” ALMOST ALL CAUSES OF COMA “
SaDAM RENTs HIV S: Systemic Infections e.g. Pneumonia, UTI, Wound Infections D: Drugs e.g. sedatives, antipsychotics. A: Alcoholic withdrawal i.e. Delirrium tremens M: Metabolic e.g Hypoglycemia, HONC, DKA, Hypokalemia, renal failure R: Raised ICP e.g Tumor, T.B E: Epilepsy e.g Post iceric phase N: Nutritional e.g Thiamine (Wernicke’s korasakoff’s encephalopathy? T: Trauma e.g head injury
H: Hypoxia e.g respiratory failure I: Intracranial Infections e.g. meningitis, encepalitis, HSV encephalitis V: Vascular e.g Stroke, Myocardial Infarction It really works when u r in A & E and pateint is lying down ahead of you for differential diagnosis and also in WARD ROUNDS when professor expects bulk of causes from you. There are about 30 causes and more…..Thanks
5 T’s of early cyanosis 5 T’s of early cyanosis
Tetralogy, Transposition, Truncus, Total anomalous, Tricuspid atresia
acute porphyria syndrome 5p,s
pain abdomen polyneuropathy psychological symptoms pink urine precipitated by drugs (barbiturates, ,sulpha drugs)
ADDISONS
ADDISONS DISEASE Autoimmune (90%), Amyloidosis DIC (Meningococcaemia) Destruction by CA, Infection, vascular insufficiency Iatrogenic Sarcoidosis, granulamatous infection – TB O- hypotension, hupOnatremia, hypoglycemia Nelson’s syndrome Schilder’s Disease
6 S’s for Stable angina: Sudden onset Substernal Spreads to arm Squeezing in character Short duration Sublingual nitroglycerin relieves pain
The Term Paper on Nosocomial Staph Infection
... food poisoning. There are many manifestations of Staph infections. Infections produce pus-filled pockets (abscesses) below the ... mothers, endocarditis, bacteremia or a blood infection, nosocomial infections of surgical wounds, infections associated with indwelling medical devices, ... risk of staph infection is highest in newborns, women who are breastfeeding, intravenous drug users, people with ...
4 R’s of Unstable Angina Recent onset Resistant ( progressive) Rest angina Recurrent ( in early post infarction period )
Anion Gap Acidosis
text Causes of High Anion Gap Acidosis M-methanol ingestion U-uremia D-diabetic ketoacidosis P-paraldehyde I-INH/Iron poisoning L-Lactic acidosis E-ethylene glycol poisoning S-starvation/saicylate poisoning
Aortic stenosis
SAD seen in Aortic stenosis S= Syncope A= Angina D=Dyspnoea (congestive heart failure)
Argyl Robertson Pupil (ARP)
Argyl Robertson Pupil (ARP) ARP= Afferent reflex present Opposite> PRA=pupillary reflex absent
argyll robertson pupil
arp-accomodation retained pupil
saints triad
hiatus HERnia, GAll stones Diverticulosis
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
Sign of neurosyphilis “ARP” – Accommodation Reflex Present, but Pupillary Reflex Absent (“PRA” – “ARP” backwards).
Asking Hx questions of any sort of PAIN
S.R.I.D.O.C Seniour Registrar I’m D O C(Doctor) S: Site of Pain R: Radiation I: Intensity D: Duration of pain O: Onset C: Character
Asthma Treatment on TIPS
Asthma treatment is also ASTHMA…….. A: Albuterol (Beta 2 agonists) S: Steriods T: Theophylline H: Humidified O2 M: Magnessium A: Antileukotrine receptor antagonists
Asystole
“3 Hypo’s & 3 Hyper’s” Hypoxia Hypothermia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hyper H+ (acidosis) Hyper Rx (drugs)
Atrial Fibrillation & HOCM treatment
treatment of AF is: Acute: DBVAD Digoxin, B-blocker Verapamil Amiodarone Dc-shock Chroic AF: DBAA Digoxin B-blocker Amiodarone
Anti coagulation HOCM :BVAAD B-blocker Verapamil Amiodarone Anti coagulate Dual-Chamber pacing
Autonomic Cranial Nerves
3th–> Oculomotor 7th–>Facial 9th–> Gossopharyngeal 10th–>Vagus All carry parasympathetic supply
Autosomal dominant conditions
A – Adult polycystic kidney disease D – Dystrophia myotonica von williebran’s Disease O – Osteogenesis imperfecta M – Marfan’s syndrome I – Intermittent porphyria
Research Paper on Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of the lining of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea and even malnutrition. Inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people. The inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease often spreads deep into the layers of ...
N – Neurofibromatosis A – Achondroplasia N – Noonan’s syndrome T – Tuberous sclerosis Hs Hypercholestrolemia Huntington’s chorea HOCM Hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary non polyposis coli Hereditary Heamorrhagic telengiectasia
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDERS
text At Government College She Will Pee…… that is
A: Alpha 1 trypsin deficiency T: Tay-sachs disease G: Galactossemia C: Cystic Fibrosis S: Sickle cell disease He: Hemochromatosis Wil: Wilson’s Disease Pee: Phenylkaptunria Good cram for exam….. & most of Glycogen storage diseases are Autosomal Recessive……..
