Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the eggs were associated with high cholesterol levels, which contributed to heart disease, although this now has been proven to be false. The communication of the cholesterol information is one major reason for the continuing decline in US per capita egg consumption; from 402 in 1945 to 259 in 2003. Results show that cholesterol information is a deterrent in decisions about consumers’ decisions to consume eggs and how much to consume, however, there are also significant demographic variables including income, region, age, education, race/ethnicity, occupation, and education. So, what can we do to make consumers aware of the facts and improve the egg consumption?
History and Relevant Facts
From 1945 to 1997 the per capita egg consumption dropped from 402 to 236, which is almost half of the consumption. The declining egg consumption was due to many variables such as changes in lifestyle (i.e. less time to prepare breakfast) and eating patterns that has caused a decrease in the “traditional” cooked breakfast for families. (Best, Hawkins, & Mothersbaugh, 2007) Also, there seems to be an increasing trend for consumers to prefer convenience (i.e. fast foods and/or microwavable foods), eggs were simply not the answer to this type of consumers’ food demand. Eggs are not readily microwavable, and they tend to be excluded from microwavable frozen meals, although this market is slowing increasing. Another factor was women working outside of the home (dual-income households) have made it hard for the whole family to sit down together and share a cooked breakfast; cereal and bagels were much faster and more convenient to consumers. Once it was recognized that cereal could cater to these duel income households launched a massive advertising of cereal companies shifted consumers away from eggs for breakfast (with having a budget five times that of the American Egg Board).
The Essay on Demand Analysis of low-calorie microwavable food
QD = 20,000 – 10P + 1500A + 5PX + 10 I Since R2 is considerable high, the model explains the demand quite well. Putting the values of P, A, Px and I in the above equation, we get, Converting all price into dollars, we get, QD = 20,000 – (10×8000) + (1500×64) + (5×9000) + (10×5000) = 131000 Now, own price elasticity (ep) = × = -10, P = 8000, Q = 131000 Own Price elasticity (ep) = – 10 × ...
Additionally, there is also the fact that eggs are not traditionally eaten at any other meal; usually only breakfast. The increasing number of fast food restaurants and the increasing demand for convenient microwavable products also added to the decline in egg consumption. Probably the most significant reason that consumers stopped eating eggs was the perception that cholesterol intake was associated with eggs, this was publicized that eggs contained cholesterol which, in turn, can cause heart disease; this pushed consumers away from eating eggs, especially since eggs contained one of the highest concentrations of cholesterol. (Best, Hawkins, & Mothersbaugh, 2007) Even where the consumer may be at low risk and may have no concerns about the cholesterol of eggs, the high food value and fat content still leave the product high in calories relative to its weight, a concern which has further decreased egg consumption.
In 1996 many reports indicated that eating eggs in moderation did not pose a risk of increased body cholesterol for most consumers. Although this information was released to the public, the consumptions of eggs only increased less than an egg a month. (Best, Hawkins, & Mothersbaugh, 2007)
The American Egg Board (AEB) decided it was time to do something about it so they launched an “I Love Eggs” campaign in hopes education consumers and increase egg consumption. Upon completion of a three-part consumer research study in 1998, the results showed that more than one-third of consumers felt better about eating eggs, but that was still not enough. The AEB still had the inconvenience of cooking eggs for breakfast working against them, along with the lack of awareness of the nutritional positives that eggs possess. (Best, Hawkins, & Mothersbaugh, 2007)
The Term Paper on High Prices Gas
High Prices Gas Scientists and specialists in oil and gas industry believe that energy tops the list of problems facing humanity today because it impacts all other major problems, including water, food, environment, poverty war, disease, education, democracy, and population. Energy impacts everything that occurs in modern society. The US was built on the shoulders of reliable and affordable ...
The AEB launched several other campaigns like “If It Ain’t Eggs, It Ain’t Breakfast” and “Capture the Weekend Breakfast” to get consumers to think about eggs for breakfast. Next the AEB shifted the negative egg publicity and tried to focus on the positive; their nutritional value and protein by launching ads like “Incredible egg” and the “I love eggs” slogans. (Best, Hawkins, & Mothersbaugh, 2007)
In addition to the campaigns and advertising, the AEB engaged in consumer education to get the word to consumers in hopes to create more publicity. The Journal of the American College of Nutrition published a study proving that it was alright to consume two eggs a day and other items such as booklets, games, newsletters, videos, recipe contests, and articles in newspapers and magazines were also part of the ad campaign by AEB to increase consumers awareness; which actually increased per capita egg consumption from 236 in 1997 to 254 in 1999 to 259 in 2003.
