Rakhi Mira Patel
Period 7
Civics 8
History of the High-Rise Buildings
The high-rise building has inspired and molded our cities today. The history of these buildings has affected the ones today. High-rises hold great importance today. Without these architectural structures, the world would not be the same as it is at this moment. Every form of a high-rise from Ancient Rome to the 1880s New York has shaped therefore setting the example for the rest of the world. These buildings are symbolic, and they are a form of power. They are what make up a city. What would a city be if it were city with no high-rises? It wouldn’t be a city. High-Rises are a sign of power for a city, and cities are a sign of power for a country. Not only do cities rely on these, but also so do countries. Out of them all, the objects of the necessity to have these buildings are people. People use these buildings for many things. The importance of this architectural art cannot be expressed enough.
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the definition of High-Rise, or Skyscraper, is a very tall building of many stories. High-Rise buildings have many purposes. It ranges from being used as a residential tower to being used as an office building. It could have a commercial use. Also, it can be referred to as a MDU, a multi dwelling unit. These buildings are normally found on more expensive land. They are found in more populated urban areas most of the time together. To be considered a high-rise one of the requirements is that the building has to have need for the use of an elevator. The modern High-Rise is only possible because of this. According to the US National Fire Protection Association, the building must have about 7 stories to be considered a High-Rise.
The Research paper on Safety Management in Building in Dhaka City
... CITY 5.1 General Dhaka city is experiencing a building construction boom at present. There is a culture of high rise buildings, foot over bridges, building ... Task Expertise On the majority of construction tasks performed today, expertise in a task resides only within the ... is extremely important and must be applied while using Power Tools. When operations present potential eye injuries, adequate and ...
The High-Rise building can be classified many ways. Some of these classifications are a tower block, apartment tower, office tower, residential tower, and skyscraper. Most of the classifications follow their names. An apartment tower is a High-Rise that’s console purpose is to be full of apartments. An office tower is a High-Rise that is used as an office. Skyscrapers are a bit more complex. A High-Rise is a skyscraper that generally has 50 or more stories. ‘Skyscraper’ literally means that it scrapes the surface of the sky. “A skyscraper is a pillar that connects earth to heaven.”
Over time the materials of High-Rise buildings have developed and become easier to use. The first modern high-rise had a metal frame. Some other frames that are used are steel, concrete, and steel and concrete. The frame of the high-rise has to be able to withstand wind, or any other potential natural forces – like an earthquake. Also, High-Rise buildings need strong foundations because they normally have to oppose heavy gravity forces. These foundations can be made out of concrete or beds of solid rock.
High-Rise buildings hold great importance to culture and society. They are symbols from a city’s economic power. They make up the city’s skyline, and often are symbols for the city itself – they define the identity of a particular city. An age-old popular Skyscraper symbol is axis mundi, or world center, which means that the skyscraper is a connection from heaven to earth and North, West, South, and East to each other. High-Rise buildings have triggered many arguments because this type of architecture holds more symbolic power than any other. High-Rise buildings are a symbol for development, progress, and modernization.
Throughout time, High-Rise development built itself up. In our history, new techniques and buildings sprouted up from the ground becoming more modern and advanced by the century. From time of Ancient Rome to traditional Shibam ancestors of the High-Rise impacted today’s modern city skyscrapers and high-rise buildings.
The Term Paper on The Problems And Solutions In Building An Age-friendly City
The Problems and Solutions in Building an Age-friendly City The Problems and Solutions in Building an Age-friendly City: Economic Conditions for the Elderly in Singapore Prepared By: Tang Jiahui & Qian Ziyuan NUS SM2 Batch 16, Group 1 Prepared For: Dr. Lira Dumaguing April 7, 2013 1 The Problems and Solutions in Building an Age-friendly City 2 Table of Contents List of Tables &# ...
