The article, Decomposing the Education Wage Gap: Everything but the Kitchen Sink” talks in length about the erosion of “wages ranging from both time and educational status. Their results confirm the importance of investments in and use of technology” (Hotchkiss & Shiferaw, 2011, p. 1).
The authors Hotchkiss and Shiferaw also show that demand and supply factors played very different roles in the growing wage gaps between the 1980s and 1990s.
For example, the labor market looked at two separate sectors; one for skilled workers and the other for individuals with fewer skills. This article suggests numerous supply and demand reasons for the growth in the wage gap primarily because of technological changes and skill- biased technological changes. The authors also discusses how the demand for skilled labor increases, as the returns to a college education should also increase, which, in turn, should lead to an increase in the supply of educated workers, which should put downward pressure on the skills wage gap which is unfortunately not the case (Hotchkiss & Shiferaw, 2011, p. 1.).
Describe How Articles Apply to the Research
Like this article, information provides will demonstrate a clearer understanding of the related differences of various industries supply and demand factors that help explain the growing earnings inequality between education levels, gender, experience, and etcetera. The research will explore the nature and origins of wage differences between men and women of various backgrounds. Consideration factors include such items as the high wages of a few White men, and gendered patterns of occupational and educational choice and work experience. White men are not the only group that out-earns women, although the wage gap is largest between white men and white women, and within other groups, such as African Americans, Latinos, and other races like Asians. Sampling Design
The Term Paper on Wage Gaps And Demographic Behavior
WHY ARE RACIAL AND ETHNIC WAGE GAPS LARGER FOR MEN THAN FOR WOMEN? EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SEGREGATION USING THE NEW WORKER-ESTABLISHMENT CHARACTERISTICS DATABASE Kimberly Bayard, Judith Hellerstein, David Neumark, and Kenneth Troske* September 1998 *Bayard is a Ph.D. student in economics at the University of Maryland. Hellerstein is Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Maryland, ...
Population in statistics refers to “the entire collection of items that is the focus of concern” (Hoffman, 2002, p. 1).
The primary focus of concern in the wages and wage earners data set focuses on the wage gaps between populations with education and populations without higher education. Education has many definitions; some people believe that education is simply graduating from high school and others believe it means earning a bachelor’s degree or certificate from a trade school (Cantu, 2003).
However, most people would agree that higher education leads to increased income. Education plays an important factor when considering wage gaps within a selected population. A close examination of the wages and wage earners data set will indicate if various levels of education have an influence on the wage gaps or not, and additional studies will indicate if men receive higher incomes than women The sample size of the population for the wage and wage earners data set consist of 100 people. From the data set, 54 people of the population consist of women and 46 are men.
The wages earned for men and women rage from 9,879 to 83, 601 dollars with a median of 28, 815.50 dollars, and a sample standard deviation of 16, 947.10 dollars. From the data set, 62% of the people have 12 or fewer years of education, and 86% of the people have 12 years or more of education. Additionally, 22% of the people have 16 or more years of education. The data set breaks down the population by occupation and industry of work. For example a person’s occupation could be manufacturing, construction, or other, and the person’s occupation falls under one of five categories that include management, sales, clerical, service, professional, or other. The data also includes residency, nonwhite, Hispanic, years of work experience, married, age, and whether the person belongs to a union (University of Phoenix, 2011).
The Term Paper on The Role of Ethics in Professional Accounting: How Gender (sex) and education Affect Ethical Behavior
Your last name 1. The success of a business depends largely on its accounting. The role of Accounting in a business can be compared to the role the vertebral column in an organism. It is the spine, the backbone of every business. When well handled, it keeps the business profitable. Like every other professional field, professional accounting is governed by a set of principles which guide the ...
Some primary data collection methods for collecting data include the following: documents, observations, surveys, and experimental. According to Northern Arizona University, data collection methods include literature reviews documents, content analysis documents, diaries documents, secondary data documents and, and historical documents (2001).
“These methods identify trends in leisure research and practices. Participants keep dairies and journals research conduct conducts content analysis of studies, reports and diaries” (Northern Arizona University, 2001, p. 1).
An observation method observes “how people behave and interact in public open spaces” and includes four types of observations; interpretive, ethnographic, participant observer, and case study (Northern Arizona University, 2001, p. 1.).
The observation method of collecting data studies gestures, and the activities of social groups. Survey method includes: Questionnaires, interview, and standardized instruments. A questionnaire collects data to learn about, and to identify the relationships between satisfaction and motivation. The experimental method, collects data under a controlled condition, and obtains information about leisure attitudes, and experiences. The research for the experimental method is random method. Possible Ethical Concerns
Ethical issues and concerns arise during any social research (Bachard, 2003).
The first ethical issue regarding data collection is to ensure participants of an informed consent form. Second, ethical issue regarding online data collection is to prevent children from participating. In a laboratory study, the participant shows proper id, and there is no eligible access. Third ethical issue is to avoid deception so the survey or questionnaire should state correct facts. The fourth ethical issue is to ensure adequate debriefing. The fifth ethical issue is to ensure the confidentiality of the data. The sixth ethical issue is to protect participant rights to with draw from the study at any time. The final ethical issues and concerns are copyright issues. On an online data collection survey, the consent form is in simple language, or a computer microphone. Conclusion
The Essay on Ethical issues
There are numerous ethical issues involved in any organization. Such include, provision of corrupted financial statements by the organization, poor advertising practices, and failure to engage in interactional justice practices in addressing conflicting situation in the organization. This essay seeks to gives a discussion on three business problems that challenge the sustainable economic ...
Various reasons cause gaps in wages including the sex of the individual, backgrounds, experience, and education level. Supply and demand for skilled workers has increased in certain areas. One of those is technology. As the field grows, so does the need for skilled workers. To increase working knowledge, experience along with education play a significant role. The average person would agree that increasing a person’s education level leads to increased wages. Data over the years shows men generally earn more in wages than women, regardless of education. However, data is also consistent in stating as an individual completes more years of education, wages earned also increase. Education is significant in the amount of wages an individual earns.
References
Barchard, K.A. (2003) Ethics in online data collection, Presentation at the Western Psychological Cantu, R. (December 2003).
Texas Labor Market Review. What is value of an education? Retrieved from: http://www.tracer2.com/admin/uploadedpublications/1042_tlmr0312art.pdf Hoffman, H. (February 2002).
Professor Emeritus of Phycology. Internet glossary of statistical terms. Retrieved from: http://www.animatedsoftware.com/statglos/sgpopula.htm Hotchkiss, J. L., & Shiferaw, M. (2011).
Decomposing the Education Wage Gap: Everything but the Kitchen Sink. Federal Reserve Bank Of St. Louis Review, 93(4), 243-271. Northern Arizona University. (2001).
Research & Evaluation in PRM. Module 2: Methods of Data Collection. Retrieved from: http://www.prm.nau.edu/prm447/methods_of_data_collection_lesson.htm University of Phoenix. (2011).
Wages and Wage Earners Data Set. Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/ubam/res341/r4/DataSets/RES341r4Wage