Back pain causes
DISK MASS (since near vertebral disc): Degeneration (DJD, osteoporosis, spondylosis) Infection (UTI, PID, Pott’s disease, osteomyelitis, prostatitis)/ Injury, fracture or compression fracture Spondylitis (ankylosing spondyloarthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, Reiters, SLE) Kidney (stones, infarction, infection) Multiple myeloma/ Metastasis (from cancers of breast, kidney, lung, prostate, thyroid) Abdominal pain (referred to the back)/ Aneurysm Skin (herpes zoster)/ Strain/ Scoliosis and lordosis Slipped disk/ Spondylolisthesis
balint syndrome
O.O.P.S Occular ataxia Occular agnosia Prosopagnosia Simultagnosia
Basilar Lung Disease
Bad Rash: Basilar Lung Disease Bronchiectasis, BOOP Aspiration Drugs Rheumatoid Asbestosis Scleroderma Hamman-Rich
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy “Please Helen, Lick My Popsicle Stick.” Primary TB Histoplasmosis Lymphoma Metastases Pneumoconiosis Sarcoidosis
Brain stem Syndromes
Brain Stem Strokes Woh Chale Bina Nahaye Par Mila Apko Jackson Wallenberg Cranial Nerve W – Weber III C – Claude III B – Benedicts III N – Nothnagel III P – Prinaud M – Millard-GublerV VII (VI)
A – Avellis X J – Jackson X, XII W – Wallenberg V, VI, IX, X
causes for exacerbation of CHF
FAILURE: Forgot medication Arrhythmia/ Anaemia Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection Lifestyle: taken too much salt Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism Renal failure Embolism: pulmonary
causes for raised JVP
HOLT: Heart failure Obstruction of venea cava Lymphatic enlargement supraclavicular Intra-Thoracic pressure increase
The Essay on What is Heart Disease?
By: Kristy Haugen The term heart disease is a very broad term. Problems can arise within the heart muscle, arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle, or the valves within the heart that pump blood in the correct direction. Understanding the differences between each disease of the heart can help with the confusing applications of the term heart disease. Coronary artery disease or CAD is the ...
Causes of a bounding pulse
A BAD FAT CHAP causes of a bounding pulse: Aortic regurgitation Berry Berry Anaemia Ductus arteriosus Fever A-V malformation Thyrotoxicosus Cirrhosis Hypercapnia arteriousus (truncus arteriosus) Pregnancy and Padgets
Causes of A-Fib/Flutter
For Causes of A-Fib/Flutter: H= cHf, other cardiomyopathies E= Enlargement of the atria A= Alcohol binge drinking R= Rheumatic heart disease T= hyperthyroid
CAUSES OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS
“GET SMASH’D” Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune(PAN), Scorpion bites, Hyperlipidemia, Drugs(azathioprine, diuretics)
causes of albuminocytological disassociation
causes of albuminocytological disassociation FAG F-FROIN’S LOCULATION SYNDROME A-ACOUSTIC NEUROFIBROMA G-GUILLIAN BARRE SYNDROME
causes of bounding pulse
A BAD FAT CHAP Aortic regurgitation Beri beri Anemia Ductus arteriosus Fever Av malformation Thyrotoxicosis Cirrhosis Hypercapnia Arteriosus ( truncus) Pregnancy Paget’s disease
Causes of COMA
C O M A: (C ranial, O verdose, M etabolic, A
lcohol) C ranial: (head injury, CVA, infection, SOL etc) O verdose: (tranquilizers, opiates etc) M etabolic: (HYPOglycemia, HYPOthyroidism, HYPOadrenalism, HYPOpituitarism, HYPOnatremia etc) A lcohol: (alcohol excess
Causes of eosinophilia
NAACP: Neoplastic Asthma Allergic processes Collagen vascular disease Parasites
causes of high anion gap
Remember this as=KILLER-FACIDOSIS K-KETOACIDOSIS -DIABETIC -ALCOHOLIC -STARVATION I-INGESTED TOXINS -SALISYLIIC ACIDS
-METHANOL -ETHELENE GLYCOL(ANTI FREEZE) LL-LACTIC ACIDOSIS E-ETHELENE GLYCOL(ANTI FREEZE) R-F=RENAL FAILURE(ACUTE & CHRONIC)
Causes of High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis = “MULES PAK” Methanol Uraemia Lactic Acidosis Ethanol Salicylate Paracetamol Alcoholic Ketosis -DKA
-Starvation -Alcohol
CAUSES OF HUGE SPLEENOMEGALY
The Miny Man Growing Plan T:Thalassemia M:mylofibrosis M:Malria G:gaoucher’s disease in children P:Portal HyperTension
The Term Paper on The Cursing Disease Tourette Syndrome
The Cursing Disease Tourette Syndrome was named for George Gilles de la Tourette, who first discovered the syndrome in 1885. Today there is still a mystery surrounding the disorder, it's causes and it's cures. But one of the biggest mysteries is an associated behavior called coprolalia. This symptom is the uncontrolled swearing or socially unacceptable utterances that some with Tourettes ...
