Comparing the Densities of Various Objects
The purpose of this lab is to determine the density of various objects.
Density is a ratio of objects mass to volume. Density is a physical property and can be used to identify unknown objects. Less dense fluids float on more dense fluids if they do not mix. If the average density of an object is less than the fluid it will float, and if the object is denser than the fluid it will sink. Increasing pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and therefore increases its density. Increasing the temperature of a substance decreases its density by increasing the volume of that substance.
Procedures-
* Determining the density of water
Step 1: Find the mass of a graduated cylinder by using an electronic scale.
Step2: Measure 20 mL of water into the graduated cylinder.
Step 3: Find the mass of the graduated cylinder with water using the electronic scale.
Step 4: Subtract the mass of the graduated cylinder with water, from the graduated cylinder without water, to find the mass of only the water.
Step 5: Find the density of the water by dividing the mass of the water from the volume of the water.
Step 6: Finally calculate percent error.
* Determining the density of a LARGE metallic cylinder
Step 1: Find the mass of the metallic cylinder using an electronic scale.
Step 2: Use the diameter given to find the radius by dividing the diameter in half.
The Essay on Density Of Metals
Problem: How does the mass and volume help determine the density of known metal samples? Hypothesis: When comparing the density of Zn(zinc) and Cu(copper), you will find that Copper is more dense than Zinc. You can test this out by using the density formula D=m/v. Materials: * 2 metals (options: zn, al, or cu) * 3 samples of each metal (small, medium, and large) * Scale/Balance * Calculator * ...
Step 3: Measure the height using the centimeter side of a ruler.
Step 4: Find the volume by multiplying pie time your radius times your height.
Step 5: Find your density by dividing your mass from your volume.
Step 6: Finally calculate percent error.
* Determining the density of a SMALL metallic cylinder
Step 1: Find the mass of the metallic cylinder using an electronic scale.
Step 2: Use the diameter given to find the radius by dividing the diameter in half.
Step 3: Measure the height using the centimeter side of a ruler.
Step 4: Find the volume by multiplying pie time your radius times your height.
Step 5: Find your density by dividing your mass from your volume.
Step 6: Finally calculate percent error.
* Determining the density of a LARGE non-metallic cylinder
Step 1: Find the mass of the metallic cylinder using an electronic scale.
Step 2: Use the diameter given to find the radius by dividing the diameter in half.
Step 3: Measure the height using the centimeter side of a ruler.
Step 4: Find the volume by multiplying pie time your radius times your height.
Step 5: Finally find your density by dividing your mass from your volume.
* Determining the density of a SMALL non-metallic cylinder
Step 1: Find the mass of the metallic cylinder using an electronic scale.
Step 2: Use the diameter given to find the radius by dividing the diameter in half.
Step 3: Measure the height using the centimeter side of a ruler.
Step 4: Find the volume by multiplying pie time your radius times your height.
Step 5: Find your density by dividing your mass from your volume.
Step 6: Finally calculate percent error.
* Determining the density of (2 different colors) cubes
Cube #1-
Step 1: Determine the color of the cube.
Step2: Find the mass of the cube by using an electronic scale.
Step 3: Measure the length, width, and height using the centimeter side of a ruler.
Step 4: Find the volume by multiplying the length, width, and height.
Step 5: Finally find the density by dividing the mass of the cube from the volume.
Cube #2-
Step 1: Determine the color of the cube.
The Essay on Measuring The Density Of Pennies
1. The equation that relates density, mass, and volume is: density = mass / volume. 2. All substances have unique densities, so if you are able to find the density of a substance, you can properly identify it. 3. We measure irregular-shaped objects with the use of water displacement because it would be nearly impossible to get the exact measurements of items with irregular shaped surfaces ...
Step2: Find the mass of the cube by using an electronic scale.
Step 3: Measure the length, width, and height using the centimeter side of a ruler.
Step 4: Find the volume by multiplying the length, width, and height.
Step 5: Finally find the density by dividing the mass of the cube from the volume.
Step 6: Finally calculate percent error.
* Determining the density of 10 aluminum pellets using water displacement.
Step 1: Find the mass of the aluminum pellets by using an electronic scale.
Step 2: Using a graduated cylinder measure as much water as desired and find the volume of the graduated cylinder and water.
Step 3: Add the pellets to the graduated cylinder.
Step 4: Find the volume of the pellets by subtracting the volume of the graduated cylinder with water, from the graduated cylinder with water and pellets.
Step 5: Find your density by dividing your mass of the pellets from the volume of the pellets.
Step 6: Finally calculate percent error.
