GENERAL FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING: A CASE STUDY
INTRODUCTION In academic writing, there are many feature groups that are widely used and take important role. Each of which have general functions and distribution in the writing, however, since there are many types of writing such as thesis, journal papers, research proposal,etc, so that the usages of these groups are also various. Therefore, an understanding about the functions and contributions of features of academic writing is essential in order to use them correctly and efficiently. In this small research project, I will examine three groups of features including qualifiers to make levels of certainty, citation method and organizational devices. There are really many studies on these issues in a general case such as Bloch, J. &Chi L. (1995), Ken Hyland & John Milton (1997), however, in this project I would like to concentrate on those writings in my research area, especially, physical-journal papers.
The research project is organized as following: the next section is devoted to Methodology presenting contents that I will look for in the chosen article. The findings and discussion will be given in section III. Section IV is conclustion.
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METHODOLOGY In order to investigate the usage of the three groups of features in writing journal papers, I find and discuss their functions and distributions occurred in scientific paper name “_Spin Hall effect in a system of Dirac fermions in the honeycomb lattice with intrinsic and Rashba spin-orbit interaction_” published in Physical Review B (Dyrdal et al, 2009).
The article includes 5 pages of text and are typical in my research area. For the purpose of this research project, I will look for phrases/words belonging to one of three groups as following:
Group I: certainty qualifiers includes words like clearly, generally, probably, etc, and phrases like according to… I also count modal auxiliaries like can, may, might.
Group II: Methods of citing includes single citations and multi citations
Group III: limit within two structures: (i) “this+summary word” and (ii) logical sequence ABC.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This section is devoted to discuss what are found in the article, in which I will concentrate on three groups of features including certainty/uncertainty qualifiers, citing methodand organizational devices. I will point out the general functions as well as the distribution of each group in the article.
The last group is organizational devices in which writers use phrase structure like ‘this + summary word’ and logical structure like ‘AB; BC’. These kinds of organizational devices concise sentences by replacing a wordy statement by a summary word and make consecutive statements logical. We can find these structures throughout the article, for example, in phrase “_This effect, know as spin Hall effect…_”, ‘_This effect’_ replaces ‘…_transverse current and spin accumulation may be induced by electric current’_. Another example, “_Such a situation_” replaces “Rashba coupling vanishes, while the intrinsic spin-orbit interaction is nonzero”. Especially, if we consider an equation is a statement then we see that writers repeatedly use phrases like ‘This formula/these formulae’ in sentences after equations. Another structures are some kinds of logical order, for example in two consecutive sentences “(1)…_such an interaction may be of intrinsic or _extrinsic origin. (2)The extrinsic SHE_ is associated with scattering mechanism_,…”, we see that interactionextrinsic originscattering mechanism. Further example, in two sentences “(1)…_spin Hall conductivity is shown in Fig. 3 for λR=0.1 meV and three different values of ΔSO (smaller than λR).
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(2)When ΔSO is much smaller then _λR…”.
Above paragraphs discuss the general functions as well as distribution of three group of features of academic writing in the article. As reading many papers in the same field, I see that all features in given articles are quite typical, especially the citing method and organizational devices. However, the usage of group certainty/uncertainty qualifiers is various among writers depending on their writing experience as well as researching depth since writers have to understand deeply the relevant topic in order to strengthen or weaken any claim. Therefore, we have to analyze more articles of various authors to work out the most general features.
CONCLUSION In this small research project, by analyzing a scientific article in a typical journal of my area, I point out the distribution of each groups of features as well as their functions. As can be seen, those features are used widely throughout the articles. The authors used qualification when they want to strengthen or weaken some statements and results in order to compare the importance and correctness of their findings and of the others. Moreover, the citation method is very typical for a physical article, it is particularly advantage in the case of multi-citation since it can be presented in a compact form. Another important group of feature used in this article is organizational devices, this help the authors to connect sentences coherently and logically.
References
A. yrdal, V. K. Dugaev, Barnas (2009), Spin Hall effect in a system of Dirac fermions in the honeycomb lattice with intrinsic and Rashba spin-orbit interaction, Physical Review B 80, 155444
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Bloch, J., & Chi L. (1995).
A comparison of the use of citations in Chinese and English academic discourse. In D. Belcher & G. Braine (Eds.).
Academic writing in a sec- ond language: Essays on research and pedagogy (pp. X-274).
Norwood NJ: Ablex.
Ken Hyland & John Milton (1997), Qualification and Certainty in L1 and L2 Students’ Writing, Journal of second language writing, 6(2), 183-205