causes of hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia u remember —-“SHAMPOO DIRT” —-S – Sarcoidosis H – Hyperparathypoidism, Hyperthyroidism A – Alkali-milk syndrome M – Metastases, myeloma
P – Paget disease O – Osteogenesis imperfecta O – Osteoporosis D – Vitamin intoxication I – Immobility R – RTA T – Thiazides
Causes of Osteoperosis
A lcohol C orticosteroids C alcium (low intake) E ostrogen deficiency S moking S edentary Lifestyle
Causes of painful hepatomegaly
Causes of painful hepatomegaly(We HAVe Cardiac failure) Weil’s disease Hepatoma
Actinomycosis of liver, amoebiasis(hepatic), Abscess of liver(pyemic) Viral hepatitis Cardiac failure
CAUSES OF REDUCED INTESTINAL MOTILITY
PAD P-PARKINSONISM A-AMYLOIDOSIS D-DIABETES
Causes of spider nevi
Causes of Spider Nevi(Pregnant woman wants CAR, TV,
Children) Pregnancy Cirrhosis Alcoholics Rheumatoid arthritis Thyrotoxicosis Viral hepatitis Children- may occur normally sometimes
Ca causes of splenomegaly
CHICAGO causes of splenomegaly: Cancer Haematological malignancy Infection Congestion (portal hypertension) Autoimmune Glycogen storage disease Other (amyloidosis)
Causes of ST Elevation:
“ELEVATION” E lectrolytes L BBB E arly Repolarization V entricular hypertrophy A neurysm T reatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis) I njury (AMI, contusion) O sborne waves (hypothermia) N on-occlusive vasospasm
causes of tetany
CRAMPs C- hypoCalcemia R – Respiratory alkalosis A – Acidosis metabolic M – hypoMagnesemia P – Porphyria
causes of upper lung fibrosis
SHEATS-C S-SILICOSIS H-HISTOCYTOSIS E- EXTRENSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLOITIS A-ANKYOLISING SPONDYOLITIS S-SARCIDOSIS C- COAL WORKER PNEUMONITIS
CELEIAC DISEASE/GLUTEN SENSITIVE ENTROPATHY
FOODS TO BE AVOIDED IN GLUTEN SENSITIVE ENTROPATHY…. remember this by BROW B=Barley R=Rye
O=Oat W=Wheat
Cerebellar arteries occlusion
SCA—>AHDH MCA (AICA)—>AHDH+5,7,8 ICA (PICA)—>AHBH+V+9,10 Superior cerebral artery occllusion A Ataxia H Horner’s D Deafness H Contralateral hemihyposthesia (Face+Body ipsilateral) Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (AICA)
The Essay on Cognitive Approach Therapy People Fear Syndrome
Do you have a friend or relative that has problems with their boyfriend or girlfriend, wife or husband These types of relationships are very common in society. Lots of couples are together for all the wrong reasons. Some of the reasons are attraction, money, lonely, family, friends, and blind love. For example, your friend has been going out with a very beautiful lady for one year. Every time you ...
A Ataxia H Horner’s D Deafness H Contralateral hemihyposthesia (Face ipsilateral+Body contralateral) 5,7,8 Cranial nerves ipsilateral Inferior Cerebellar Artery occlusion Posterior Inferior Cerebellar (PICA)=Lateral Medullary Syndrome A Ataxia H Horner’s B Bulbar H Hemihypothesia, pyramidal signs contralateral + loss pain temperature over face ipsilateral
cerebellar lesion-clinical features
DANISH——D–dysdiadochokinesia/ dysmetria dysnergy deviated(skew) eye movement A–Ataxia N–Nystagmus I–Intention tremor S–stacatto/scanning speech H—Hypotonia
Cerebellar signs…
Cerebellar signs PINARD’S: Past pointing Intention tremor Nystagmus Ataxia Rebound Dysdiadokinesia
Slurred speech [Note: If you haven’t done Obs yet, a Pinard’s is for listening to a baby’s heart on mother’s abdomen]
channelopathies
text CA+2: text – FHEMS F – familial hemiplegic migraine H – hypokalemic periodic paralysis E – episodic ataxia type 2 M – malignant hyperthermai S – spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 text NA+:text – PNH P – paramyotonia congenita N – normokalemic periodic paralysis H – hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
text Cl:text – GMC G – generalised myotonia (becker) MC – myotonia congenita (thompson) text K+:text – DEAN D – deafness (autosomal dominant) EA – episodic ataxia type 1 N – neonatal convulsions (familial benign) NOTE: add a down arrow in H of FHEMS to indicate HYPOkalemic to remember episodic ataxia: type text 2text is a calcium channelopathy cos calcium is Ca+text 2text
Chronic Gastritis
Type A – 4A:Autoimmune Autoantibodies Anaemia Achlorhydria Type B – Bug:H.pylori
CI of Hemodialysis
ContraIndications of Hemodialysis= B.D.O.K B=benzodiazepines D=digoxin O=organophosphorus K=kerosene
clinical features of cirrhosis JAB HO PECE
CLINICAL FEATURES OF CIRRHOSIS CAN B NAMED AS:Jaundice Ascites Bleeding disorders Hemorrhage Others Portosystemic hypertension Endocrine disturbances Circulatory changes Ence4phalopathy
The Essay on Understanding People with Tourettes Syndrome
Can you imagine sitting in class everyday of your life worrying about whether or not you were going to “explode” with noises and movements that you cannot control. A person with Tourrette's Syndrome (TS) experiences this everyday of their life. Trying to control yourself from constant twitching of your mouth, jerking your head or breaking out yelling seems so easy to a person without TS. It's just ...