The popularity of the Atkins “low carbohydrate-high protein” diet may also have contributed to the growing reputation of eggs as part of a healthy diet and to lose unwanted pounds. The increasing awareness of these benefits may have helped the egg industry rebound from declining consumption over the years.
Root Problem and Components
Although there were many variables that contributed to the decline in per capita egg consumption, the major reason was the high level of risk that consumers felt they would endure with heart disease if they consumed eggs; the perception of cholesterol intake that is associated with eggs. Because of egg cholesterol content, reduction in egg consumption was recommended to reduce the risk of heart disease.
In the 1960s, doctors had concrete data that linked heart attacks and strokes to high levels of cholesterol in the blood. So it just seemed like common sense to avoid foods high in cholesterol; which meant eggs, but in this case, common sense gave the wrong answer. A Harvard study conducted in 1999 discovered that people who consumed one egg a day were no more likely to have heart disease or a stroke than those who ate eggs less than once a week. A lot of people don’t know that much of the cholesterol in your blood is made by your liver, not absorbed from the food you eat. Therefore, the cholesterol in food doesn’t affect the levels in your blood very much. In fact, saturated fats (found mainly in meat and dairy products) and trans fats (from hydrogenated oils used in baked goods, stick margarine, and French fries) do increase blood cholesterol levels a lot more because they stimulate your liver to make more cholesterol. The cholesterol in food isn’t completely harmless, and eggs do have a lot of it. But they also have a great many healthful nutrients, including B vitamins, folic acid, protein, and “good” polyunsaturated fats. (Valigra, 1999)
The Term Paper on Desire Stimulate Fashion Consumption
This study provides how desire stimulates fashion consumption. The research data already show what are the reason make person buy fashion products and how the desire influences their buying behavior. In the research, I have interview person who always focus on fashion. I designed 15 interview questions by myself and went to People Square to select the suitable person to answer all the questions. ...
This evidence has proven that dietary cholesterol is less relevant to cardiovascular risk than dietary saturated fat. Research data shows that egg consumption is not associated with higher cholesterol levels. However, this decrease has been counterbalanced only by a small rise in consumption of eggs. (Chan, W., Comerford, B.P, Evans, M.A., Hoxley, M.L, Katz, D. L., Nawaz, H., & Njike, V.Y., 2005) For consumers there is now a growing appreciation and line of thinking that health originates from an overall pattern of diet rather than from just the avoidance of particular foods, shifting the attitude in recent dietary recommendations away from “avoidance” messages to ones that promote healthy eating patterns.
The most recent American Heart Association guidelines no longer include recommendations to limit egg consumption, but recommend the adoption of eating practices associated with good health, just like any other food. (“Clarification of Association’s Recommendations on Egg Consumption,” 2002) There is no reason to think that healthy eating pattern should not include eggs. Under normal conditions eating one egg per day does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease or stroke according to a study funded by the National Institute of Health (USA).
There has also been no statistical association found between eggs consumption and the incidence of cardiovascular disease conducted in another study. (Kritchevsky, 2004)
Since 1998, the share of eggs sold in retail stores has increased from 55% to 60%. That translates to over 4 billion more eggs being sold at retail each year. Of the eggs sold at retail, 89% of those sales occurred in supermarkets and supercenters. (“Egg Industry Facts,” n.d.)
The Essay on Included Breakfast Night Dinner March
March 15-Day One the group will be leaving Orlando International Airport by plane on Flight 212 leaving for Madrid, Spain. Price = $418. 00 March 18-Day four the group will be leaving Madrid by plane on flight 86 for Paris, France. Price = $288. 00 March 21- Day seven the group will be leaving Paris International by plane on flight 124 for Geneva, Switzerland. Price = $130. 00 March 24- Day ten ...
