Analysis:
In this experiment sulfuric acid, water, and cyclohexene are combined to integrate a product. This was sent through distillation which then created the reaction product of Cyclohexanol. After this distillation, the cyclohexanol still included hydrogen sulfate and other unreacted materials. To remove the remaining impurities, more distillations and the adding of NaCl and ether were performed. The synthesis of Cyclohexanol from Cyclohexene is an example of hydration reaction.
There were numerous impurities distilled and collected before we reached the final product. at 71o C, the cyclohexene water azeotrope was expected to distill, but because none did, its said to be that all the cyclohexene was used up in the reaction. At 980 C, the cyclohexanol water azeotrope is to distill into another flask. The first drop (low refraction) was at 97.2o C. at 162o C, the boiling point for Cyclohexanol, is the only substance that is left in the reaction flask. To determine its identity and purity, the Cyclohexanol is subject to more tests.
A refractometer is a laboratory apparatus for measuring the refractive index of a substance like water or alcohol. In general, refractometers are utilized to determine the composition and purity of substances quantitatively. (eHow.com).
The Essay on Boiling Point Water Ethanol Distillation
Distillation Andrea PausmaOctober 1, 2001 I. Introduction The process of distillation has been used by humans for years to create alcoholic beverages. Distillation is the process of boiling a pair of liquids with different boiling points and then condensing the vapors above the boiling liquid in an attempt to separate them. One might suspect that the mixed two liquids of different boiling points ...
In this case, it was used to determine the purity of the Cyclohexanol. The lit refractive index of Cyclohexanol is 1.46 ND T at 20o C. The experimental product that came out was 1.3953 NDT at 20.3o C. The corrected value at 20o C was 1.395435 NDT. The difference was .064565 NDT. Because the corrected value was not within .002 NDT of the lit refractive index, the cyclohexanol is a technical grade purity.
The infrared spectroscopy reveal the structures of covalently bonded chemical compounds such as organic compounds. (eHow.com).
For this experiment we used the IR spectroscopy to further confirm the identity to be Cyclohexanol. All the peaks given accommodate for the match of cyclohexanol. The first stretch given to us for the substances identity was an alcohol between 3600-3200 cm-1. The next three peaks shown on the IR were C-H, CH2, and CH3 at 2876cm-1, 1382cm-1, and cm-1. and the last peak which is a C-O bond,was at 1076cm-1.
Due to a malfunction of the Gas Chromatography, all GC data is instructor data. The Gas Chromatography is an analytical chemistry technique in which a sample is vaporized and passed through a column whose walls are covered with a sticky organic solvent; difference chemicals in the sample have different affinities for the solvent and separate as they pass through the column. (found on www.factmonster.com).
we were given two peaks. the first peak contained .001% and the second peak 99.991% of the substance. The 99.991% is found to be the Cyclohexanol. The .001% is the impurities in the Cyclohexanol, which then tells you that Cyclohexanol was not in is complete pure state.
Cyclohexanol was analyzed in many ways in experiment 3. First was the refractive index. The corrected experimental refractive index was 1.395435 NDT and was .064565 NDT away from the lit refractive index of cyclohexanol at 1.46 NDT. These results show that it wasn’t within .002 NDT making it a technical grade purity. Then came the Infrared Spectrometer which showed various peaks which fingerprints match those of alkanes, and two peaks that match the fingerprints of an alcohol at 3600-3200 cm-1, and 1070 cm-1. All of these peaks and fingerprints match those of cyclohexanol. the experimental percent recovered was 60%, as opposed to the starting yield at 20 grams of cyclohexanol being recovered, only 12 grams were. All of the data collected explains to us that cyclohexanol was prepared, but was a technical grad purity which only leaves explanation for an error of either unreacted cyclohexene that was not visible on the IR or due to human mistakes during the experiment.
The Essay on Density Determination Melting Point And Refractive Index
Introduction This laboratory was designed to examine the physical properties of organic compounds. The three properties determined were density, melting point, and refractive index. Every compound has unique physical properties. In this laboratory the experimental results will be compared to the compounds actual cataloged properties, accuracy will then be calculated through percent error. ...