CLOWNS
Turners Syndrome Mnemonic – CLOWNS Cardiac – Coarctation of Aorta, Aortic stenosis, Bicuspid aortic valve, Aortic dissection (cystic medial necrosis) Lymphedema – due to poor lymphatic drainage
O steoporosis, streak Ovary, Others-hypogonadism, horseshoe kidney W ebbed neck, W ide spaced nipples N ormal IQ S hort Stature
CLOWNS = Turners Syndrome
CLOWNS stands for the important points about Turners Syndrome. C = Cardiac Abnormality; COARCTATION L = Lymphedema (due to poor lymphatics) O = Ovaries not developed = amenorrhoea/sterility W = Webbed Neck N =Nipples widely spaced S=SHORT STATURE
clubbing makes you CRAP
clubbing makes you CRAP Cardiac Respiratory Abdominal Paternal (familial)
coaguation factors
SWEPT Seven factor warfarin Extrinsic system PT- follow warfarin by PT
Cranial Nerves
On (Olfactory) Occassion (Optic) Of (Occulomotor) The (Trochlear) Trip (Trigeminal) Attractive (Abducens) Faces (Facial) Are (Auditory/Vestibulocochlear)
Greatly (Glossopharyngeal) Valued (Vagus) After (Accessory Spinal) Huniting (Hypoglossal)
crf with normal size kidneys
o adam!!! O bstructive uropathy A myloidosis D iabetic nephropathy A DPKD M ultiple myeloma
Criteria for Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
ESCAPE A E-Eosinophilia S-Skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen C-Central bronchiectasis A-Asthma P-Pulmonary infiltrates
E-Elevated serum IgE levels A-Antibodies to Aspergillus antigen
DASA – ” the slaves of Tuberous sclerosis”
Tuberous Sclerosis DASA – “The Slaves or features” the letters in the WORD DASA AD, they stand for Autosomal Dominant D – Depigmented Nevi A – Ash-Green Macules S – Shagreen Patches A – Adenoma Sebaceum
DD of HEMOPTOSIS
BATTLE CAMP
B:Bronchitis, Bronchiectisis A:Aspergillosis T:TB T:TU L:Lung abscess E:Empolism(PE) C:Cocain use A:AVM M:Mitral stenosis P:Pnemonia
DD of WEIGHT LOSS
WEIGHT W:Westergreen elvation due to CTD E:Endocrine eg.DM I:Infection G:GI H:Head eg.depression T:TU
Descending motor paralysis
B: Botulinism D: diptheria toxin O: pOliomyelitis
Diagnostic criteria for Neurofibromatosis type 1 FAT CLONe Diagnostic criteria for Neurofibromatosis type 1. Any 2 of: F – family history A – axillary freckling T – thinning of long bone cortex C Cafe au lait spots (4+) L – Lisch nodules O Optic Glioma Ne- neurofibromas (2+) diffrential diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis Anxiety Rickets Tumour Haematological malignancies Reactive Arthritis Immune e.g.sle Trauma Injury non accidental
Sepsis THE WORD BECOMES ARTHRITIS Diseases associated with coeliac diaeases Posted by Voltron on 14-Jun-2005 598 people have seen this mnemonic. text MISS. DOWN & MISS sJOGREN HAS PUD M YAESTHENIA GRAVIS I NFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE S PLEENIC ATROPHY S ARCOIDOSIS D OWN’S SYNDROME M ICROSCOPIC COLITIS I gA DEFICCIENCY S MALL BOWEL CARCINOMA S QUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF OESOPHAGUS s JOGREN’S SYNDROME P RIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS,PRRNICIOUS ANAEMIA,PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY U LCERATIVE JEJUNITIS D ERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
Diseases which are inherited due to increased maternal age. Posted by BRAVO on 13-Jan-2006 295 people have seen this mnemonic. MAN
M-Marfan’s syndrome A-Achondroplasia N-Nwurofibromatosis
DM complication Posted by DRSUNDAY on 14-Sep-2005 525 people have seen this mnemonic. KANGIROOS K koma hypo or hyper. A angiopathy N neuropathy G gangrene I infection R renal pathology. O oculopathy O obstetric complication. S skin problems.
Drugs causing Acute Intermittent Porphyria Posted by banashankari on 20-Jul-2006 137 people have seen this mnemonic. BOOST CHAP
B-Barbiturates O-Oral hypoglycemic durgs O-OCPS S-Sulphonamides T-Tetracyclines
C-Chloramphenical H-Halothane A-Alcohol P-Pentozocin
Drugs causing Interstitial Nephritis Posted by kumar123 on 30-Apr-2004 1240 people have seen this mnemonic. Medicines Causing Nephritis R Catastrophic; So Avoid Them iF Possible.
Methicillin( penicillins) Cephalosp NSAIDs Rifampicin Ciprofloxacin Sulfonamides Allopurinol Thiazides Frusemide Phenindione
drugs causing myopathy Posted by drpsg on 26-Sep-2006 117 people have seen this mnemonic. text c: cocaine ,chloroquine and hydroxychloroqquine. L: lipid lowering fibrates ,statins,niacin A: alocohol,amiodarone P: penicillamine,phencyclidine and prednisolone(all steroinds)
Z:zidovudine
Drugs Safe In Porphyria Posted by dr_neo on 13-Jan-2006 355 people have seen this mnemonic. text SPINA BAG S : STREPTOMYCIN P : PENICILLIN & DERIVATIVES I : INSULIN N : NARCOTICS A : ATROPINE B : BROMIDE A : ACETAMINOPHEN G : GLUCOCORTICOIDS
drugs that cause pseudo tumor cerebri Posted by draditya on 19-Apr-2006 278 people have seen this mnemonic. text ll-Amiodarone
text irls-glucocorticoids text ry-tetracyclines text ale-mineralocorticoids text ormones-hypervit.A text rally-OCPs
Duchene and Becker muscular dystrophy Posted by infected_antibiotic on 18-Apr-2006 336 people have seen this mnemonic. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) : “D”oesn’t “M”ake “D”ystrophin. Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): “B”adly “M”ade “D”ystrophin (a truncated protein).
