Reactivity of Metal Carbonates
AIM: To determine if there is a difference in the rate of reaction of different metal carbonates with acid. This is achieved by reacting specific metal carbonates with HCl to determine the amount of CO2 produced in 10 seconds and therefore rate of reaction.
HYPOTHESIS: The sodium carbonate will be the most reactive metal carbonate (produce the most CO2 in a ten second time period) as it is the most reactive metal in the metal reactivity series.
EQUIPMENT:
side arm test tube
rubber stopper – to fit side arm test tube
2cm2 of plasticine
35ml syringe
1 g of sodium carbonate
1g of copper carbonate
1g of magnesium carbonate
30 ml of HCl – Hydrochloric acid
Stopwatch
30cm of 5mm plastic tubing
test tube holder
25ml measuring cylinder
Electronic scales with an accuracy to at least one decimal place
DIAGRAM OF EQUIPMENT
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VARIABLES:
Controlled Independent Dependant
The amounts of carbonate and acid -1g to 10ml The type of carbonate being tested, Sodium Carbonate, magnesium carbonate or Copper Carbonate The reaction rate of the carbonate – the amount of C02 produced over a 10 second time period
The equipment used for each experiment, after being rinsed by distilled water
The same person timing the experiments
The temperature under which the experiment is conducted
SAFETY:
Ensure that appropriate safety gear is worn at all times and that care is taken to not spill any of the chemicals. The stoppered side arm test tube should be pointed away from people at all times and should be properly sealed before the procedure is conducted.
METHOD:
1. Measure out 1g of sodium carbonate using the electronic scales
2. Place the carbonate into the side arm test tube
3. Connect the 35ml syringe to the side arm test tube using the 30cm of 5mm diameter plastic tubing
4. Use the plasticine to create an airtight seal on either end of the plastic tubing, around the end of the syringe and the end of the side arm.
5. Using the 25ml measuring cylinder, measure 10ml of HCl
6. Pour the HCl into the side arm test tube and place the rubber stopper on tightly
7. Measure the amount of CO2 collected in the 35ml syringe in a ten second period, timed using the stopwatch
8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 using magnesium carbonate and copper carbonate
RESULTS:
(graph affixed)
Metal Carbonate: Amount of CO2 Produced in 10 seconds when added to HCl Reaction Rate
Copper Carbonate 31ml 3.1ml sec-1
Magnesium Carbonate 21ml 2.1 ml sec-1
Sodium CCarbonate 4.5ml .45 ml sec -1
DISCUSION:
To make this experiment more accurate and fair, each carbonate/ HCl reaction should be repeated more than once, then the average taken. A reading should also be taken at more regular intervals – as opposed to just at zero and ten. Other acid could also be tested to gain a comparable result. Care should be taken so as to enclose the ends of the plastic delivery tube fully so no CO2 is able to escape which would make the result inaccurate.
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CONCLUSION:
Contrary to the hypothesis, the least reactive of the three metals on the metal reactivity series – copper was the most reactive metal carbonate, while the most reactive metal on the metal reactivity series- sodium was the least reactive metal carbonate. From this small sample of metal carbonates, it can therefore be theorized that each metal carbonate has a different reaction rate and the reactivity of metal carbonates is inversely proportional to the metal reactivity series
