Dwarfism, Sample of Research papers

5 pages, 2004 words

Araullo High School

Taft Cor. UN Avenue

Ermita Manila

This Research Paper is About :

DWARFISM

Submitted to :

Ms. Elsa Calubayan

Submitted by :

Gellianne Joyce Domingo

Of IV-Aristotle

For Partial Fullfilment of the

Requirement in

English IV S.Y 2011-2012

Topic Proposal

I. Topic Dwarfism

II. Thesis Statement

Dwarfism is Inherited

III. Questions

1. What is dwarfism ?

2. Is there something that is responsible in dwarfism ?

3. May two people who had dwarfism produce a child with a normal height ?

4. How do people acquire dwarfism ?

5. Why is dwarfism differ from height’s ?

IV. References

5 pages, 2372 words

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OUTLINE

I. Dwarfism

A. According to Mc-Graw Hill dwarfism is a short stature resulting from a particular medical condition. It is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than four feet ten inches(147cm.) although this definition is problematic because short structure in itself is not a disorder . can be caused by any one of more than 200 conditions, most of which are genetic. The most common type, accounting for 70% of all cases of short stature, is called achondroplasia

II. People Acquire Dwarfism

A. For Stine, Gerald James Dwarfism can be treated by administering growth hormone secretion result from hormone-secreting tumors of pituitary gland. The cause of growth hormone deficiently can sometimes be traced to a genetic mutation or injury but for most people disorders, no cause can identified. Other causes of dwarfism include deficiencies in other hormones and poor nutrition. Most types of dwarfism are genetic, meaning they’re the result of a change genes that was either inherited passed on from parent to child or happened when a gene mutated in the egg or sperm cell before conception.

5 pages, 2396 words

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III. Two People Who had Dwarfism May Produce a Child

With a Normal Height

A. According to Drlica, Karl short stature can be inherited without any co existing disease. In absence of any abnormal condition is not genetically considered dwarfism because 2 people who had this may produce a child with abnormal height of it is not cause of acromegaly. Because dwarfism is in a person’s gene, it can be inherited from a parent who doesn’t have dwarfism. It is possible for two short stature people to have an average-size child. Person with dwarfism may produce children of normal height, if the cause of their dwarfism is not genetically transmissible or if the individual does not pass on the genetic mutation.

IV. Something that is Responsible in Dwarfism

A. Achondroplasia ia a bone growth disorder responsible for 70% of dwarfism cases. In achondroplasia, the limbs are disproportional short compared to the trunk (abnormal area), with the head larger than normal and characteristics facial features . Growth hormone (GH) stimulates the growth of the bones , muscles and other organs by increasing protein synthesis. It is also resist protein breakdown too little growth hormone secretion can be the result of abnormal development of pituitary gland. A young person suffering from a deficiency of growth hormone remains a small through normally proportioned person called pituitary dwarf . dwarfism associated with endocrine system may be treated using hormonal therapy .

5 pages, 2413 words

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V. Dwarfism Differ From Heightism

A. dwarfism is a highly visible condition and often carries negative commutations in the society. Because of their unusual height, people with dwarfism are often use as spectacles in entrainments and portrayed with stereotypes. For a person with dwarfism, heightism can lead to ridicule in childhood acrodiscrimination in adulthood .

Introduction

All of the people are not born in normal way. Because there is a person who born too short . Some people say it is inherited but there are some parents that are normal in their height. But some of the information that we have it is get by the parents . Other can be cure but some are not . So if you are born short heights don’t lost hope because it is not obstruct in your dreams.

Dwarfism is a short stature resulting from a particular medical condition. It is sometimes define as an condition characterize by adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches, although this defines as a problematic because short stature in itself is not a disorder. It can be caused by about 200 distinct medical conditions, such as that symptoms and characteristics of individual people with dwarfism vary greatly. It can be treated by administering growth hormone . An exess growth hormone secretion can result from hormone secreting tumors of pituitary gland.(Mc-Graw Hill 2004).

Many types of dwarfism are impossible to prevent because they are genetically caused by genetic conditions that caused dwarfism maybe identified with genetic testing, by screening for the specific abnormalities that result in the condition. Dwarfism resulting from malnutrition or a hormonal abnormality maybe treated with an appropriate diet or hormonal therapy. Genetic defects of most forms of dwarfism caused by bone dysplasia cannot be corrected, so therapeutic interventions are typically aimed at preventing or reducing pain or physical disability, increasing adult height or mitigating psychosocial stresses and enhancing social adaptation(Valencia,Nicolas 1977).

