French Preposition, Sample of Reports

12 pages, 5953 words

Prépositions – French Prepositions

Prepositions are words which link two related parts of a sentence. They are placed in front of nouns in order to indicate a relationship between that noun and the verb, adjective, or noun that precedes it. These pages will help you to understand French prepositions. Click on the underlined prepositions for specific information about meaning, usage, and more.

à to, at, in

à côté de next to, beside

après after

au sujet de about, on the subject of

avant before

avec with

chez at the home/office of, among

contre against

dans in

d’après according to

de from, of, about

depuis since, for

derrière in back of, behind

devant in front of

durant during, while

en in, on, to

en dehors de outside of

en face de facing, across from

entre between

envers toward

environ approximately

hors de outside of

jusque until, up to, even

loin de far from

malgré despite

par by, through

parmi among

pendant during

pour for

près de near

quant à as for, regarding

sans without

selon according to

sous under

suivant according to

sur on

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... particle which precedes it. Noun + Preposition Combinations. English has many examples of prepositions coming after nouns. In such cases, the prepositions are often followed by ... plumbing as soon as possible. Here are a few more nouns and prepositions which are used together: the use of a solution ...

vers toward

Prépositions – French Prepositions

Definition: In French, prepositions are words which link two related parts of a sentence. They are placed in front of nouns in order to indicate a relationship between that noun and the verb, adjective, or noun that precedes it.

Examples in French:

I’m talking to Jean. Je parle à Jean.

He is from Paris. Il est de Paris.

The book is for you. Le livre est pour toi.

Common French Prepositions:

1. French Prepositions (à) – (to, at, in)

2. French Prepositions (après & derrière) – (after)

3. French Prepositions (avant & devant) – (before)

4. French Prepositions (avec) – (with)

5. French Prepositions (chez) – (among)

6. French Prepositions (dans) – (in)

7. French Prepositions (de) – (from, of, about)

8. French Prepositions (depuis) – (since, for)

9. French Prepositions (en) – (in, on, to)

10. French Prepositions (pour) – (for)

11. French Prepositions (sans) – (without)

12. French Prepositions (sur) – (on)

13. French Prepositions (vers & envers) – (toward)

French Regular -IR Verbs

How to conjugate regular -IR verbs in French

By Laura K. Lawless, About.com Guide

See More About:

* french ir verbs

* french verb conjugations

* beginning french

* french lessons

There are five main kinds of verbs in French: regular -ER, -IR, -RE; stem-changing; and irregular. Once you’ve learned the rules of conjugation for each of the first three kinds of verbs, you should have no problem conjugating regular verbs in each of those categories. Regular -IR verbs are the second largest category of French verbs- see the next page for a list of some common -IR verbs.

The verb form that ends in -IR is called the infinitive (in English, the infinitive is the verb preceded by the word “to”), and -IR is the infinitive ending. The verb with the infinitive ending removed is called the stem or radical. To conjugate -IR verbs, remove the infinitive ending to find the stem and add the endings in the table below.

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French regular -IR verb conjugations |

To conjugate an -IR verb in the present tense, remove the infinitive ending and then add the appropriate endings. For example, here are the present tense conjugations for the regular -IR verbs choisir (to choose), finir (to finish), and réussir (to succeed): |

Regular -IR verbs share conjugation patterns in all tenses and moods. |

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French conjugation

French conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a French verb from its principal parts byinflection. French verbs are conventionally divided into three conjugations (conjugaisons) with the following grouping:

* 1st group: verbs ending in -er (except aller).

* 2nd group: verbs ending in -ir, with the gerund ending in -issant.

* 3rd group:

* 1st section: verbs ending in -ir, with the gerund ending in -ant.

* 2nd section: verbs ending in -oir.

* 3rd section: verbs ending in -re.

The first two groups follow a regular conjugation, whereas the third group follows an irregular one. The third group is considered a closed-class conjugation form [1], meaning that most new verbs introduced to the French language are of the first group (téléviser, atomiser, radiographier), with the remaining ones being of the second group.

It is noteworthy that the verb aller is the only verb ending in -er belonging to the third group.

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Moods and tenses

There are seven different moods in French conjugation: Indicatif, Subjonctif, conditionnel, impératif, infinitif, participe, and gérondif.

