Colonialism is a system of external domination in which all aspects of society are controlled by another nation. Colonialism created a pattern of underdevelopment in Belize. For the workers and their family, this pattern of relying only on forestry instead of developing the land created poverty and hardship. Colonialism had positive and negative effects on the Belize society from the 20th century. In the early 20th century, the forest industry revived for a short time. Mahogany and new product chicle, were the main export items in Belize.
In the year 1929 – 2940 the economy of the United States had collapsed. We call this Great Depression. This act caused the price of timber to fall. Later on the produce of chicle had declined again. Belize still did not have a good road system, causing the loggers to go farther to find unused forests. The Belize Estate and Produce Company started the first saw mill in Belize in the year 1933.
Mahogany remained the main export of Belize all through this time. But later on in the years, 1913, 1914 these mahogany workers suffered the most. These workers were paid at an average of $12.64 a month. As of this cause, mahogany. When the mahogany product was in demand and the prices were high more people were paid less, and many more loss their jobs. After the Great Depression crisis the economy never recovered.
The mahogany land owners kept their power over their land up until the 20th century. The Belize Estate and Company owned over half of the best private land in Belize. These lands
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were sold for many different reasons that the mahogany land owners had. After World War II, land owners sold their land to many of the large estates. Most of these lands were sold to people from the United States of America. Over half of all the Belize lands were owned by foreigners. These foreigners were from United States, Britain and England. But these people still didn’t keep these lands for their own use. They again went and resold it at a profit. So the lands of Belize was not kept by one person, instead they would resell the land; having owners from different parts of the world. This was a cycle, selling over and over again. At the end of the year 1971, study showed that over 90% of the freehold lands in the country were owned by foreigners, and most of the land was not being put to use.
In 1883, bananas were exported in small but increasing amounts. In 1922 the industry looked so promising that the United Fruit Company from the United States of America bought the Middlesex Estate in the Stann Creek District. The United Fruit Company built a railroad for the bananas which ran from the valley to a pier built near Dangriga. In the 1930’s the production had stopped due to the fact of plant disease, poor production methods and marketing problems were the major obstacles that the bananas had to make a success of the project.
In the year of the 1930’s colonial government started small land settlements to relieve the unemployment in Belize. At this time many people were unemployed due to the small payment of the mahogany, in which many people were laid off. The Belize settlers were given poor lands, no secure land titles, and absolutely no help in producing or marketing their crops. Then, there was the small citrus industry in the Stann Creek District and the small sugar industry in Corozal. The hard work of the Maya, Garifuna, East Indians, and a few Creole farmers were a few to cultivate these lands. Most of these farmers worked for themselves, therefore having no other occupations in which they could earn extra money.
Agriculture could not succeed without infrastructure for the process of transporting or even marketing these products. The government of Belize was not interested in developing the country/land and even helping the hardworking farmers to cultivate their lands. Due to this, these farmers had to find their own ways to work their land. They worked with no help and without support of the government, as they didn’t have any interest in helping farmers.
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When the economy does not improve, other aspects of life – social, political, cultural and especially educational does not improves. This happens many at times. The Belize Society was divided into different class as the colonialists used the principle of Divide and Rule. They were also divided by their religion, where they lived, by their occupation, by class, and especially by their skin color/race. Each of these groups was encouraged to hate the others, in this act showing that they are better than the others. Those people who accepted these ideas were rewarded – they could get better jobs, invitations to the Government House or mentioned on the King’s Honor list. A civil service job would often get them noticed and provide these benefits.
Education was not a high priority as the United States missionaries were the ones who ran the primary and secondary schools. These students learned more about Europe and Britain then they learned of their country Belize. Then the economy was based on mahogany exports and most men then became Mahogany workers. But the best paid jobs were held by the white and light-skimmed Creole elite.
It was the working class who challenged, and then eventually changed the system. With hard work they changed the system.
Due to these changes the economy was affected. At this point, the economy being affected, people were also affected in all ways. Some of these causes that took place, had effect on Belize in both a good and in a bad way. The workers still struggled to work their way through. They all suffered but they also tried, and did their best. Up to today’s date, whatever took place at about 100 years ago, is still affecting us now, and our economy is becoming worst.