As the Roman Empire expanded, Ancient Rome and other parts of the Empire became more populated. A particular early High-Rise building was called an insula. They were normally found in Ancient Rome and Ostia. Insulae were about 5 or more stories high. They were built largely on expensive land for the working class/middle class. These economically practical buildings as well as providing housing also used its first floor for tabernae, or shops. These shops could be bakeries, diners, barber’s shop, artisan workshops, or commercial establishments. These buildings would normally be named after the person who owned them. During Ancient Rome, the popular demand and more expensive rooms were closer to the bottom, which is opposite of today. Also, the lower floors rooms were larger in comparison. The pumping systems for water only worked with the lower floors. Residents of the higher floors had to use public water and bathrooms. Because of such limitation on water and the cheap construction of these buildings, they often collapsed or caused serious fires. These buildings were made out of timber, mud brick, and sometimes concrete. In the cases they would use bricks, they would be smoothed over and covered with concrete. After many collapses of buildings, emperors started to restrict the heights on these buildings. Augustus limited insulae to 21 meters, and then Trajan restricted them to 58 feet. However, these restrictions were often not met.
Another place and time that another ancestor of the High-Rise was found was in Roman Egypt. Oxyrynkhos was the capital of the upper Egypt province that had many uncovered papyri. On the papyrus documents, there was religious texts, masterpieces of Greek classic, and drawings of Oxyrynkhos. On these drawings it is uncovered that there were 7 story tall high-rises in Roman Egypt. Of course they are not standing today because a fire destroyed the city, so very few is known about them except for the fact of their existence.
The Essay on Building Of The Stadium People City Million
Building of a West Side Stadium In my opinion they should build the West Side stadium. It would give us a chance at the 2012 Summer Olympics as well as give us a chance at bringing the Jets to New York where they belong. It would also help open up job here in New York City for construction workers like myself and open up many opportunities for people all over the city. The building of the West ...
In Arab Egypt, Fustat, or Old Cairo, was known for its beauty, its prosperity, with shaded streets, gardens, marketplaces, and it’s residential buildings. These residential buildings could house hundreds of people. There were records saying that they were 7-14 stories tall. There were roof gardens with ox-drawn waterwheels for the garden’s irrigation. Sometimes these buildings were described as minarets. A minaret is a architectural feature that is described as a tall conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building with a onion shaped or cone-shaped top.
During the Medieval times in Bologna, Italy structures cluttered medieval Bologna called the Towers of Bologna. Included in this title are towers and gateways/arches. There used to be at least a hundred of these towers that dotted the city skyline. Now, due to fires and lightning, there only stands 20 left. The most famous of the Towers of Bologna, which also characterize medieval Bologna even today, are the two towers. They are the traditional symbol of Bologna, Italy. These towers both lean. The taller of the two is the Asinelli tower. The smaller of the two, which also leans more, is the Garisenda tower (the Garisenda tower had to be lowered due to the dangerous slant and the soft ground).
They were built in 1109-19. The Asinelli tower is 97.2 meters high, and the Garisenda tower is 47 meters high. The Asinelli slope is 2.33 meters, and the Garisenda slope is 3.22 meters. These towers have been used multiple different ways changing throughout Bologna’s ages. During the Medieval time, these towers were used as prisons. During World War II, they were watch-out towers. These towers have mainly been used for signaling and defense.
Shibam, Yemen is famous for the tallest mud brick buildings in the world. They were built in the 16th century, and the city is often referred to as “the oldest skyscraper city in the world”. It has one of the oldest examples of building on the principle of vertical construction. Each building was 7 to 16 stories high built out of solely earth and mud bricks. Rain, erosion, and floods are the main threat to this trendsetting ancient city. The residents lime wash and use lots of sealant to ensure the safety of their building. These buildings had been made in a style to protect the citizens of Bedouin attacks. The tower houses in Shibam had different purposes for each floor. The higher floors would have one or two apartments that could be used by the entire family. There were also bridges and doors connecting the housing units. This was the other way to get to another house instead of walking up the extreme staircases. On the third or fourth floor there were the women’s quarters. On the second floor, there was a main room for men to socialize. Both, the men and women quarters, had carved plasterwork in them and wooden columns that supported the ceiling, so it helped hold the building up. These buildings were very sturdy. On the ground floor, which are windowless, were used as storage, mainly grain. Above that were the domestic uses. The city Shibam, Yemen had many names because of their famous buildings. Among those names were “The Manhattan of the Desert”, “The Valley of Mudbrick”, and “the Oldest Skyscraper City of the World”.