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... present tense and no verbal, so they have no analytical forms; some of them lack the form of the past tense. Modal verbs ... Auxiliary verb In linguistics, an auxiliary (also called helping verb, helper verb, auxiliary verb, or verbal auxiliary) is a verb ... forms of the infinitive - simple and perfect (both in the active and passive forms), continuous and perfect continuous; If the modal verbs ...

Tenses are described under the mood to which they belong, and they are grouped as follows. An asterisk indicates a simple form. Other tenses are constructed through the use of an auxiliary verb:

* Indicatif

* Présent (Present) *

* Passé composé (Present Perfect), literally ‘Compound past’, formed with an auxiliary verb in the present

* Imparfait (Imperfect) *

* Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect), literally ‘more than perfect’, formed with an auxiliary verb in the imperfect

* Passé simple (Simple Past) *

* Passé antérieur (Past Perfect), formed with an auxiliary verb in the passé simple

* Futur simple (Simple Future) *

* Futur antérieur (Future Perfect), formed with an auxiliary verb in the futur simple

* Subjonctif

* Présent *

* Passé (Past), formed with an auxiliary verb in the subjunctive present

* Imparfait *

* Plus-que-parfait, formed with an auxiliary verb in the subjunctive imperfect

* Impératif

* Présent *

* Passé, formed with an auxiliary verb in the present imperative (rare)

* Conditionnel

* Présent *

* Passé 1ere forme (Past – form I), formed with an auxiliary verb in the present conditional

* Passé 2eme forme (Past – form II), formed with an auxiliary verb in the imperfect subjunctive (rare)

* Infinitif

* Présent *

* Passé, formed with an auxiliary verb in the present infinitive

* Participe

* Présent *

* Passé *

* gérondif (constructed by preceding the present participle with the preposition ‘en’)

Note that some of these tenses are very rarely used in contemporary French. Others, such as the passé simple or the imparfait du subjonctif, are frequently used, but only in the written language (especially in literature) or in extremely formal speech.

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Auxiliary verbs

There are two auxiliary verbs in French: avoir (to have) and être (to be), used to conjugate compound tenses according to these rules:

* Transitive verbs (direct or indirect) in the active voice are conjugated with the verb avoir.

* Intransitive verbs are conjugated with either avoir or être (see French verbs#Temporal auxiliary verbs).

* Reflexive verbs (or “pronominal verbs”) are conjugated with être.

* être is used to form the passive voice. être is itself conjugated according to the tense and mood, and this may require the use of avoir as an additional auxiliary verb, e.g. Il a été manger (It was eaten).

Compound tenses are conjugated with an auxiliary followed by the past participle, ex: j’ai fait (I did), je suis tombé (I fell).

When être is used, the participle is inflected according to the gender and number of the subject. The participle is inflected with the use of the verb avoir according to the direct object, but only if the direct object precedes the participle, ex:

* il a marché, elle a marché, nous avons marché (he walked, she walked, we walked)

* il est tombé, elle est tombée, nous sommes tombés, elles sont tombées (he fell, she fell, we fell, they (fem.) fell)

* Il a acheté une voiture. Voilà la voiture qu’il a achetée. (He bought a car. Here is the car he bought)

As stand-alone verbs, the conjugation of the two auxiliaries is listed in the table below:

Avoir

This verb has different stems for different tenses. These are imperfect av- /av/; present subjunctive ai- /ɛ/; future and conditional aur- /ɔʁ/; simple past and past subjunctive e- (not pronounced: eus, eusse are pronounced as bare inflections /y, ys/).

Although the stem changes, the inflections of these tenses are as a regular -oir verb.

However, in the simple present, not only are there stem changes, but the inflections are irregular as well:

Avoir “to have” |

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A verb is an action or state of being. Verbs are much more complicated than this. Within the verb there is verb agreement, irregularity, and agreement. To be a successful writer a person must master these conceptions. A verb tense is the classification of a verb into multiple different time settings. These different time settings, "tenses" as stated previously, are appropriately named according to ...

* Notice that the imperative form uses the subjunctive conjugation.

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: avoir /avwaʁ/

* Present participle: ayant /ejɑ̃/

* Gerundive: en ayant /an ejɑ̃/

* Verbal adjective: ayant(s) /ejɑ̃/, ayante(s) /ejɑ̃t/

* Past participle: eu(e)(s) /y/

Auxiliary verb: avoir

Être

This verb has different stems for different tenses. These are all pronounced differently: imperfect ét- /et/; present subjunctive soi- /swa/; future and conditional ser- /s(ə)ʁ/; simple past and past subjunctive in f- /f/. The inflections of these tenses are as a regular -oir verb (that is, as an -re verb but with the vowel u /y/ in the f- forms).