e-ELASTIC Posted by king75 on 13-Jan-2006 242 people have seen this mnemonic. text Causes of Non pitting edematext
e -ELASTIC e=endocrinal : Myxedema E=Erysipelas and necrotising fasciitis L=Lymphedema A=Angioedema S=Systemic Sclerosis T=Turners Syndrome (due to poor Lymph development) I=Infection ;-cutaneous anthrax(localised); enteroviral infection C=Chronic inflammatory and chronienous stasis
Eosinophilia Posted by shrilata on 22-Apr-2004 1201 people have seen this mnemonic. Eosinophilia “NAACP” N eoplasm A llergy A ddison’s C irrhosis, CVD P arasite (visceral larva migrans), Periarteritis nodosa
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Posted by shrilata on 22-Apr-2004 1179 people have seen this mnemonic. Erectile Dysfunction (ED) “Very Nervous People Hesitate and Disappoint” V ascular N eurologic P sychogenic H ormonal D rugs
errata..it was i/v NOT i/m Posted by anavrin_kaerf on 25-Aug-2006 48 people have seen this mnemonic. my previous mnenomic…a typing mistake..it was i/v NOT i/m drugs… not a mnemonic in d real sense…. HARD GLAD hydrocortisone adrenaline
rantac dexamathsone gentamycin lasix(brand name of furosemide) atropine deriphylline
Etiology of Transudate… Posted by zorro on 04-Aug-2006 142 people have seen this mnemonic. Nigerian Prime Minister’s Private Secretary Caught Minting US Currency. – Etiology of Transudate pleural Effusion Nephrotic syndrome, Pulmonary embolism ,Malnutrition, Peritoneal Dialysis,SVC obstruction, Cirrhosis, Myxoedema, Urinothorax, CCF False +ve VDRL Posted by pappal on 29-Jul-2006 99 people have seen this mnemonic. VDRL V-Viruses(mononucleosus,hepatitis)
D-Drugs R-Rheumatic fever;Rheumatic arthritis L-Lupus;Leprosy
First Pay The Cash Promptly & Purchase A Christmas Surprise Present for Husband & Family Posted by zoom007 on 21-Dec-2005 504 people have seen this mnemonic. the capital letters stand for clotting factors in that order 1]F-fibrinogen 2]P-prothrombin 3]T-tissue thromboplastin 4]C-calcium 5]P-proaccelerin 7]P-proconvertin 8]A-antihaemophillic factor 9]C-christmas factor 10]S-stuart -power factor 11]P-PTA 12]H-hageman factor
13]F-fibrin stabilising factor there is no factor 6
general physical examination Posted by kano on 19-Oct-2006 40 people have seen this mnemonic. PICKLE P-pallor I-icterus C-cyanosis C-clubbing L-lymphadenopathy E-edema Glasgow coma scale Posted by RxPG on 01-Mar-2004 2207 people have seen this mnemonic. How to remember the basic framework of the Glasgow coma scale? Eye opening: 4 eyes (glasses) Motor: 6 cylinder engine Verbal: Jackson 5
Gives you a total of 15. (A brick has a GCS of 3)
GPI Posted by jagatra on 18-Mar-2006 248 people have seen this mnemonic. GENERAL PARESIS OF THE INSANE, seen in Tertiary Syphillis Disorders of P=Personality A=Affect R=Reflexes(Hyperactive) E=Eye(Argyll Robertsons Pupil) S=Sensorium I=Intellect S=Speech
granulomatous vasculitis Posted by trinity on 23-Oct-2005 338 people have seen this mnemonic. Mnemonic: GreaT Wall of China
G: giant cell arteritis T: Takayasu’s W: wegener’s C: churg strauss
H.pylori – drug therapy Posted by drraman on 13-Nov-2005 536 people have seen this mnemonic. Drugs used in the treatment of H.pylori COMBAT C – Clarithromycin O – Omeprazole M – Metronidazole B – Bismuth subsalicylate A – Amoxicillin T – Tetracycline
H.pylori treatment regimen Posted by Vagus on 20-Jul-2006 141 people have seen this mnemonic.
“Please Make Tummy Better”: Proton pump inhibitor Metronidazole Tetracycline Bismuth · Alternatively: TOMB: Tetracycline Omeprazole Metronidazole Bismuth
hemianopia Posted by raybeiz on 17-Aug-2006 119 people have seen this mnemonic. Superior and Inferior quadrantopias STIP= Superior, Temporal lesion Inferior, Parietal lesion
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Posted by shrilata on 22-Apr-2004 1437 people have seen this mnemonic. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
“JARS” J oints A bdominal pain R enal S kin
Hepatotoxic Poisons Posted by poison96 on 13-Jan-2006 301 people have seen this mnemonic. Chloroform,Ccl4-Centrilobularnecrosis Phosphorus-Peripheral necrosis
HLA B-27…… Posted by doctorsam_1 on 14-Jun-2005 846 people have seen this mnemonic. HLA B-27 is associated with 1]psoriatic arthritis……………..PLEASE 2]reactive arthritis…………….REFER(yersinia;salmonella;gonococci) 3]ankylosing spondy…………..A 4]reiter syndrome………….RESEARCH 5]juvenile rheumatoid arthritis..JOURNAL
HORNER’S SYNDROME Posted by dhaneshvijayan on 03-Sep-2006 126 people have seen this mnemonic. Horner’s Syndrome : Components M Miosis A Anhidrosis P Ptosis L Loss of Ciliospinal reflex E Enophthalmos HORNERS SYNDROME Posted by drkgururaj on 03-Nov-2005 623 people have seen this mnemonic. text REMEMBER AS MAPLE M=MIOSIS A=ANHYDROSIS P=PTOSIS L=LOSS OF CILIARY REFLEXES E=ENOPHTHALMOUS
Hospitalization criteria for pneumonia
Posted by Vagus on 20-Jul-2006 66 people have seen this mnemonic. ABCD: Age greater than 60 Blood urea greater than 7 mmol/l Confusion Diastolic BP less than 60 mmHg ·Hospitalise the pneumonia patient if 2 or more of these criteria are met.