Data-
Name of Substance | Length (cm) | Width (cm) | Height (cm) | Radius (cm) | Mass (g) | Volume | Density |
Water | —- | —– | —– | —– | *23.2 g | 21 mL | *1.1 g/mL |
Brass (large) | —- | —- | 6 cm | .64 cm | 64.4 g | *7.72 cm³ | *8.3g/cm³ |
Brass (small) | —- | —- | 4 cm | .64 cm | 43.5 g | *5.14 cm³ | *8.46 g/cm³ |
PVC (large) | —- | —- | 6 cm | .64 cm | 11.0 g | *7.72 cm³ | *1.42 g/cm³ |
PVC (small) | —- | —- | 4 cm | .64 cm | 7.7 g | *5.14 cm³ | *1.50 g/cm³ |
Copper (Cube 1) | 2.5 cm | 2.5 cm | 2.5 cm | —- | 142.5 g | *15.53 cm³ | *9.12 g/cm³ |
Brass (Cube2) | 2.5 cm | 2.5 cm | 2.5 cm | —- | 136.8 g | *15.63 cm³ | *8.75 g/cm³ |
Aluminum | —- | —- | —- | —- | 7.7 g | *21 mL | *1.98 g/mL |
Calculated=*
Calculations-
Water
* Mass= 148.6 – 125.4 = 23.2 g
* Density= 23.2 / 21 = 1.1 g/mL
* Percent Error= 1 – 1 x 1 / 1 x 100 = -10%
LARGE Metallic Cylinder
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* Radius= 1.28 / 2 = .64 cm
* Volume= 3.14 x .64² x 6 = 7.72 cm³
* Density= 64.4 / 7.72 = 8.34 g/cm³
* Percent Error= 8.34 -8.4 / 8.4 x 100 = -.71%
SMALL Metallic Cylinder
* Radius= 1.28 / 2 = .64 cm
* Volume= 3.14 x 64² x 4 = 5.14 cm³
* Density= 43.5 / 5.14 = 8.46 g/cm³
* Percent Error= 8.46 – 8.4 / 8.4 x 100 = .71%
LARGE Non-Metallic Cylinder
* Radius= 1.28 / 2 = .64 cm
* Volume= 3.14 x .64² x 6 = 7.72 cm³
* Density= 11.0 / 7.72 = 1.42 g/cm³
* Percent Error= 1.42 – 1.4 / 1.4 x 100 = 1.43 %
SMALL Non-Metallic Cylinder
* Radius= 1.28 / 2 = .64 cm
* Volume= 3.14 x .64² x 4 = 5.14 cm³
* Density= 7.7 / 5.14 = 1.50 g/ cm³
* Percent Error= 1.50 – 1.5 / 1.5 x 100 = 0%
Cube #1 Copper
* Volume= 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 = 15.63 cm
* Density= 142.5 / 15.63 = 9.12 g/cm³
* Percent Error= 9.12 – 8.9 / 8.9 x 100 = 2.7%
Cube #2 Brass
* Volume= 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 = 15.63 cm³
* Density= 136.8 / 15.63 = 8.75 g/cm³
* Percent Error= 8.75 – 8.4 / 8.4 x 100 = 4.17 %
10 Aluminum Pellets
* Volume= 25 – 21 = 4 mL
* Density= 7.7 / 4 = 1.93 g/mL
* Percent Error= 1.93 – 2.7 / 2.7 x 100 = 28.52%
Throughout this lab the highest density found was the copper cube with a density of 9.1 g/cm³ and a percent error of 2.7%. The lowest density found was water with a density of 1.1 g/mL and a percent error of 10%. The average density of this lab was the large cylinder of brass with the density of 8.3 g/ cm³ and a percent error of .71%.
In this lab I learned density is very important. It is important to know and to learn about because it directly affects how we build things and what materials to use. Simply by knowing the density of things we can use that knowledge to keep things a float or even to keep things in the air. For instance when kayaking you cannot have to heavy of a kayak or you will sink. So it probably would be a bad idea to build a kayak out of metal because you will not stay afloat. Different materials have different densities and when knowing how to calculate them life will be easier.
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When measuring the water, the graduated cylinder was filled to 21 mL instead of 20 mL. Because of the inaccurate measurement the density was lower than it should have been. Therefore in having a lower density, this caused our procedure to have a higher percent error than expected. Another possible source of error was when weighing the ten aluminum pellets. Some of the pellets were connected to one another but was still considered only one pellet. In having more pellets on the scale there was a higher mass which caused the percent error to be extremely high.