Egg consumption is also increasing; throughout the past decade egg consumption has been steadily rising and has reached its highest point in over 20 years. Better understanding of the nutritional and health aspects of eggs, combined with their versatility and low cost; have brought renewed growth to the egg category. (“Egg Industry Facts,” n.d.)
So what else can be done to turn around the egg consumption, educate, and change the minds of consumers?
Alternatives
The egg industry relies on consumers’ perception of their products. There are several marketing strategies that one could take to aim and capture niche markets that address egg consumption concerns. The following are some different ideas to target consumers and capture the positive effects of eggs.
A marketing strategy might be focusing on Saturday and Sunday family breakfasts, similar to the public service ads on television about sitting down for dinner and talking to your kids at dinner time about their school day, peer pressure etc.
Another strategy might be to combine eggs with normal kid activities like baseball, football, soccer, cheerleading etc. Relaying the message to give your kid a good solid nutritional breakfast in order to enhance their physical health before their extracurricular activities (similar to the Tony the Tiger advertisements for Frosted Flakes or the Toucan Sam ads for Froot Loops), marketing the “compete breakfast” approach.
Another angle might be to encourage the idea of using the “convenience” that eggs can offer, like eating a hardboiled egg for breakfast (rather than a pop tart) or sending your kids to school with hardboiled eggs for lunch and tying that concept in with eggs being a source of protein, nutrition, and mental development.
Another possibility might be to just use plain old facts, something like “Eggs, Get the Facts Straight” or “Don’t Be Chicken of the Egg.” This concept would communicate to consumers the importance of eating eggs. Eggs contain choline, which is an important nutrient for development of the brain and normal function of all cells, and is said to be important to eat eggs, particularly for pregnant and nursing women, to ensure healthy fetal brain development. Choline directly affects nerve signaling, cell signaling and lipid metabolism. (“Choline,” n.d.) This type of information is especially important to parents, because all parents are concerned about the development of their unborn baby or their infant child. Tying in the nutritional information about eggs containing essential minerals and vitamins (including vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, iron, calcium, phosphorus and potassium); these are needed by the body, making them a great source of protein. Eggs also contain the right quality of essential amino acid to build tissues. (“Eggs (food),” n.d.)
The Essay on School Children Problems Eat
Field Project To start off my discussion about inequality in the world I asked my sister four questions. 1) What is your American Dream? 2) Do you think there is an exit for children who live in poverty? 3) What is your idea of "mak in it"? 4) As a citizen what do you feel you can do to help? I wanted to get an idea of her overall thought before telling her the brutal truth if she doesn't already ...
Another possibility would be to communicate the idea that eggs are not just for breakfast have people eating eggs for dinner; something like “Eggs, Have Breakfast For Dinner” or “Eggs, Step Out Of The Box For Dinner.”
Another option would be is to show all the other ways that eggs can be eaten (i.e. scrambled, poached, fried, omelet, egg salad, hardboiled eggs alone and on salads) and all of the other foods that contain eggs (i.e. baked goods, meatloaf, stuffing, pasta, cake mixes) or use eggs as an ingredient.
It is not secret that eggs are very versatile. They can be used in a variety of ways and are an essential part of cooking and baking. They can bind ingredients (i.e. meatloaf, croquette).
They can also leaven baked high-rises (i.e. sponge cakes, soufflés).
Eggs also have a thickening ability (i.e. sauces, custards).
They emulsify mayonnaise, salad dressings and hollandaise sauce and are frequently used to coat or glaze breads and cookies. Eggs clarify soups and coffee. In boiled candies and frostings, eggs delay crystallization. As a finishing touch, eggs can be hard-boiled and used as a garnish. The cooking properties of eggs are so varied, in fact, that they have been called “the cement that holds the castle of cuisine together.” (“Cooking Functions,” 2005) Their versatility makes eggs an “anytime of day” food – morning, noon or night!
Another option might be to convince consumers how cheap and how available eggs are as opposed to other breakfast items.
The Essay on Consumer Psychology And Marketing Communications 2
At any given moment during the day, decisions such as which brand of merchandise to purchase, which color paint to select, or what cable service provider to go with are being made by consumers. The selection and behaviors of the consumers go beyond their personal preferences and has been studied by psychologists for over a century. Knowing what appeals to consumers and what their preferences are ...
