1/5/14
1/5/14
Geography Chapter 1
1) world population Growth
What is world population?
It is the total number of humans living on Earth at a given time.
What is population growth?
* It is the change in population size over time. The rapid growth of humans leads to global concerns of the availability of resources.
* The population growth can either be negative, positive or neutral.
* The human population sometime experiences rapid and dramatic increases most commonly known as population explosion.
* A population that remains constant is called a zero population growth
Factors that affects Population Growth
The two main factors are:
1. Birth Rate
– The number of babies born per 1000 live births
2. Death Rate
* The number of deaths per 1000 people
The rate of natural increase is found by subtracting the birth rate from the death rate
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... birth rate. In this model the birth rate is mostly the only factor that controls the speed of population growth. If the birth rate ... between biological evolution in populations and the model of human population growth. The human population increases in geometrical progress. ... number of individuals in the population (Unbounded Populations n.p.). If P (t) is the number f individuals in population ...
*Workings have to be strictly show, must interpret data from the given questions
The rate of natural increase shows how fast the population grows
* Positive = Increase
* Negative = Decrease
* Neutral = Remain Unchanged
The significant increase that occurs in our population could have been due to 3 reasons
* Improvement in the standard of living
* Improvement in medical and health care
* Increase in crop yield caused by the developments of antibiotics, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, the application of mechanization to the farm
Population Distribution
It refers to the way people are spread out over an area of land. The distribution of our world population is uneven; this is due to the fact that physical and human factors play an important role.
Population is usually concentrated in areas with high agricultural productivity, urbanized and industrially developed place. This brings about a favorable living condition and thus attracts human inhabitation. Whereas places with hostile environments such as mountains and deserts that do not appeal to humans due to the poor living conditions will generally be less populated.
4 Factors that affect the world population distribution
Physical Factors | Favorable Conditions | Unfavorable Conditions | Explanation |
Relief | Low and flat land such as plains | High land which is mountainous | Land is used for agriculture, development of transport, industries and other economic uses |
Natural Resources | Rich | Poor or scarce | Availability of natural resources such as oil and wood which people can rely on for a livelihood |
Soil | Fertile or alluvial | Infertile | The availability of fertile soil for farming |
Climate | Temperature climates and sufficient rainfall | Extreme climates of hot and cold or the lack of rainfall | Conducive living environment for agricultural activities |
Technological advancements have made places, which were once unsuitable for living can be made favorable for human inhabitation. One such example would be the Ulan Buah Desert in Inner Mongolia of North China where the use of modern technology have allowed roads and buildings to be built as well as to introduce water from the Yellow River through irrigation systems to help make the land more fertile for vegetation.
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2 Human that affect the world population distribution
Human Factors | Favorable Conditions | Unfavorable Conditions | Explanation |
Political | Countries with stable government | Countries with unstable government | Conducive and secure living environments gives people a peaceful live |
Economic | More job opportunities | Limited Job Opportunities | People can have jobs to earn money and start a family |
Population Density
It is the indication of the number of people living in a unit area of land in a particular place. Population density allows us to view the average number of people but not the actual number. It differs from country to country based on the total population and size of the country. The population density is usually greater in urban areas compared to rural areas. In this case we can say that urban areas is usually densely populated, while rural areas are usually sparsely populated. Some places are also moderately populated.
Population Density can be found by taking the (total number of people and dividing it by the unit area of land)
Population Pyramid
The population pyramid refers to the population structure of a country that shows the males and females within the different age group. From the population pyramid we can infer different information from it such as sex ratio, life expectancy, birth rate, death rate, living condition.
Less developed countries with low levels of material wealth, tend to experience a high rate of population growth, example of these countries are Kenya, Nigeria.
Population Pyramid for Less Developed Countries
* Pyramid Shape
* Wide Base (High Birth Rate) (More youths than working adults and elderly)
* Narrow Top (High Death Rate due to Short Life Expectancy or Poor Living Conditions, usually poor sanitation and health care)
Factors of High Birth Rate
Children as Labour
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* In agricultural based economy most commonly seen in less developed countries, children are used as laborers to aid in farming due to low technology development, thus explaining the high demand
Poor *Family Planning
* Families are on educated about birth control methods and the benefits of having smaller families.
* Religion forbids the use of birth control methods
Preference for Boys
* Having males are highly regarded and important in some Asian cultures
* Usually regarded as a valuable asset as they are strong and able to work in the farm
Early Marriage
* Women marry at an early age thus they have more childbearing years
*Low Infant Mortality Rate
– More children survive after their first birthday due to improved medical and health care.
*Family Planning – The planning of when and how many children to have in a family
*Infant Mortality Rate – Refers to the number of children who die before the age of one per 1000 live births
Causes of a high rate of Population Growth
Improved Medical and Health Care
* Availability of more technology, knowledge and medicines and better trained doctor and nurses
* Medical Care can prolong life, so it better medical care increases the life expectancy
* Allows more babies to have a higher chance of surviving
Better Diet
* More food is grown due to the improvement of farming techniques
* Better quality food can also be grown with the advancements in technology
Better Sanitation
* Clean and safer drinking water
* More hygienic environment
* Prevents people from dying from diseases as a better environment minimizes the growth and contraction of diseases
Causes of a high rate of Population Growth
Rising demand for resources
* Rising demand for food, water and buildings as they are all necessities for living
* People might suffer a shortage of these resources as they are limited and not sufficient to support everyone
High unemployment rate
* Jobs are limited and the number of job seekers exceed the number of jobs available if there is a large population
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Rise in pollution
* More water, land and air pollution from human waste and sewage. Agriculture and transportation also contributes significantly.
Rise in poverty and criminal activities
* When people cannot get employment they will not have income to obtain proper food, water, housing and education. As a result, they remain poor or hey carry out criminal activities such as robbery.
Increase in demand for housing
* More houses are needed for people to live in
* The result of thee are formations of slums and poorly build squatters, which are unfavorable for living
Lack of facilities
* Insufficient school to provide education to the young
* Insufficient hospital and medical staff to provide and health and medical care