HSP:CLINICAL FEATURES Posted by letu on 22-Aug-2005 505 people have seen this mnemonic. H:HEMATURIA;S:SKELETALPOLYARTHRITIS;P;1:palpable purpura;2:pain abdomen Hypercalcemia Posted by shrilata on 22-Apr-2004 1607 people have seen this mnemonic. Hypercalcemia “SHAMPOO DIRT” S arcoidosis
H yperparathypoidism, Hyperthyroidism A lkali-milk syndrome M etastases, Myeloma P aget disease O steogenesis imperfecta O steoporosis vitamin D toxicity I mmobility R TA T hiazides
HYPERTHYROIDISM Posted by dharsh on 21-Mar-2006 393 people have seen this mnemonic. signs and symptoms of hyperTHYROIDISM
TREMOR HEART RATE UP YAWNING(FATIGUED) RESTLESSNESS OLIGOMENORRHEA/AMENORRHEA INTOLERANCE TO HEAT DIARRHEA IRRITABILITY
SWEATING MUSCLE WASTING/WEIGHT LOSS HYPERTHYROIDISM Posted by dharsh on 21-Mar-2006 325 people have seen this mnemonic. signs and symptoms of hyperTHYROIDISM TREMOR HEART RATE UP YAWING(FATIGUED) RESTLESSNESS OLIGOMENORRHEA/AMENORRHEA IRRITABILITY DIARROHEA INTOLERANCE TO HEAT SWEATING MUSCLE WASTING/WEIGHT LOSS
Hypokalemia Posted by punki1510 on 14-Jun-2005 945 people have seen this mnemonic. CADBURI Le K Loss Conns Cushings
Alports Alkalosis Diuretics(Loop) Barter B-agonist U-wave(on ECG) RTA 1&2 (Hyperkalemia in RTA 4) Insulin Licorice
/m drugs Posted by anavrin_kaerf on 20-Aug-2006 95 people have seen this mnemonic. not a mnemonic in d real sense…. HARD GLAD hydrocortisone adrenaline rantac dexamathsone gentamycin lasix(brand name of furosemide) atropine deriphylline
INDICATIONS OF TOE( TRANSOESOPHAGEAL ECHO) Posted by deborah on 29-Oct-2005 494 people have seen this mnemonic. ” PICA ” P- PROSTHETIC VALVE DYSFUNCTION I- INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS C- CARDIAC SOURCE OF EMBOLISM A- AORTIC DISSECTION
Inflammatory diarrhoea Posted by manasi33 on 18-Jul-2006 78 people have seen this mnemonic. causative organisms for inflammatory diarrhoearemember – Yersinia (a girl’s name) is Smart, SEC-C (sexy), Vibrant Person! so the organisms areYersinia enterocolitica Smart- salmonella spp S- shigella dysentriae type 1
E- E.coli– enteroinvasive and enterohaemorrhagic C- campylobacter jejuni C- clostridium difficile Vibrant Personality (VP) -Vibrio parahemolyticus.
INH(isoniaside) complications Posted by abdoel-sayed on 09-Nov-2005 503 people have seen this mnemonic. INH complications =INH I= Intestinal upset N= Neuritis (peripheral neuritis,trated by vit.B6) H=Hepatic toxicity Interstitial Lung Disease Posted by tegs on 05-May-2004 901 people have seen this mnemonic. Sarcoid Histiocytosis X Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Tumor (Lymphangitic)
Failure Asbestosis (and other dusts) Collagen Vascular Disease Environmental dusts (organic – farmer’s lung, inorganic – silica, coal) Drug
John’s: major criteria Posted by see on 18-Feb-2004 1371 people have seen this mnemonic. ACNES: Arthritis Carditis Nodule (subcutaneous) Erythrema marginatum Sydenham chorea
Jones criteria Posted by dockohli on 12-Sep-2006 72 people have seen this mnemonic. text Jones criteria can be remembered by J=JOINTS(Poly migratory arthritis)
O=(VIEW AS A HEART)Carditis N=NODULES(Subcutaneous) E=ERTHEMA MARGINATUM S=SYDENHAM’S CHOREA
Jones major criteria Posted by swatis on 27-Jul-2006 91 people have seen this mnemonic. CASES C–Carditis A–Arthritis…migratory polyarthritis S–Sydenham’s chorea E–Erythema marginatum S–Subcutaneous nodules
LATE COMPLICATNS OF RHD Posted by yellowboss on 02-May-2006 216 people have seen this mnemonic. remember it as SC{SUPREME COURT} its decisions usually come late as the ; late manifestatns of rhd S——subcutaneous nodules and C——–chorea
Late Night Sex: ILD & Hyperinflation Posted by tegs on 05-May-2004 1293 people have seen this mnemonic. Late Night Sex: Lymphangiomyomatosis Neurofibromatosis Sarcoid Emphysema X, histiocytosis
Lead poisoning (chronic) Posted by preetrajpal on 21-Jul-2005 713 people have seen this mnemonic. Anaemia/ Anorexia/ Arthralgia/ Abortion/ Atrophy of optic nerve Basophilic stippling of RBC (punctate basophilia)/ Burtonian line on gums Colic/ Constipation/ Coprophyrin excess in urine/ Cerebraloedema Drop (wrist, foot) Encephalopathy/ Emaciation