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People who had dwarfism have such a wide range of physical characteristics, oddities in individuals are identified by diagnosing and monitoring the underlying disorders. Disproportionate dwarfism is characterize by one or more body parts being disproportionately large or small compared to the rest of the body. In achondroplasia the trunk is disproportionally short, the head being larger than usual, and the forehead being prominent. Facial features are often affected and individual body parts may have a problem associated with them. Orthopedic problems can result from multiple conditions such as diastrophic dysplasia and pseudoachondroplasia. Proportionate dwarfism is marked by body parts being proportional but stunted . Height is significantly below average and there may be long periods without any significant growth. ( Stine, Gerald James 1977)

Sexual development is often delayed in some cases proportionate dwarfism. The overall stunt growth to impaired intelligence when compared to the physical age. Physical male effects of malform bones are vary according to specific disease . Many involve jointpain cause by abnormal bone alinement or from nerve compression. Early degenerative joint disease, exaggerated lordosis or scoliosis, and constriction of spinal chord or nerve roots can cause pain and disability. Reduced thoratic size can restcict lung growth and reduce pulmonary function some forms of dwarfism are associated with disordered function of other organs, such as brain or liver, sometimes severely enough to be more disabling than abnormal bone growth . (Drlica, Karl 2004)

Achondroplasia is a bone growth disorder responsible for 70% of dwarfism cases. In achondroplasia, the limbs are disproportionally short compared to the trunk (abdominal area ), with the head larger than normal and characteristics facial features. Conditions in humans characterized by disproportional body parts are typically caused by one or more genetic disorders in bone cartilage development . A person with a disorders may pass along either mutated or normal copy to his or her own children. Mantal effects also varied according to the specific underlying syndromes. In most cases of skeletal dysplasia, such as achondroplasia, mental function is not impaired in any way . However, there are syndromes which can effect the cranial structure and growth of the brain, Severely impairing mental capacity. Unless the brain is directly affected by the underlying disorder, there is little mental to no chance of mental impairment that can be attributed to dwarfism. (Adelson, Betty 2005)

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The cause of growth hormone deficiency can sometimes be traced to a genetic mutation or injury, but for most people with disorder, no cause can be identified. Dwarfism can be treated by a administering growth hormone secretions result from hormone secreting tumors of pituitary gland. Most types of dwarfism include deficiency in other hormones and poor nutrition. Most types of dwarfism are genetic, meaning they’re result of a change in genes that was either inherited passed on from parent to child or happened when a gene mutated in the egg or sperm cell before conception. A few types of dwarfism can be caused by a growth hormone deficiency or if a baby or childs body does not absorb the nutrients needed for proper growth . Doctors can usually treat these cases in childhood.( John F. Nunn, 2002).

Short stature can be inherited without any co-existing disease. Short stature in the absence of any abnormal condition is not genetically considered dwarfism because two people who had produce a child with a normal height of it is possible for two short people to have an average-size child. Person with dwarfism may produce children of normal height, if the cause of their dwarfism is not genetically transmissible or if individual does not pass on the genetic mutation(Stine, Gerald James 1977).

There is no single treatment for dwarfism, individual abnormalities, such as bone growth disorders, some hormone disorders can be treated through surgery and some hormone disorders can be treated through medication , but usually it’s impossible to treat all the symptoms of dwarfism. Lifestyle changes often are needed to cope with the effects of dwarfism. Such devices as specialized furniture often help people with dwarfism to function normally . Many support groups help individuals with dwarfism cope with the challenges they face and with developing and maintaining their independence . (Torres, Louie 1999)

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Conclusion

Based on my information that i’ve got i’ve knew that dwarfism can be inherited by their parents. Even if their parents were both normal in their heights were not so sure that our heights will be the same as they were. Most of all your mother didn’t took care of you in her womb. But you can grow in a normal height even though your parents are short . Because the reason of being short of a person is genetically transmissible on if the individual does not pass on the genetic mutation. If you were born in abnormal height don’t lost hope because it is not obstruct in your dream.

Acknowledgement

I owe my deepest gratitude to my adviser Mrs.Elsa Calubayan

for the continuous support of my english study and research,

for her patience and immense knowledge.

Her guidance helped me

in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.

I thank God

For wisdom and knowledge that He has blessed me.

You made me strong

You gave me reasons to go and make the best out of me

You guided me all the way here

And embrace me with your undying love and protection.

You are the reason why I am here.

I am grateful for my parents,

Who helped me through all these

Thank you for supporting me in every way.

Thank you for being strong for me and

For giving me the best that life can give.

For my classmates,

Who really helped me a lot and made things easier for me.

To all my teachers,

Thank you for believing in me

And in helping me to bring out the best in me.

I truly will not forget you.

To my cousin Ricalyn,

Thank you for letting me bother you

And in giving time to help me even

And even sacrifice your sleep.

To my new found friends,

Who really helped me made efforts for me.

I will truly treasure it.

To Jhenny,

Who gave time to help me in any way he could possibly can.

Thank you!

I appreciate your time and effort, boss!

To Kulit

Who, even not here, morally support me.

Thanks for the strength and encouragement.

And especially to my beloved teacher

Mrs.Elsa Calubayan

This couldn’t be possible without you.

Thank you.

Bibliography

Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date).

Book title. Additional information. City of publication: Publishing company.

Batchelor, Mary.(1989).