Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11.
Introduction Need of MHDs Principle Of MHD power generation Types of MHD SYSTEM Open Cycle MHD System Closed Cycle MHD System Diffrence between Open Cycle and Closed Cycle MHD System Advantages OF MHD System Disadvantages of MHD System Applications Conclusion
Introduction
Concept given by Michael Faraday in 1832 for the first time.
MHD System widely used in advanced
countries.
Under construction in INDIA.
Need of MHDs
At present a plenty of energy is needed to sustain industrial and agricultural production, and the existing conventional energy sources like coal, oil, uranium etc are not adequate to meet the ever increasing energy demands. Consequently, efforts have been made for harnessing energy from several nonconventional energy sources like Magneto Hydro Dynamics(MHD) System.
Principle Of MHD Power Generation
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction : When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is induced in it, which produces an electric current .
Lorentz Force
F = q(v × B)
on the charged particle (vector),
where, v = velocity of the particle (vector) q= charge of the particle (scalar) B = magnetic field (vector)
The Essay on Notes on Open System Theory
To understand human organizations it is best to describe what is important in their form, aspects, and functions by looking for the cycles of growth + decline and predicting their effectiveness. -Common sense approaches to understand organizations rely on two key assumptions which can be misleading: 1. Nature of an organization of organization are indicated by name of organization 2. Organization ...
Comparison between a Turbo generator and a MHD generator
Types of MHD SYSTEM
OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
HYBRID MHD STEAM PART OPEN CYCLE
CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE AND CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM
Open Cycle System
Closed Cycle System
Working fluid after generating electrical energy is discharged to the atmosphere through a stack . Operation of MHD generator is done directly on combustion products . Temperature requirement : 2300˚C to 2700˚C. More developed.
Working fluid is recycled to the heat sources and thus is used again. Helium or argon(with cesium seeding) is used as the working fluid. Temperature requirement : about 530˚C. Less developed.
NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
The MHD channel operates on extreme conditions of temperature, magnetic and electric fields . So, numerous technological advancements are needed prior to commercialization of MHD systems . Search is on for better insulator and electrode materials which can with stand the electrical, thermal, mechanical and thermo-chemical stresses and corrosion.
ADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM
Conversion efficiency of about 50% . Less fuel consumption. Large amount of pollution free power generated . Ability to reach full power level as soon as started. Plant size is considerably smaller than conventional fossil fuel plants . Less overall generation cost. No moving parts, so more reliable .
DISADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM
Suffers from reverse flow (short circuits) of electrons through the conducting fluids around the ends of the magnetic field. Needs very large magnets and this is a major expense. High friction and heat transfer losses. High operating temperature. Coal used as fuel poses problem of molten ash which may short circuit the electrodes. Hence, oil or natural gas are much better fuels for MHDs. Restriction on use of fuel makes the operation more expensive.
The Essay on Introduction to the Complementary Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant
This paper challenges the conventional method of fuel-based bottoming cycle power augmentation in a combined cycle plant, in which a fuel source is combusted in the hot flue gas stream internal to a combined cycle HRSG - also known as supplementary firing or duct firing. Although duct firing is an effective means of increasing plant capacity, it significantly reduces the plant efficiency. ...
APPLICATIONS
Power generation in space craft. Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments. Defense application.
Conclusion
The MHD power generation is in advanced stage today and closer to commercial utilization. Significant progress has been made in development of all critical components and sub system technologies. Coal burning MHD combined steam power plant promises significant economic and environmental advantages compared to other coal burning power generation technologies. It will not be long before the technological problem of MHD systems will be overcame and MHD system would transform itself from non- conventional to conventional energy sources.
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