Foul smell of breath/ Failure of kidneys/ Fanconi syndrome Gonadal dysfunction/ Gout-like picture High BP/ Headache/ Hallucination/ Hyperaesthesia Impotence/ Insomnia/ Irritability left axis deviation with counterclockwise loop Posted by question-setter on 31-Jan-2006 393 people have seen this mnemonic. text TEST PAD Tricuspid atresia Ebstein anomaly Single ventricle with non inverted outlet chamber TOF with endocardial cushion defect Pulmonic stenosis-noonans ALCAPA Double outlet right ventricle,VSD without PS
LGV Posted by manpreet108 on 22-Oct-2005 371 people have seen this mnemonic. LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
–ABCDEFG A–asymptomatic in early stage ,may go unnoticed. B-bubos[inguinal adenitis] C–chlamydia trachomatis. D-doxy cycline DOC E–esthiomene. G-groove sign + MALLORY HYALINE BODY Posted by drkbravva on 21-Sep-2005 391 people have seen this mnemonic. MALLORY HYALINE BODY seen in —> remember this by MAIlory Hyaline Body (only CAPITAL term) M=W=>Wilson’s disease A====Alcoholic hepatitis ( M.C. CAUSE)
I====Indian childhood cirrhosis H===Hepatocellular Carcinoma(H.C.C.) B===Billary cirrhosis ( Primary)
MC tumour in Mediastinum Posted by drkbravva on 18-Sep-2005 416 people have seen this mnemonic. remember this as TPN. T=ant.mediastinum=thymoma P=middle mediastinum=pericardial cyst. N=post.mediastinum=neuroblatoma as a whole=lymphoma
MC tumour in nMediastinum Posted by drkbravva on 18-Sep-2005 287 people have seen this mnemonic. remember this as TPN.
T=ant.mediastinum=thymoma P=middle mediastinum=pericardial cyst. N=post.mediastinum=neuroblatoma as a whole=lymphoma
meningitis Posted by binu2002 on 29-Aug-2005 534 people have seen this mnemonic. Risk factors for Meningitis: Can Induce Severe Attacks Of Head PAINS: -Cancer -Immunocompromised state -Sinusitis -Age extremes -Otitis -Head trauma -Parameningeal infection -Alcoholism -Infections(specially respiratory) -Neurological procedures -Splenectomy
Metabolic Acidosis Posted by shrilata on 22-Apr-2004 2001 people have seen this mnemonic. Metabolic Acidosis With Anion Gap “MUDPILES” M ethanol U remia D KA/AKA P araldehyde/phenformin I ron/INH L actic acidosis E thylene glycol S alicylates Without Anion Gap “HARDUP” H yperalimentation/hyperventilation A cetazolamide R TA D iarrhea U reteral diversion P ancreatic fistula/parenteral saline
MOCK THE CIDS- drugs leading to gynaecomastia Posted by rhiannon on 12-Aug-2006 118 people have seen this mnemonic.
Metronidazole Oestrogens Cimetidine Ketoconazole TCA antiderpressants HEroin Captopril Isoniazid Diazepam Spironolactone
most common list version 1.1(modified) Posted by drada on 07-Feb-2006 506 people have seen this mnemonic. AUTOSOMAL “d o m i n a n t” conditions D dystrophy[muscular]
O osteogenesis imperfecta & otospongiosis M marfans syndrome I intermittent porphyria N neurofibroma A adult poly cystic kidney disease& achondroplasia N noonans syndrome T tuberous sclerosis (+) 3 Hs –hypercholestrolemia(familial) –Huntingtons chorea –heriditory spherocytosis (+) 3 “cancers”–heriditory NON polyposis colon CA –heriditory polyposis of colon(CA?) –BRCA 1& brca2 BREAST CA
multiple myeloma Posted by dharsh on 21-Mar-2006 284 people have seen this mnemonic. multiple myeloma tetrad CARL C CALCIUM(INCREASED) A AMEMIA R RENAL FAILURE L LYTIC BONE LESIONS
multiple sclerosis Posted by wondergirl on 12-Dec-2005 501 people have seen this mnemonic. charcot’s triad of multiple sclerosis-SIN S-staccato speech I-intentional tremors N-nystagmus
murmur family Posted by zorro on 03-Sep-2006 166 people have seen this mnemonic. MR AS Systole, MS AR Diastole – the murmur family! Mitral regurg and Aortic stenosis are systolic murmurs, Mitral stenosis and Aortic regurg are diastolic murmurs!
murmurs Posted by zorro on 03-Sep-2006 94 people have seen this mnemonic.
LEFT/RIGHT In Left ‘L’ is followed by ‘E’=> Left sided murmurs enhance during Expiration. >In Right ‘R’ is followed by ‘I’ => Right sided murumurs enhance during Inspiration
Muscles inserting into humerus Posted by spiderman on 12-Mar-2004 1071 people have seen this mnemonic. Muscles inserting into humerus A lady between two majors Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove, the teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove, and the latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove. The “lati” is between two “majors”
Necrosis of Liver Posted by poison96 on 02-Jan-2006 456 people have seen this mnemonic.