The Term Paper on National building code
... of street fronting the building, or floor area ratios and the local fire fighting facilities available. For fire protection requirements of high rise buildings. Annex ‘C’ may ... one required means of egress shall preferably be a fire tower. 4.13.2 The fire towers shall be constructed of walls with a two hr. ...
The Ancient aspects of high-rise buildings helped form the idea of a high-rise, and from there it has developed so much. Modern development of High-Rise buildings has brought the High-Rise from Chicago’s home-insurance building in 1885 to what will be the Freedom Tower in New York City. Soon, the idea of these tall magnificent buildings became a necessity for important cities.
Before Steel framed skyscrapers there was a building method called solid masonry. Masonry is a building that is made out of single units bonded together with mortar. The tallest masonry building in the United States is Philadelphia’s City Hall. The last of the solid masonry generation of high-rise buildings was Burnham and Root’s Monadnock building. It was built in 1891.
Another first during the development of the High-Rise was the Equitable Life Building in New York City. It was built in 1870, and it was the first to have passenger elevators. The necessity of the elevator came of the demand of the top floors. Before, the top floors were the least desirable, and the bottom floors were the most expensive. Throughout modern development, the demand of residing on the higher floors surpassed the demand for the lower floors. It was the “done thing to want to be on a higher floor”. The price grew the higher the floor.
The first real high-rise buildings constructed in the United States of America were developed and built in the 1880s. The first office high-rise building – according to definition – was Chicago’s home-insurance building, completed in 1885. It went down in History as the first real modern skyscraper. It had 10 stories and 180 feet tall. It was also the first to use a steel frame. This allowed it to have more stability and less weight then the traditional masonry most buildings were made out of. This building set the bar high for newer generations of skyscrapers. It was the first of many things including the first of the steel framed skyscrapers, modern plumbing, and fast and safe elevators.
The Essay on Assignment Of Building
... of 9/11 help identify improvements to building and fire codes. They helped identified the need for Elevators high-rise buildings more than 120 feet tall so ... firefighters can get to, and fight fires, without walking up from the ground floor with ...
Modern Development of the High-Rise has designed and influenced today’s high-rises and skyscrapers. The Canadian National Tower, or more popularly called CN Tower, is a broadcast and telecommunications building in Toronto, Canada. It was completed in 1975. It is 1, 815 feet tall. It was the world’s tallest freestanding structure up until 2007. This tower is also commercially used. There is a revolving restaurant at the top, observation decks, extreme viewing options, and a glass floor.
A skyscraper that is due to finish this year is the Eton Place Dalian Tower 1. It is 383 meters tall, located in North China. Once complete it is to be on the list of world’s tallest buildings. The Shard, or formerly known as the London Bridge Tower, was completed in 2012. It is 72-story skyscraper (that is habitable) that is about 309 meters tall. It is the tallest building in the European Union.
The tallest building in the world is Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emrites. It was completed in 2009, and is 829.8 meters tall, or 2,722 feet. It is roughly twice the height of the Empire State Building.
Another important part of high-rise history is the Zoning Law of 1916 in New York City. In the 1870’s New Yorkers started to protest the loss of light and air due to the new high-rise buildings. In 1915, the Equitable Building was demolished – and with it the shadow it cast across 7 acres. This shadow made other buildings seem less valuable and attractive. Therefore, when the light could be seen once again after the 538 feet building was gone, the problem was clear. The Equitable Building was providing itself as an example to why America needed its first zoning restriction. The law when it came in 1916 established height restrictions on the buildings and setback controls. New Yorkers did not want to cap the height of these buildings, however. The law instead decided to manage the shape of the buildings. You could go straight up until you meet a restriction, and then the building would have to become skinnier and then go straight up, and the building would follow this pattern until they said it was 25% and then you could go straight up until the desired height was reached. The amount you moved back on each level was determined by the size of the streets below. The law often was amended, but it centered on this idea. Other cities started to adopt this Zoning Resolution because they found that they had the same problems as these New Yorkers. This law helped shape our high-rises and skyscrapers today. It forced architects to think differently and more creatively. It forced the development of high-rises to move on from the boring straight-up residential high-rise.