Another concept could be purely a free and fun “Eggs, One Per Day Will Be OK” or “Eggs, It’s Easter Everyday.” This pack of eggs could include crayons and stickers for children to decorate their pack of eggs every week. The packaging could include the slogan “It’s Easter Everyday” and also a website with fun activities for kids’ as well nutritional information. This will both inform and make it fun to eat eggs, perhaps including numbered stickers for each day, or a stamps on each egg that is printed with each day of the week (i.e. Monday, Tuesday, etc) on each egg.
Another idea may be to create egg shaped shopping carts for grocery stores and/or malls. The shopping card would be white and the interior yellow (like the yolk) and there would be a basket in the back for groceries, clothing etc. and a television screen that played a cartoon that included an egg as the main character. This would be something that parents could use to put their children in while they shop.
Another strategy might be fun is to use the controversial question that has been contemplated for years, “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?” making it into a game or a contest.
Another marketing possibility could be relaying the facts on eggs vs. egg substitutes, now that we know that eggs are not as bad as thought, we can wage a war against egg substitutes, (i.e. chemically manufactured eggs vs. natural egg eggs), perhaps similar to sweet’n low vs. sugar strategy. (“Cookbook: Egg,” n.d.)
Alternative Evaluation
Focusing on Saturday and Sunday family breakfasts would most definitely be successful, but I think there should be more than just television and radio advertisements, it should be marketed on a much larger scale including billboards, poster ads, and videos for classrooms.
The strategy to market the thought of combining eggs with normal kid activities like baseball, football, soccer, cheerleading etc. to relay the “good solid nutritional breakfast” for your kids does have a potential downfall not all children play sports, therefore this approach would not benefit or reach all consumers. Plus, not all consumers have kids; sometime it is just a single person or a couple.
The idea of using the “convenience” that eggs can offer as a marketing tool does have some pros, for instance they are convenient and cheap, however, if you just throw one in your purse or your child’s lunchbox, you could potentially have a mess, making eggs not so convenient in that respect.
“Eggs, Get The Facts Straight” or “Don’t Be A Chicken Of The Egg.” This concept would communicate to consumers the importance of eating eggs. This approach does have many benefits because you are educating your audience with the “hard facts,” however, not all consumers want to read about just facts, that is not fun to all consumers, some would feel that it was boring and chose to not even read it merely because of disinterest. This would not be a good source to market to children either, because most would have a hard time reading or understanding all the facts and statistics.
“Eggs, Have Breakfast For Dinner” or “Eggs, Step Out Of The Box For Dinner” marketing concept is “stepping out of the box,” which is exciting for some, not all people are comfortable with change. Although it is a catchy phrase, not all consumers want to eat breakfast for breakfast and then eat breakfast again for dinner, and some may not want to feed their kids breakfast for dinner. There is still the inconvenience of cooking eggs for dinner, some consumers are just as busy in the evenings as they are in the mornings.
The concept of marketing eggs by showing all the other ways that eggs can be eaten and all of the other foods that contain or use eggs as an ingredient both could have a positive and negative effect. The benefit to this concept is that it could relay information on ways to make eggs that people never thought of or even knew existed. The downfall is that not everyone likes eggs and not everyone has the time or can afford to buy the different items to put together these types of meals, find the recipes and execute.
Convincing consumers how cheap and how available eggs are as opposed to other breakfast items may work, but it may not be enough to make a significant change. Indeed, eggs are a convenient, affordable and nutritious food, but just marketing that alone wouldn’t be enough to increase egg consumption.
“Eggs, One Per Day Will Be OK” or “Eggs, It’s Easter Everyday” marketing concept is fun and free and could encourage a wide range of consumers to eat eggs. I see this as being a successful marketing strategy because it could target singles, couples, and families.
An egg shaped shopping cart for grocery stores and/or malls. This would be something fun for kids to ride in and also educate them with a cartoon all the while keeping them occupied. One downfall to this is that it would be very expensive and make grocery carts like this for so many grocery stores across the US. Another problem would be that not all consumers would use them because this would be targeted to parents only, and not all adults have children, and that is who would utilize this item.
“Which came first, the chicken or the egg?” This concept would be most fun for adults but not sure how much publicity it could create to make a significant change in egg consumption.