For example, subjunctive soyons, soyez is pronounced with the y sound (/swajɔ̃, swaje/) of other -re and -oir verbs.

However, in the simple present, not only are there stem changes, but the inflections are irregular as well:

Être “to be” |

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* Notice that the imperative form uses the subjunctive conjugation.

The non-finite forms use the stem êt- /ɛt/ (before a consonant)/ét- /ɛt/ (before a vowel):

* Infinitive: être

* Present participle: étant

* Gerundive: en étant

* Verbal adjective: étant(e)(s)

* Past participle: été(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

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First group verbs (-er verbs)

French verbs ending in -er, which comprise the largest class, inflect somewhat differently than other verbs. Between the stem and the inflectional endings that are common across most verbs, there may be a vowel, which in the case of the -er verbs is a silent -e- (in the simple present singular), -é or -ai /e/ (in the past participle and the je form of the simple past), and -a- /a/ (in the rest of simple past singular and in the past subjunctive).

In addition, the orthographic -t found in the -ir and -re verbs in the singular of the simple present and past is not found in this conjugation, so that the final consonants are -, -s, – rather than -s, -s, -t.

[edit]Parler

The verb parler “to speak”, in French orthography and IPA transcription |

je | parle

/paʁl/ | parlai

/paʁle/ | parlais

/paʁlɛ/ | parlerai

/paʁləʁe/ | parle

/paʁl/ | parlasse

/paʁlas/ | parlerais

/paʁləʁɛ/ | |

tu | parles

/paʁl/ | parlas

/paʁla/ | parlais

/paʁlɛ/ | parleras

/paʁləʁa/ | parles

/paʁl/ | parlasses

/paʁlas/ | parlerais

/paʁləʁɛ/ | parle

/paʁl/ |

il | parle

/paʁl/ | parla

/paʁla/ | parlait

/paʁlɛ/ | parlera

/paʁləʁa/ | parle

/paʁl/ | parlât

/paʁlɑ/ | parlerait

/paʁləʁɛ/ | |

nous | parlons

/paʁlɔ̃/ | parlâmes

/paʁlɑm/ | parlions

/paʁljɔ̃/ | parlerons

/paʁləʁɔ̃/ | parlions

/paʁljɔ̃/ | parlassions

/paʁlasjɔ̃/ | parlerions

/paʁləʁjɔ̃/ | parlons

/paʁlɔ̃/ |

vous | parlez

/paʁle/ | parlâtes

/paʁlɑt/ | parliez

/paʁlje/ | parlerez

/paʁləʁe/ | parliez

/paʁlje/ | parlassiez

/paʁlasje/ | parleriez

/paʁləʁje/ | parlez

/paʁle/ |

ils | parlent

/paʁl/ | parlèrent

/paʁlɛːʁ/ | parlaient

/paʁlɛ/ | parleront

/paʁləʁɔ̃/ | parlent

/paʁl/ | parlassent

/paʁlas/ | parleraient

/paʁləʁɛ/ | |

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: parler /paʁle/

* Present participle: parlant /paʁlɑ̃/

* Gerundive: en parlant /ɑ̃ paʁlɑ̃/

* Verbal adjective: parlant(s) /paʁlɑ̃/, parlante(s) /paʁlɑ̃t/

* Past participle: parlé(e)(s) /paʁle/

Auxiliary verb: avoir (arriver, entrer, monter, passer, rester, rentrer, retourner, and tomber use être)

Exceptional contexts:

* When the first-person singular present tense form of the indicative or subjunctive is found in inversion, the writer must change the final e to either é or è, in order to link the two words : « Parlé-je ? », /paʁlɛʒ/, “Am I speaking?” (This is a very rare construction, however.)

* When the second-person singular form of the imperative is followed by its object y or en, a final s is added: « Parles-en ! », [paʁlzɑ̃], “Talk about it!”

Exceptional verbs:

* The verb aller, though it ends in -er is completely irregular and belongs to the third group.