The Term Paper on Competence Building For High Performance
Competence Building for High Performance Shailendra Singh, Ph.D. Indian institute of Management Lucknow Introduction: Global competitive pressures, liberalized economic policies, ever-changing customer expectations and technological advancement have put excessive demands on business organizations. In order to survive and thrive business organizations need to prepare themselves in such a way that ...
One of the things that must be considered while building a High-Rise is the safety factor. The building has to hold against the wind. Also, they have to have systems for disasters like collapses due to Earthquakes, or fires, and elevator precautions.
High-Rises, especially Skyscrapers, have a heavy object on the top floors that is free to move on a bearing system (like an air cushion).
Normally the taller high-rises are less prone to dangerous motion than medium-rises. Even with all the precautions, disasters still happen. One particular earthquake-high rise disaster was in Japan and the Kanto Earthquake Disaster in 1923. The earthquake and the fires that followed claimed 130 lives in total. The fires that followed overturned many things (and destroyed many buildings) and combined with wind issued mass destruction to Kanto, Japan.
High-Rises also have its worst disasters with fires. Fires in high rises are the nightmare of a fire fighter. It proves to be a big challenge to these fighters of fire during emergencies. To help fight these fires, high rise buildings have fire sprinkler systems, as well as evacuation systems. The post-earthquake fires were not the worst it could come to. One of the most important fires in High-Rise building history was the One Meridian Plaza, or also called the Fire that changed the nation. This disaster had set up many systems by providing a gruesome example. The fire had ignited because there were a few oily rags left behind. The fire was around 22 stories up and there were no fire-sprinkler system on that floor. Smoke was pouring out of the windows, as glass rained on the spectators below. Three men ascended the stairs because the elevators had stopped working. One man left behind attached the hose to a fire hydrant. The water pressure was dangerously low. 19 hours later the fire was reported under control. The three firefighters who had ascended died on the 28th floor. A memorial stands close to the Ritz Carlton, where One Meridian Plaza had once stood tall and strong. It simply is three helmets with the caption “To sacrifice one’s own safety in the service of others requires a courage that is rare. Those among us who do are true heroes.” This fire had changed the procedure of firefighters. Also, sprinklers were put on every floor. Stairwells had to have signs signaling what story it is (the crew had thought they were on the 30th floor when in fact they were on the 28th).
New fire codes were written, and more fire precautions were taken so never again they would have to face a disaster like One Meridian Plaza.
Another important fire in was the First Interstate Bank fire in 1988. It was the most devastating fire in Los Angeles high-rise history. In the battle to put out the fire there were sixty-four fire troops, twenty-seven ambulances, four helicopters, fifty-three command officers, 383 firefighters and paramedics, and more. Only one civilian life was lost. This fire was almost out of control, but the dedication of all those people and companies who came together to fight this fire successfully extinguished it, and only 4 floors were destroyed.
Perhaps the greatest high-rise disaster is the attack on The World Trade Centers, or the Twin Towers, often called 9/11, or September 11th. These towers held a lot of power and it symbolized America in a few ways. Terrorists found it a good target because of the power that the twin towers have. The airplane crashing through the building caused a giant explosion, and the heat of it and its fires melted and weakened the steel structure. Eventually they collapsed.
Elevator Precautions are taken in every high-rise. There are instructions in case of emergencies in the elevator, and an alarm button as well. An example of an elevator disaster was, again 9/11. The elevators were a disaster inside of a disaster. The World Trade Centers had one of the greatest elevator systems in the world. There were a hundred and ninety-eight elevators that were rapid and big. When the hijacked planes crashed into these buildings, the elevators turned against its passengers. Many people plunged to their death because the elevator cables were cut and destroyed. Also, fires in the elevator shafts and systems burned people to death. People who were in the elevators when the buildings collapsed didn’t make it either.
From the time of the insulae to the World Trade Center attacks, the methods have been improved and the disasters taken in account for the future. The power these buildings constrain in them make them one of the biggest and most important aspects of life today. The symbolic power, the strong beginnings, and the constant change helps us understand these complex buildings. These buildings have started developing a very long time ago, and as time goes on so does the constant development that improves the high-rise.