Another possibility could be relaying the facts on natural eggs vs. egg substitutes, since we now know that eggs are not as bad as once thought, it may be possible to wage a war against egg substitutes (i.e. chemically manufactured eggs vs. natural egg); perhaps similar to sweet’n low vs. sugar strategy. The benefit to this option could be very controversial because some people can’t eat eggs because they are allergic to them or chose to not eat them because of ethical reasons about egg production, so “bashing” egg substitutes may not be the answer.
Choice and Implementation Plan
Over half of all egg sales are made to families with children, making families with children account for the majority of egg consumption. These households also represent the biggest spending and most loyal shopper segments for most retailers. Heavy egg purchases (3+ dozen per month) account for 46% of total egg volume. (“Today’s Egg Consumer,” n.d.) “Eggs, One Per Day Will Be OK” targeting to singles, couples, and parents, and “Eggs, It’s Easter Everyday” to target children, these strategies would clearly be the most successful.
This strategy would include crayons and stickers for children to decorate their pack of eggs with every week, maybe having the eggs stamped with each day of the week (i.e. Monday, Tuesday, etc.) so children can keep track and ensure that they eat their one egg a day. The packaging could include the slogan “It’s Easter Everyday” and also a website with fun activities for children as well nutritional information; perhaps a chicken dressed up as an Easter bunny as the main character of this campaign with a funny, yet educational, cartoon. On the website there would be games, puzzles, facts, and a chicken game. This will both inform and make it fun to eat eggs.
Packaging Options
There could be a few different packaging options:
1.a pack of 7 white eggs, perhaps an oval shaped egg pack (symbolizing an egg) where it states 7 eggs for the price of 6;
2.a pack of 14 white eggs, enough to last two weeks;
3.both of these packaging concepts with white eggs already hard boiled;
4.both packaging concepts with already dyed eggs, as if it were Easter, in a variety of colors, one pack pastel, and another pack bright colors.
5.Another way to package would be two promote a healthy snack by including two or three hardboiled eggs in a pack, making it convenient to take to work or for kids to take to school; maybe with the “Food for Snack,” slogan (instead of “food for thought”), giving consumers the option to eat between meals with this snackable pack. A small pack would be more economical and convenient.
All packaging materials would be clear, recycled plastic, making it environmentally friendly and durable (as to not smash the eggs).
Clear egg packaging also allows consumers see what they buy, without opening the pack; any broken eggs are detected right away.
Egg Promotion
Egg promotions truly build new business and since customers really feel they are getting a deal when the price suggests something is being given to them for “free,” they will more than likely buy more eggs. This simple fact has been demonstrated in every promotion study by the American Egg Board. (“Effective Egg Promotions,” n.d.)
Customers shop at stores that promote eggs, and if consumers buy more eggs on sale, they will use more eggs, resulting in egg sales. The more eggs promotions simply leads to more sales; increasing cash flow. According to the American Egg Board, 80% of all buying decisions are made at the point of sale, therefore, at holiday’s the marketing strategy should be switched up to tailor the attractiveness and make eggs more eye catching. (“Effective Egg Promotion,” n.d.) All promotions for holidays would include a cute yellow fuzzy chicken dressed up as: Santa Clause for the Christmas holiday; cupid at Valentine’s Day; a leprechaun for St. Patrick’s Day; the Easter bunny at Easter; Uncle Sam for the 4th of July; a ghost or pirate at Halloween; and a pilgrim outfit for Thanksgiving.
Planning Calendar
JANFEBMARAPR.MAYJUN
EventNew YearValentine’s DaySt. Patrick’s DayEaster/PassoverMother’s DayFather’s Day
ThemesHealth & Fitness AdsCupid AdsLeprechaun AdsEaster AdsEaster Ads
Item IdeasEggs as part of a weight loss programHeart Shaped Pkgs.Green EggsEgg DecoratingNat’l Egg MonthDeviled eggs and salads for picnics & summer parties
JULAUGSEPTOCTNOVDEC
Event4th of JulyBack to SchoolHalloweenThanksgivingChristmas
Hanukkah
ThemesBack-to-School: Breakfast is important!Egg DecoratingBakingBaking
Item IdeasSnackable PacksSnackable PacksSnackable PacksOrange/Black EggsBrown/Yellow EggsRed/Green Eggs
Based on the American Egg Board’s industry facts, egg costs typically follow a predictable seasonal pattern with higher costs November through Easter, and lower costs during late spring and summer months. (“Egg Industry Facts,” n.d.)
