” (U.S. Marshall’s Service, 2015). The Department ... types of law enforcement agents may take an interest in your actions. If a federal crime involves federal law, federal ...
PART II: JOURNAL ACTIVITY
Review the website of any large law enforcement agency (e.g., a large city police department, large county sheriff’s office, state police agency or a large federal law enforcement agency) and write a 200-400 word essay (1-2 pages, 12-point font, double spaced) about the history of the agency and how it has grown to its current level of resources and divisions.
The TBI (Tennessee Bureau of Investigation) was created as a result of a highly publicized murder that occurred in Greene County in December of 1949. The heinous crime aroused the emotions of citizens throughout the region. In an address to the Tennessee Press Association in January of 1951, John M. Jones, Sr., publisher of the Greenville Sun, called for the creation of an unbiased state agency to assist local law enforcement in the investigation of serious crimes. The Tennessee Press Association became intensely involved in the project. Mr. Jones was named chairman of a committee to work with the General Assembly, which was then in session. A bill was passed shortly thereafter, and Gov. Gordon Browning signed it into law on March 14, 1951. The entity created was called the Tennessee Bureau of Criminal Identification.
At its inception the Bureau was housed within the Department of Safety and functioned as the Department’s “plainclothes” division. On March 17, 1980, following a series of legislative hearings, the organization was re-established as an independent agency and renamed the TBI.
Since that time, the Bureau has grown significantly, and continues to meet the demands of providing up-to-date investigative, forensic science and crime information services as well as support Tennessee’s entire criminal justice system.