In India the term ‘’Adivasis’’ have gained lot of popularity in the last few years . Adivasis is a contentious term because it is used to describe tribes as indigenous people . The term tribes as a social category has not only emerged after the independent post colonial state but it has also been used prior to the colonial state to describe the community which is excluded from the mainstream of the society .
In the article ‘’ Tribes as indigenous people ‘’ Virginius Xaxa talks about the status and condition of the tribal communities and how they are marginalized and misunderstood . There are more than 1000 million adivasis in India , and more than 8% of the population . Here the focus of the article is how the tribes have been put into the mainstream of the society by becoming caste , class , peasants and so on . Here they have given three aspects when we conceptualize the indigenous people . First – the indigenous people who live in a country to which they belong before the colonization . second – these people have their own social economic and cultural institution that the laws that are applicable to the society . So the question raised in this article are were the tribes are the natives of India or they are not the natives are their settlements prior to the social group i.e. Aryans . There are some Aryans like Mizo and other tribal like Nagas which have come after the Aryans . Therefore there are tribes which are indigenous and non-indigenous . Interestingly tribes are not the only Dravidians and Asiatic but also the Aryan because if we exclude Indo-Aryan the we also tend to exclude Tibeto-Burman family .
The Essay on The Dalits of India
I had been planning my trip to India for a year. I read about the Dalit people by accident one day while waiting for my car at a car repair shop. The Dalit people — also known as “Untouchables” — have been the most oppressed caste for over 3,000 years, living at the bottom of India’s rigid social order. The word “Dalit” means “broken, ground-down, downtrodden, or oppressed. ” Dalits comprise ...
The relation between tribes and non tribes is of mutual co-existence until the British period . It is less of subjugation and domination . Therefore the interaction between is a complex process . After the colonization notion of indigenous started because they remained outside of the larger society . The tribes tried to maintain their distinctiveness from the Hindu civilization and moreover they escaped subjugation and remained indigenous people .
In ‘’ Why schedule tribe lags behind schedule caste ‘’ Xaxa talks about how the historical development has been different for the schedule caste and schedule tribe where schedule tribe have never been the integral part of the mainstream society . There has been policies for the social tribe for their upliftement of their education and social advancement . The focus of the chapter by ST’s lags behind St is firstly , comparison between St and SC in relation to benefit from which they have been deprived and secondly why one category has done better than the other .
While we talk about their share in the parliament we also talk about their relative size of their population . The schedule caste had better representation in legislation than that of schedule tribe be it hold of ministerial portfolio etc . The schedule caste have leaders like B.R. Ambedkar or Jagjivan Ram both at regional level and national level but on the other hand schedule tribes have failed to carve out space in the national politics .
Critical Analysis
* Interestingly he analysis the relationship between ‘’Tribal’’ communities and the state . Even during pre-colonial times the tribal were at the margin of the state . The state’s efforts to protect the rights of the tribal against the mainstream society and strengthening their tribal cultural institution has been a lot.
The Term Paper on Eagle Child One Tribal People
"Afterword: Black Eagle Child"– by Ray Young Bear " Afterword: Black Eagle Child"– by Ray Young Bear In the spring of 1970, during a smoggy, oily-aired evening in Southern California, I jotted down what was perhaps the first outline of this book. It was a simple one and in some respects no different from the drafts to poems I later published. The one aspect, however, which made this ...
* I agree with Xaxa how colonial description has been administratively registered by the government and people of this tribe who are qualified have access to seats in schools and electoral bodies .
* After the post colonization lot of changes has taken place with tribal communities like embracing Hinduism while some of them leaving traditional profession like hunting and moving towards sanskritisation .
* During the field visit to Attapadi Kerala what I have realized while talking to the people is that the tribal people have made an extra efforts in saving their natural habitat and forest and for them it signifies religious belief that are habitat of god and goddess and they do not want to give up their land for setting up of power plant . In a way they want to constitute their traditional way of living . It is very disconcerting that many scholars or anthropologist for that matter has used the term marginalized section whereas what I saw was that they had their own way of living even it was tradition but they had their own way of sustaining life . The social consciousness of dalits have been different from the tribes and the latter have their own consciousness .
* Here again when we talk about the constitution of India making provisions for the reservations for the tribal people what I feel is even the tribal’s were Hindu but may be they were backward Hindu therefore they suffered inequality which is a product of caste and efforts were made to assimilate them into the mainstream of the society and looking at the other side their condition is still deplorable for instance there is still no provisions that will efficiently protect their land because the the land is passed from tribes to non-tribes by fraudulent means for industrlisation mining etc .
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