* In -cer verbs, the c becomes a ç before endings that start with a or o, to indicate that it is still pronounced /s/ (je déplace – nous déplaçons); similarly, in -ger verbs, the g becomes ge before such endings, to indicate that it is pronounced /ʒ/ (je mange – nous mangeons).

* In -oyer and -uyer verbs, the y becomes an i before endings that start with a silent e (nous envoyons – j’envoie); in -ayer verbs, the writer may or may not change the y to an i before such endings (je paye – je paie).

Additionally, the future and conditional forms of envoyer start with enverr- rather than envoyer-; and similarly with renvoyer.

* In -é.er verbs, the é becomes an è before silent endings, and optionally in the future and conditional tenses.

* In -e.er verbs other than most -eler and -eter verbs, the e becomes an è before endings that start with a silent e (including the future and conditional endings).

For example: peler (to peel) -> je pèle (present) / je pèlerai (futur) / je pèlerais (conditional).

* In most -eler and -eter verbs, the writer must either change the e to an è before endings that start with a silent e, or change the l or t to llor tt. In the rest of these verbs, only one or the other form is allowed. For example: appeler (to call) -> j’appelle (present) / j’appellerai(futur) / j’appellerais (conditional).

* The verbal adjective of following verbs is irregular: adhérer – adhérent(e)(s); coïncider – coïncident(e)(s); confluer – confluent(e)(s); affluer – affluent(e)(s); converger – convergent(e)(s); déterger – détergent(e)(s); différer – différent(e)(s); exceller – excellent(e)(s); diverger – divergent(e)(s); négliger, négligent(e)(s); précéder – précédent(e)(s); violer – violent(e)(s); influer – influent(e)(s); communiquer – communicant(e)(s); suffoquer – suffocant(e)(s); provoquer – provocant(e)(s); naviguer – navigant(e)(s); déléguer – délégant(e)(s); fatiguer – fatigant(e)(s); intriguer – intrigant(e)(s).

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[edit]Second group verbs (-ir verbs / gerund ending in -issant)

The -ir verbs differ from the -er verbs in the following points:

* The vowel of the inflections is always -i-, for example -isse in the past subjunctive rather than the -asse of the -er verbs.

* A few of the singular inflections themselves change, though this is purely orthographic and does not affect the pronunciation: in the simple present and past, these are -s, -s, -t rather than -, -s, -. (The change in pronunciation is due to the change of vowel from e, ai, a to -i-.)

* In the simple present, imperfect, the present subjunctive, and the gerund, a suffix -iss- /is/ appears between the root and the inflectional endings. In the simple present singular, this suffix has disappeared and the endings are -is, -is, -it.