CostSale PriceStart Promotion
DateEnd Promotion
Date
Advertising
New Year$1100n/a12/25/071/31/08
Valentine’s Day$500n/a02/01/0802/28/08
St. Patrick’s Day$400n/a03/01/0803/31/08
Easter$2200n/a04/01/0804/30/08
4th of July$1100n/a05/01/0807/31/08
Back to School$1000n/a08/01/0809/14/08
Halloween$950n/a09/15/0710/31/07
Thanksgiving$900n/a11/01/0711/23/07
Christmas/Hanukkah$1150n/a11/24/0712/24/07
Production*
New Year Egg$1.01$1.2011/01/0711/23/07
Valentine’s Day Egg$1.20$1.3512/25/071/31/08
St. Patrick’s Day Egg$1.60$1.9902/01/0802/28/08
Easter Egg$0.82$1.1903/01/0803/31/08
4th of July Egg-Uncle Sam Egg$0.96$1.1904/01/0804/30/08
Back to School Egg$1.01$1.0905/01/0807/31/08
Halloween Egg$1.04$1.2908/01/0809/14/08
Thanksgiving$1.25$1.3909/15/0710/31/07
Christmas/Hanukkah$1.30$1.3511/01/0711/23/07
*price includes accessories
Sales promotion, sales pricing, cost, and production will be monitored and checked every two weeks to ensure success. Marketing efforts with marketing and ad agencies will be monitored for efficiency and effectiveness every two weeks as well. A Quality System will be set in place to monitor quality and specification of each promotion and carry out all intended applications. This process will continue until there is a significant decline (below the normal for seasonal times) in sales or in the event that cost significantly increases.
If this marketing strategy turns out to be unsuccessful upon monitoring, the board of directors will weigh out options to run another marketing strategy as a backup plan, if need be.
References
Applegate, E. (2000) Introduction: nutritional and functional roles of eggs in the diet. [Electronic Version]. Journal of American College of Nutrition, 19, 495S-498S. Retrieved October 9, 2007, from http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/19/suppl_5/495S?ijkey=3dee4cc2000bca98d5548312276cf0eb1b0c3b4c&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Best, R.J., Hawkins, D.I. & Mothersbaugh, D.L. (2007).
Consumer behavior: building marketing strategy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Mason, OH: Thomson Southwestern
Chan, W., Comerford, B.P, Evans, M.A., Hoxley, M.L, Katz, D. L., Nawaz, H., & Njike, V.Y. (2005, March 10).
Egg Consumption and Endothelial Function: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. The National Library of Medicine Website. Retrieved on October 10, 2007, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15721501&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum
Clarification of Association’s recommendations on egg consumption. (2002, March 22).
American Egg Association Website. Retrieved October 9, 2007, from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3001455
Cookbook: Egg. (n.d.) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 7, 2007, from
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Egg#Egg_products
Cooking functions. (2005) Georgia Egg Commission Website. Retrieved October 14, 2007, from http://www.georgiaeggs.org/pages/cookingfunctions.html
Effective egg promotions. (n.d.) American Egg Association Website. Retrieved October 8, 2007, from http://www.aeb.org/Retailers/promotions.html
Egg (food).
(n.d.).
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29
Egg industry facts. (n.d.).
American Egg Association Website. Retrieved October 8, 2007, from http://www.aeb.org/Retailers/industry.html
Kritchevsky, S. B. (2004).
A review of scientific research and recommendations regarding eggs. [Electronic Version]. Journal of American College of Nutrition, 23, 596S-600S. Retrieved on October 9, 2007 from http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/suppl_6/596S
Today’s egg consumer. (n.d.) American Egg Association Website. Retrieved October 8, 2007, from http://www.aeb.org/Retailers/consumer.html
Valigra, L. (1999, May).
Having an egg a day is ok. Environmental Nutrition Newsletter. Retrieved October 11, 200, from http://www.environmentalnutrition.com/pub/22_5/researchnews/)
