STUDY GUIDE: ANCIENT EGYPT
People to know
1) Tutankhamen
2) Isis: Wife of Osiris and mother goddess of Egypt. She moved heaven and earth to help her husband. She found the pieces of Osiris and brought her husband back to life. Isis represented love, caring, and protection.
3) Anubis: God of the embalmers (animal= jackal)
4) Hatshepsut-First female pharaoh who ruled Egypt peacefully. She dressed as a king, she even wore a false beard that was a symbol of the pharaoh’s power. She took over because her husband died and son was too young to rule. She carried out of all the rituals expected of a king to gain the people’s respect. She built Egypt’s wealth and power through trade. Promoted trade with other countries and her biggest trade expedition was to African kingdom of Punt. She left a stunning monument to her reign- a great temple at Dayr al-Bahri (sphinx with body of lion and head of a man)
5) Amon-Re: Sun God, one of the most important gods. Egyptians believed that Amon-Re made a daily journey across the sky. He rises in the morning and dies at night.
6) King Piye: (King Piankhi) Ruler of Nubia who expanded one Egyptian city after another. Finally, Piye declared himself pharaoh of a united Egypt and Nubia.
7) Osiris: God of the underworld, or the world of the dead. Was killed and chopped into pieces of a rival god named Seth. His wife was Isis and she brought Osiris back to life.
The Term Paper on Lower Egypt Horus Osiris Isis
... pharaohs of the south often portrayed Seth as the evil enemy of Horus (deity of Upper Egypt). Seth was the brother of Osiris, Isis ... the growth of grain. He was a god-king who was believed to have given Egypt civilization. Osiris was the first child of Nut ... and the growth of grain.He was a god-king who was believed to have given Egypt civilization. Osiris was the first child of Nut ...
8) Thutmose III: one of Egyptian’s pharaohs in Nubia. Conquered Nubians had to pay tribute to the pharaohs. For example, the Nubian’s tribute to Thutmose III included hundreds of gold, cattle, slaves, ivory, and ostrich feathers from Nubia.
9) Ramses II- a pharaoh after 200 years after Hatshepsut. He gained Egypt’s wealth and power through war (not trade).
He spent first half of his time as pharaoh fighting in Canaan and Syria. 1275 BC led his army against Hittites and lost many soldiers there on battle so he later made peace with Hittites by agreeing on a border. He was also a great builder during his reign and built more monuments than any other pharaoh.
Vocabulary
1) Papyrus- a material similar to paper that they used to write on with red and black ink. Made out of papyrus reed that grew along Nile. They could last for a very long time and many documents were written- calendars, stories, poems, and prayers.
2) Cataract- groups of rocky rapids
3) Embalming-
4) Pharaoh- king of Egypt
5) Mummy- a body that has been preserved so it will not decompose
6) Hieroglyphics- drawing or symbol that represents a word or a sound. Scribes or officials were able to write because not a lot of people were about to write.
Geography: STUDY MAP ON R 24!
Key Ideas
1) The gifts of the Nile-
a. Food
b. rich soil for farming
c. transportation
d. trade
e. used in religious ceremonies
f. protection from foreign invaders
2) Responsibilities of the pharaoh-
g. were kings, priests and gods
h. looked like gods to be worshipped and performed rituals (for irrigation)
i. charge of building projects- ie. order building permits
j. make sure land produces well
k. owned all land- collects taxes
l. in charge of trade
m. his word was law
3) Reasons for mummification- body is need for the afterlife: Egyptians believed that they needed to preserve their body to have an afterlife. The believed that, after death, their spirit would need to recognize their preserved body and use it as a home. Poor people were buried in the desert and wealthy Egyptians had their bodies mummified. Mummy- body preserved by a special process.
The Term Paper on Death and Burial in Ancient Egypt
To every Egyptian death was seen as a desirable transformation, ‘the passage of the true eternal life' (Guide to The Valley of The Kings page 159, 1996). Death in no instance was considered a tragedy or an end but as a welcomed transition into the Afterlife. As death was of such an importance it was necessary that great care be taken for a smooth transition to immortality, this is a major reason ...
4) The impact of geography on everyday life- most Egyptians were farmers:
n. Egypt’s civilization developed in a river valley with rich soil
o. Nile River- flooding river deposited silt which made land fertile
p. Wheat= main crop grown in ancient Egypt
q. Because of the seasonal flooding farmers took careful planning
5) Social structure of ancient Egypt:
r. Top: Pharaoh
s. Nobles, priests, officials
t. Scribes (clerks)
u. Artisans, merchants
v. Lowest class: farmers, servants, slaves
6) The freedoms of ancient Egyptian women:
w. Women were respected in their roles as wives and mothers.
x. Egyptian women also enjoyed more individual rights than women in other ancient societies.
y. They could own businesses and buy and sell property.
7) Important geographical features of Egypt:
z. Nile River- world’s longest river. 3,500 miles
{. Cataracts- groups of rocky rapids
|. Delta- mouth of a river, area of sediment (soil or minerals)
}. Rich soil “Black Land”
~. “Red land” = deserts, hot burning sands
8) The Kingdom of Kush and its relationship with Egypt: Kush was the greatest ancient civilization in Africa. Kush grew up around fertile banks of Nile River. It was known for rich gold mines. Another name for Kush is Nubia. Kush’s location and natural resources made it an important trading hub, or center. Pharaohs sent expeditions on ships to buy sometimes steal, goods. Egyptians traded grain and linen for Kush’s gold, ivory, leather, and itmber. Egyptians also bought slaves. At times, Egypt raided Kush or took control of some of its lands. During Middle and New Kingdom, Egypt conquered Kush. Nubians had to pay tribute to pharaohs.
The Term Paper on Egypt Civilization Ancient Egyptian Stone
Egyptian Civilization Ancient Egypt -- a land of mysteries. No other civilization has so captured the imagination of scholars and laypeople alike. Mystery surrounds its origins, its religion and its monumental architecture: colossal temples, pyramids and the enormous Sphinx. The Egyptian pyramids are the most famous of all the ancient monuments, the only remaining wonder of the seven wonders of ...
9) Fall of Kush