Choisir

The verb choisir “to choose”, in French orthography and IPA transcription |

je | choisis

/ʃwazi/ | choisis

/ʃwazi/ | choisissais

/ʃwazisɛ/ | choisirai

/ʃwaziʁe/ | choisisse

/ʃwazis/ | choisisse

/ʃwazis/ | choisirais

/ʃwaziʁɛ/ | |

tu | choisis

/ʃwazi/ | choisis

/ʃwazi/ | choisissais

/ʃwazisɛ/ | choisiras

/ʃwaziʁa/ | choisisses

/ʃwazis/ | choisisses

/ʃwazis/ | choisirais

/ʃwaziʁɛ/ | choisis

/ʃwazi/ |

il | choisit

/ʃwazi/ | choisit

/ʃwazi/ | choisissait

/ʃwazisɛ/ | choisira

/ʃwaziʁa/ | choisisse

/ʃwazis/ | choisît

/ʃwazi/ | choisirait

/ʃwaziʁɛ/ | |

nous | choisissons

/ʃwazisɔ̃/ | choisîmes

/ʃwazim/ | choisissions

/ʃwazisjɔ̃/ | choisirons

/ʃwaziʁɔ̃/ | choisissions

/ʃwazisjɔ̃/ | choisissions

/ʃwazisjɔ̃/ | choisirions

/ʃwaziʁjɔ̃/ | choisissons

/ʃwazisɔ̃/ |

vous | choisissez

/ʃwazise/ | choisîtes

/ʃwazit/ | choisissiez

/ʃwazisje/ | choisirez

/ʃwaziʁe/ | choisissiez

/ʃwazisje/ | choisissiez

/ʃwazisje/ | choisiriez

/ʃwaziʁje/ | choisissez

/ʃwazise/ |

ils | choisissent

/ʃwazis/ | choisirent

/ʃwaziʁ/ | choisissaient

/ʃwazisɛ/ | choisiront

/ʃwaziʁɔ̃/ | choisissent

/ʃwazis/ | choisissent

/ʃwazis/ | choisiraient

/ʃwaziʁɛ/ | |

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: choisir /ʃwaziʁ/

* Present participle: choisissant /ʃwazisɑ̃/

* Gerundive: en choisissant /ɑ̃ ʃwazisɑ̃/

* Verbal adjective: choisissant(s) /ʃwazisɑ̃/, choisissante(s) /ʃwazisɑ̃t/

* Past participle: choisi(e)(s) /ʃwazi/

Auxiliary verb: avoir (partir uses être)

haïr

The verb haïr loses its dieresis in the singular of the simple present tense (the i loses its trema, reflecting the pronunciation of the initial syllable as a single vowel /ɛ/ rather than the hiatus /ai/): je hais, tu hais, il hait but nous haïssons, vous haïssez, ils haïssent /ʒə ɛ, ty ɛ, il ɛ, nu aisɔ̃, vu aise, il ais/. Hais is as usual used for the imperative. In all other forms, the root is /ai/ (imperfect and present & past subjunctive/ais/-, future and conditional /aiʁ/-).

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Third Group

First Section (-ir verbs / gerund ending in -ant)

dormir, mentir, partir, sentir, servir, sortir

The verbs dormir, mentir, partir, sentir, servir and their derivatives do not take the -iss- infix. The effect of this is that they conjugate as -reverbs rather than -ir verbs, apart from the past participle which is still -i. Sortir and its derivatives are similar in their usual meanings of “to go out” etc., though in their legal senses they conjugate regularly as -ir verbs: les lois sortissent leurs effets (laws produce their effects); ce qui ressortit à… (what is under the jurisdiction of…). Partir serves as an example:

Partir

Partir “to leave” |

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: partir

* Present participle: partant

* Gerundive: en partant

* Verbal adjective: partant(e)(s)

* Past participle: parti(e)(s)

Similarly, dormir, mentir, sortir, sentir, servir are je dors, mens, sors, sens, sers /ʒ(ə) dɔʁ, mɑ̃, sɔʁ, sɑ̃, sɛʁ/ etc.

couvrir, offrir, ouvrir, souffrir

The verbs couvrir, offrir, ouvrir, souffrir and their derivatives are similar, but orthographically they differ slightly: they take the simple present endings of the -er verbs. In addition, their past participles end in -ert. Ouvrir will serve as an example:

[edit]Ouvrir

Ouvrir “to open” |

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: ouvrir

* Present participle: ouvrant

* Gerundive: en ouvrant

* Verbal adjective: ouvrant(e)(s)

* Past participle: ouvert(s) /uvɛʁ/, ouverte(s) /uvɛʁt/

Venir

venir, tenir

The common verbs venir “to come” and tenir “to hold”, as well as their derivatives,[2] change their stem vowel to a diphthong or nasal in much of their conjugations. Venir will serve as an example; for tenir, simply change the v to a t.

