BHAKRA NAGAL DAM
Bhakra Nangal Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, near the border between Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The dam, located in the village of Bhakra in the Bilaspur region of Himachal Pradesh, is Asia’s largest at 225.55 m (740 ft) high. It is the highest gravity dam in the world. The length of the dam (measured from the road above it) is 518.25 m; it is 304.84 m broad. Its reservoir, known as the “Gobind Sagar”, stores up to 9340 million cu m of water, enough to drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Delhi. The 90 km long reservoir created by the Bhakra Nangal Dam is spread over an area of 168.35 km2. In terms of storage of water, it is the second largest dam in India, the first being Indira Sagar dam in Madhya Pradesh with capacity of 12.22 billion cu m.
Described as ‘New Temple of Resurgent India’ by Jawahar Lal Nehru,[1] the first prime minister of India, the dam attracts tourists from all over India.
HISTORY
The Bhakra-Nangal multipurpose dam was among the earliest river valley development schemes undertaken by independent India, although the project was conceived long before India became a free nation. Preliminary works commenced in 1946. Construction of the dam started in 1948, Jawahar Lal Nehru poured the first bucket of concrete into the foundations of Bhakra on 17 November 1955 [2] and the dam was completed by the end of 1963. Successive stages were completed by the early 1970s.
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FEATURES
The dam, at 741 ft (226 m), is one of the highest gravity dams in the world (compared to USA’s largest Hoover Dam at 732 ft).
The 166 km² Gobindsagar Reservoir, named after Guru Gobind Singh, is created by this dam.
USAGE
The dam was part of the larger multipurpose Bhakra Nangal Project whose aims were to prevent floods in the Sutlej-Beas river valley, to provide irrigation to adjoining states and to provide hydro-electricity. It also became a tourist spot for the tourists during later years because of it huge size and uniqueness.
STATISTICS
It is the largest dam in India
• Type of Dam: Concrete Straight Gravity
• Height: 740 ft (225.55 m)
• Height (above river bed): 550 ft (170 m)
• Length at top: 1,700 ft (520 m)
• Width at top: 30 ft (9.1 m)
• Length at bottom: 325 ft (99 m)
• Width at base: 625 ft (191 m)
• Elevation at top of dam: 1700 ft (above sea level)
• Steel used: 100000 tons
IRRIGATION
The dam was constructed with an aim to provide irrigation to the Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Another reason behind the construction of the dam was to prevent damage due to monsoon floods. The dam provides irrigation to 10 million acres (40,000 km²) of fields in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
Bhakra Nangal dam houses hydroelectric power generators, which are situated on both the sides of the dam. Nangal hydel Channel and Anandpur Sahib Channel are used for power generation and irrigation purposes.
It also has 4 flood gates which are fully functional during the period of floods and also has 2 power- stations situated on the either side of the dam, which receives water through huge pipes which are directly connected from the dam’s reservoir to each power- plant. Each of the power plants comprise of 5 generators, and a power station.
Two power houses with a total capacity of 1000 MW flank the dam, on either side of the river. A smaller subsidiary dam, called the Nangal Dam is located downriver from the Bhakra Dam.
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Although the Bhakra Dam is situated in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh (India), 80/90% of the electricity produced is given to Delhi leaving only 10/20% to Punjab which faces a lack of electricity itself.
AND the total power produces by the Bhakra dam is 1209 MW.
Being the highest dam in India, a large number of tourists visit its reservoir and attractive location. the distance between the ganguwal and bhakra dam is about 30-35 km.
