1. Nuc stand for nucleus. The nucleus controls and helps regulate most of the actions that take place within the cell. Flag stands for the flagella. The flagella extend from the plasma membrane and help the cell move through liquid. ER stand for the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two different types of endoplasmic reticulum in each cell; the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. They both have separate functions; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum processes lipids, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and modifies proteins. Mito stands for the mitochondrion. The mitochondrion provides needed energy for the cell. Chlora stands for the chloroplast. The chloroplast absorbs energy from the sunlight to create energy and food for the cell. Golgi represents the Golgi apparatus which is also known as the dictyosome. The Golgi apparatus engages in further protein processing within the cell. Ves represents the vesicle, which transports proteins from other organelles to their intended destination. Lys is short for lysosome. The lysosomes control the cell death, digest, and recycle material found within the cell.
2. The autogenetic hypothesis states that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryote cells. It explains that all of the organelles in a eukaryotic cell broke off from the prokaryote cell and soon created a eukaryote cell in which each organelle had its own function within the new cell. 3. Some of the evidence that helps prove the autogenetic hypothesis to be true is the fact that both eukaryote and prokaryote cells contain ribosomes, DNA, RNA, and both contain a bilayer cell membrane. 4. The endosymbiosis hypothesis explains how chloroplasts and mitochondria originated and became a part of the eukaryotic cell. Two prokaryote independent cells existed, one was a host cell whereas the other was an independent chloroplast or mitochondria. The host cell engulfed the chloroplast and mitochondria which then created a double membrane within that cell. 5. Evidence of chloroplast and mitochondria having their own DNA supported the endosymbiosis hypothesis. Another form of evidence is that both the mitochondria and chloroplasts contain double phospholipid bilayers. Also, mitochondria share similar characteristics with aerobic bacteria just how chloroplasts are similar to photosynthetic bacteria.
The Term Paper on Structure And Function Of Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
Nearly all animal cells have a nucleus, with the only exception being the red blood cell. The nucleus has two major functions, which are housing the DNA and controlling the cell’s activities. In the centre of the nucleus is the nucleolus. This doesn’t have a membrane, but holds itself together. In the nucleolus, ribosomes are created through the mixture of RNA and proteins. These proteins are ...