Venir “to come” |

je | viens

/vjɛ̃/ | vins

/vɛ̃/ | venais

/v(ə)nɛ/ | viendrai

/vjɛ̃dʁe/ | vienne

/vjɛn/ | vinsse

/vɛ̃s/ | viendrais

/vjɛ̃dʁɛ/ | |

tu | viens

/vjɛ̃/ | vins

/vɛ̃/ | venais

/v(ə)nɛ/ | viendras

/vjɛ̃dʁa/ | viennes

/vjɛn/ | vinsses

/vɛ̃s/ | viendrais

/vjɛ̃dʁɛ/ | viens

/vjɛ̃/ |

il | vient

/vjɛ̃/ | vint

/vɛ̃/ | venait

/v(ə)nɛ/ | viendra

/vjɛ̃dʁa/ | vienne

/vjɛn/ | vînt

/vɛ̃/ | viendrait

/vjɛ̃dʁɛ/ | |

nous | venons

/v(ə)nɔ̃/ | vînmes

/vɛ̃m/ | venions

/v(ə)njɔ̃/ | viendrons

/vjɛ̃dʁɔ̃/ | venions

/v(ə)njɔ̃/ | vinssions

/vɛ̃sjɔ̃/ | viendrions

/vjɛ̃dʁijɔ̃/ | venons

/v(ə)nɔ̃/ |

vous | venez

/v(ə)ne/ | vîntes

/vɛ̃t/ | veniez

/v(ə)nje/ | viendrez

/vjɛ̃dʁe/ | veniez

/v(ə)nje/ | vinssiez

/vɛ̃sje/ | viendriez

/vjɛ̃dʁije/ | venez

/v(ə)ne/ |

ils | viennent

/vjɛn/ | vinrent

/vɛ̃ʁ/ | venaient

/v(ə)nɛ/ | viendront

/vjɛ̃dʁɔ̃/ | viennent

/vjɛn/ | vinssent

/vɛ̃s/ | viendraient

/vjɛ̃dʁɛ/ | |

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: venir /v(ə)niʁ/

* Present participle: venant /v(ə)nɑ̃/

* Gerundive: en venant

* Verbal adjective: venant(e)(s)

* Past participle: venu(e)(s) /v(ə)ny/

Auxiliary verb: être

acquérir, cueillir, saillir

Second section (-oir verbs)

Verbs ending in -oir tend to have stem changes, which makes them more irregular than the other conjugations. Many have stems ending in -v, which drops before a consonant or the vowel u. Others have stems ending in -l, which undergoes changes similar to the plural of French nouns ending in -l. In addition, the vowel of the stem tends to become oi /wa/ or eu /ø, œ/ when there is no vowel in the inflectional ending (much of the simple present and present subjunctive).

They also differ from other verbs in that the vowel of both the simple past and the past participle is -u /y/.

The verbs voir “to see” and seoir “to suit” and their derivatives (prévoir, asseoir) inflect as -ir verbs, not as -oir verbs, as they have the vowel -i-in the past simple and subjunctive: je vis, j’assis, etc.

Pouvoir

*In case of questions puis is used exclusively: puis-je venir? Can I come? The usage of puis in other cases is mannered.

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: pouvoir

* Present participle: pouvant

* Gerundive: en pouvant

* Verbal adjective: pouvant(e)(s)

* Past participle: pu(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

Recevoir

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: recevoir

* Present participle: recevant

* Gerundive: en recevant

* Verbal adjective: recevant(e)(s)

* Past participle: reçu(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

* Other verbs conjugated along the same model: concevoir, décevoir, percevoir, apercevoir.

Savoir

* Notice that the imperative form uses the present subjunctive stem.

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: savoir

* Present participle: sachant

* Gerundive: en sachant

* Verbal adjective: sachant(e)(s)

* Past participle: su(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

Vouloir

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: vouloir

* Present participle: voulant

* Gerundive: en voulant

* Verbal adjective: voulant(e)(s)

* Past participle: voulu(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

Third Section (-re verbs)

Orthographically, the -re verbs have the inflectional endings of the -ir verbs (singular -s, -s, -t in the simple present and past).

However, unlike the -ir verbs, there is no suffix -iss- between the root and the inflection, except in the past subjunctive, which is identical to the -ir verbs. In addition, the vowel of the past participle is -u /y/ rather than -i.