text entrilobular Necrosis:text hloroform and text arbontetrachloride poisoning. text eripheral Necrosis:text hosphorus poisoning Neocerebellar lesion Posted by mosherif on 13-Jan-2006 270 people have seen this mnemonic. DNT D Dysartheria, Deviation during walking N Nystagmus, Nodding T Titubation, Tremors (Intension) Neurology Crossed Hemiplegia Posted by mosherif on 24-Jan-2006 491 people have seen this mnemonic. Neurology–> Brainstem syndroms (crossed hemiplegia) text omen text ecome text ore text atty text fter text em text eber Syndrome–>3rd text enedict Syndrome–> 3rd+Ataixa text illard Gubler synd.->6th+7th text ovill’s Synd.-> Conjug.lateral deviation text vellis Syndrom–>9th+10th text ackson Syndrome–>11th+12th
All cranial nerves affected in brainstem syndroms Except 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Posted by shrilata on 22-Apr-2004 960 people have seen this mnemonic. Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema “PONS” P hosgene, paraquat, phenothiazines O pioids, organophosphates N itrogen dioxide S alicylates palpable purpura Posted by chaitu1800 on 14-Jun-2005 559 people have seen this mnemonic. READ HMP pathway to get palpable purpura. R:Rocky mountain spotted fever E:Ecthyma gangrenosum A:Acute meningococcemia D:Disseminated gonoccal infection H:Henoch schonlein purpura M:Mixed cryoglobulinemia
P:Polyarteritis nodosa Pancreatitis criteria Posted by Vagus on 20-Jul-2006 157 people have seen this mnemonic. PANCREAS: PaO2 below 8 Age >55 Neutrophils: WCC >15 Calcium below 2 Renal: Urea >16 Enzymes: LDH >600; AST >200 Albumin below 32 Sugar: Glucose >10 (unless diabetic patient) pari Posted by shiba on 07-Sep-2006 101 people have seen this mnemonic. text sero-ve.spondarthropathies psoriatic arthritis ankylosing spondylitis reactive arthritis/reiters synd. ibdisease Parkinson’s disease – Drug therapy Posted by drraman on 13-Nov-2005 534 people have seen this mnemonic.
Drugs used for the treatment of Parkinsonism Carrot SALAD C – COMT inhibitors S – Selegiline A – Anticholinergics L – L-dopa A – Amantadine D – Dopamine receptor agonists parkinsonism Posted by raghavmehan on 02-Aug-2006 106 people have seen this mnemonic. smart.. s-slurred speech m-mask like face a-akinesia r-rigidity t-tremors (rest tremors) peptic ulcer disease Posted by sanashakil on 09-Mar-2006 333 people have seen this mnemonic. Pain in Gastric ulcer—Greater with meals Duodenal ulcer-Decreases with meals pituitary adenoma Posted by dharsh on 20-Mar-2006
276 people have seen this mnemonic. text Go Look For The Adenoma Please text GH,LH,FSH,TSH,ACTH,PROLACTIN (A compressive adenoma in pituitary will impair hormone production in this order(i.e. GH-secreting cells are most sensitive to compression) PLAN Posted by ravinaidu on 12-Oct-2006 59 people have seen this mnemonic. DAVID. for plan D diet A activity V VEINS AND TUBES I investigations D RUGS POTTER SYND. Posted by drkbravva on 04-Oct-2005 436 people have seen this mnemonic. REMEMBER THIS AS text (M>>F) P=text ;Potter’s facies
O=text F=facies T= A=anomalies-clubbing of the hands and feet and contractures R=text recessive(autosomally recessive ) Predisposing Conditions for Pulmonary Embolism Posted by Kanna2005 on 04-Sep-2005 460 people have seen this mnemonic. TOM SCHREPFER T–trauma O–obesity M–malignancy S–surgery C–cardiac disease H–hospitalization R–rest (bed-bound) E–estrogen, pregnancy, post-partum
P–past hx F–fracture E–elderly R–road trip psoriasis treatment Posted by sudeep on 14-Jun-2005 544 people have seen this mnemonic. Are There Drugs To Manage and Cure Psoriasis? Try My Chicken Roast Anthralin Tars D vitamin Topical steroids Methotrexate Cyclosporin A Phototherapy Tazarotene(new generation of selective retinoid) Mycophenolate mofetil Retinoids oral Corticosteroids RENAL PAPILLARY NECROSIS
Posted by draditithegreat on 12-Sep-2005 564 people have seen this mnemonic. text A analgesic D DM I infant in shock P pyelonephritis O obstruction S sickle cell disease E ethanol Reversible Causes Of DEMENTIA Posted by writetoarnab on 19-Jul-2006 75 people have seen this mnemonic. D E M E N T I A: D = D rugs E = E motional disorders (pseudodementia, depression) M = M etabolic (hepatic encephalopathy, hypothyroidism, CRF) E = E ye & E ar dysfunction
N = N utritional disorders, N PH (normal pressure hydrocephalus) T = T umor, T rauma I = I nfections (neurosyphilis, chronic meningitis) A = A lcohol, A therosclerotic complications RLQ pain Posted by Vagus on 20-Jul-2006 145 people have seen this mnemonic. APPENDICITIS: Appendicitis/ Abscess PID/ Period Pancreatitis Ectopic/ Endometriosis Neoplasia Diverticulitis Intussusception Crohns Disease/ Cyst (ovarian) IBD Torsion (ovary) Irritable Bowel Syndrome Stones
Rx of pulmonary edema Posted by zorro on 03-Sep-2006 60 people have seen this mnemonic. DOLMA LINES OF TREATMENT OF PULMONARY OEDEMA: D-DIGOXIN, O-OXYGEN, L-LASIX, M-MORFINE, A-AMINOPHYLLINE. “DOLMA” IS A VERY FAMOUS FOOD IN THE MIDDLE EAST, SO IT WAS FUNNY AND EASY TO REMEMBER!