Attendre

j’ | attends

/atɑ̃/ | attendis

/atɑ̃di/ | attendais

/atɑ̃dɛ/ | attendrai

/atɑ̃dʁe/ | attende

/atɑ̃d/ | attendisse

/atɑ̃dis/ | attendrais

/atɑ̃dʁɛ/ | |

tu | attends

/atɑ̃/ | attendis

/atɑ̃di/ | attendais

/atɑ̃dɛ/ | attendras

/atɑ̃dʁa/ | attendes

/atɑ̃d/ | attendisses

/atɑ̃dis/ | attendrais

/atɑ̃dʁɛ/ | attends

/atɑ̃/ |

il | attend

/atɑ̃/ | attendit

/atɑ̃di/ | attendait

/atɑ̃dɛ/ | attendra

/atɑ̃dʁa/ | attende

/atɑ̃d/ | attendît

/atɑ̃di/ | attendrait

/atɑ̃dʁɛ/ | |

nous | attendons

/atɑ̃dɔ̃/ | attendîmes

/atɑ̃dim/ | attendions

/atɑ̃djɔ̃/ | attendrons

/atɑ̃dʁɔ̃/ | attendions

/atɑ̃djɔ̃/ | attendissions

/atɑ̃disjɔ̃/ | attendrions

/atɑ̃dʁijɔ̃/ | attendons

/atɑ̃dɔ̃/ |

vous | attendez

/atɑ̃de/ | attendîtes

/atɑ̃dit/ | attendiez

/atɑ̃dje/ | attendrez

/atɑ̃dʁe/ | attendiez

/atɑ̃dje/ | attendissiez

/atɑ̃disje/ | attendriez

/atɑ̃dʁije/ | attendez

/atɑ̃de/ |

ils | attendent

/atɑ̃d/ | attendirent

/atɑ̃diʁ/ | attendaient

/atɑ̃dɛ/ | attendront

/atɑ̃dʁɔ̃/ | attendent

/atɑ̃d/ | attendissent

/atɑ̃dis/ | attendraient

/atɑ̃dʁɛ/ | |

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: attendre /atɑ̃dʁ/

* Present participle: attendant /atɑ̃dɑ̃/

* Gerundive: en attendant /an atɑ̃dɑ̃/

* Verbal adjective: attendant(s) /atɑ̃dɑ̃/, attendante(s) /atɑ̃dɑ̃t/

* Past participle: attendu(e)(s) /atɑ̃dy/

Auxiliary verb: avoir (descendre uses être)

* If the verb stem ends with a t or d (as in attend or bat), the -t inflection of the third person simple present drops, as here. However, elsewhere it is retained: rompre → il rompt.

* Battre, mettre and all verbs on -aindre or -eindre are irregular[clarification needed]

Dire

to say, talk

tu | dis | dis | disais | diras | dises | disses | dirais | dis |

il | dit | dit | disait | dira | dise | dît | dirait | |

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: dire

* Present participle: disant

* Gerundive: en disant

* Verbal adjective: disant(e)(s)

* Past participle: dit(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

Prendre

to take

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: prendre

* Present participle: prenant

* Gerundive: en prenant

* Verbal adjective: prenant(e)(s)

* Past participle: pris(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

* apprendre, comprendre, entreprendre, reprendre, and surprendre follow the same pattern

Faire

to do, make

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: faire

* Present participle: faisant

* Gerundive: en faisant

* Verbal adjective: faisant(e)(s)

* Past participle: fait(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: avoir

* défaire, refaire, and satisfaire follow the same pattern.

Naître

to be born

Non-finite forms:

* Infinitive: naître

* Present participle: naissant

* Gerundive: en naissant

* Verbal adjective: naisant(e)(s)

* Past participle: né(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: être

Aller

The verb aller means “to go” and is the only verb with the first group ending “er” to have an irregular conjugation. It belongs to none of the three sections of the third group, and is often categorized on its own. The verb has different stems for different tenses. These are all pronounced differently: past all- /al/ (simple past, imperfect, past subjunctive); present subjunctive aill- /aj/; conditional and future ir- /iʁ/. The inflections of these tenses are completely regular, and pronounced as in any other -er verb. However, in the simple present, not only are there stem changes, but the inflections are irregular as well:

Aller “to go” |

The non-finite forms are all based on all- /al/:

* Infinitive: aller

* Present participle: allant

* Gerundive: en allant

* Verbal adjective: allant(e)(s)

* Past participle: allé(e)(s)

Auxiliary verb: être

————————————————-

Inflectional endings of the three verb groups

| Indicatif (Présent) | | Subjonctif (Présent) |

je | e1 | is | s (x3) | e5 | | e | isse | e |

tu | es | is | s (x3) | es5 | | es | isses | es |

il | e | it | t (d4) | e5 | | e | isse | e |

vous | ez | issez | ez | ez | | iez | issiez | iez |

ils | ent | issent | ent (nt2) | ent | | ent | issent | ent |

| |

| Indicatif (Imparfait) | | Subjonctif (Imparfait) |

il | ait | issait | ait | | ât | ît | ît | ût |

| |

| Indicatif (Passé simple) | | Impératif (Présent) |

je | ai | is | is6 | us6 | | |

tu | as | is | is | us | | e | is | s | e5 |

il | a | it | it | ut | | |

| |

| Indicatif (Futur simple) | | Conditionnel (Présent) |

il | era | ira | ra | | erait | irait | rait |

1. In an interrogative sentence, the final e is written é, and is pronounced as an open è [ɛ]. Additionally, the e in je becomes silent. For example: je marche [ʒe maʁʃ] (I walk), marché-je? [maʁʃɛːʒ] (do I walk?)

2. The following verbs have the ending -ont: ils sont (they are), ils ont (they have), ils font (they do), ils vont (they go).

3. only in je/tu peux (I/you can), je/tu veux (I/you want), and je/tu vaux (I am/you are ‘worth’).

4. Verbs in -dre have a final d for the 3rd singular person, except for those ending in -indre and -soudre which take a final t.

5. The only verbs having this ending are: assaillir (assail), couvrir (cover), cueillir (pluck), défaillir (default), offrir (offer), ouvrir (open), souffrir(suffer), tressaillir (shiver), and in the imperative only, avoir (have), savoir (know), and vouloir (want).

6. Except for je vins (I came), je tins (I held), etc…, que je vinsse (that I come), que je tinsse (that I hold), etc…

Below are some more prepositions, each one has its own meaning that you need to memorize.

Prepostions list:

French Prepositions |

à – to | envers – toward |

à côté de – next to | environ – approximately |

après – after | jusque – until |

avant – before | loin de – far from |

avec – with | malgré – despite |

contre – against | par – by |

dans – in | parmi – among |

de – from, of | pendant – during |

depuis – since | pour – for |

derrière – behind | près de – near |

devant – in front of | sans – without |

durant – during | sous – under |

en – in, on | sur on |

entre – between | vers – toward |

How to Conjugate French Verbs

By IKnowHowToDoit, eHow Member

User-Submitted Article

Learn how to conjugate regular -er, -ir, and -re verbs in the present tense.

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

1. 1

For regular -er verbs:

* take the infinitive of the verb (marcher)

* remove the -er ending from the verb so you end up with the stem (march)

* add the ending onto the stem (je:e, tu:es, il/elle/on:e, nous:ons, vous:ez, ils/elles:ent)

je marche

tu marches

il/elle/on marche

nous marchons

vous marchez

ils/elles marchent

2. 2

For regular -ir verbs:

* take the infinitive of the verb (choisir)

* remove the -ir ending from the verb so you end up with the stem (chois)

* add ending onto the stem (je:is, tu:is, il/elle/on:it, nous:issons, vous:issez, ils/elles:issent)

je choisis

tu choisis

il/elle/on choisit

nous choisissons

vous choisissez

ils/elles choisissent

3. 3

For regular -re verbs:

* take the infinitive of the verb (vendre)

* remove the -re ending from the verb so you end up with the stem (vend)

* add ending onto the stem (je:s, tu:s, il/elle/on:no ending, nous:ons, vous:ez, ils/elles:ent)

je vends

tu vends

il/elle/on vend

nous vendons

vous vendez

ils/elles vendent

Time place and demonstrative pronouns have a very important role in French, therefore they need very special attention. Once you’re done with French Prepositions, you might want to check the rest of our French lessons here: Learn French. Don’t forget to bookmark this page.

————————————————-

Ir Ending Verbs

| accomplir | |

j’ | accomplis |

tu | accomplis |

il/ elle | accomplit |

nous | accomplissons |

vous | accomplissez |

ils/elles | accomplissent |

| | bâtir | |

je | bâtis |

tu | bâtis |

il/ elle | bâtit |

nous | bâtissons |

vous | bâtissez |

ils/elles | bâtissent |

Practice conjugating -ir regular verbs! | Verbs of this type |

accomplir | ** | to accomplish |

bâtir | ** | to build |

choisir | ** | to choose |

embellir | ** | to make beautiful |

envahir | ** | to invade |

finir | ** | to finish |

grandir | ** | to grow up |

obéir | ** | to obey |

punir | ** | to punish |

remplir | ** | to fill |

réunir | ** | to reunite |

réussir | ** | to succeed |

saisir | ** | to seize |

i have 26 books. J’ai 26 livres

i spent 5 euros for my lunchJ’ai passé 5 euros pour mon lunch

i spent 5 hours for sleepingJ’ai passé 5 heures pour dormir

Marlanne Orilla February 28 at 1:55am Report

Hi Kleire,

Di kita nakita last saturday…

Pumunta ka ba? I’ll call you tomorrow…

God bless!

-Ate Lani

i Kleire,

In any case, please keep a copy of my cel number 🙂 09228707082

I’ll see you 3:45pm 5th floor CR near mini-theatre 🙂

God bless!!

Prépositions – French Prepositions

French regular -IR verb conjugations |

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