C. It is considered as the oldest known work of art in the Philippines. It was discovered accidentally by the late renowned national artist, Carlos “Botong” Francisco in 1965, a noted muralist and artist from the town of Angono, while he was on a field trip with a group of boy scouts. Originally, there are 127 drawings in the form of human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall distributed on a horizontal plane on the rock walls dated in 3000 B. C. These inscriptions clearly show stylized human figures, frog and lizards along with other designs.
In 1985, these Petroglyphs have been included in the World Inventory of Rock Art under the auspices of UNESCO, ICOM, ICOMOS and ICCROM listed under the Standard Rock Art Site RECORD FILES (RAS) together with other world famous prehistoric rock art. In 1996, the World Monuments Watch, a non-profit organization based in New York whose concerns are the preservation of world cultural heritage, listed Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs as one of the “100 Most Endangered Sites and Monuments”.
To save the rock engravings from further deterioration and decay, American Express International through the World Monuments Fund, extend financial assistance for its preservation. The first step undertaken was to establish the over-all conservation management plan of the site through the assistance of foreign consultant, Dr. Nicholas Stanley-Price. The preservation and development of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is a collective effort of the National Museum of the Philippines, the Department of Tourism and World Monuments Fund. Nation is kept unified by a deep sense of pride in its own identity, cultural heritage and nature patrimony.
The Essay on Nudity In The World Of Art
Ever since artists began creating art, they have incorporated sexual themes into their work. Ancient civilizations were replete with sexual or erotic imagery and their relationship to sex and the human body is clear. It could be said that the beginning of all art is the human figure. As children we draw it in stick form. Early Greeks and Romans established the classical standards for sculpting the ...
Conservation and Preservation of Cultural and Historical sites is very important to become an informative, exciting and an enjoyable place to visit – a place that inspires people, both domestic and foreign people to learn from the traditions so as to help shape a better future. This study focuses on how the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs in Angono-Binangonan, Rizal is being conserved through the years. The researchers find it interesting to know how it is being conserve which shows the history beyond the human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall for the benefit of future generations.
The structure of it was also unique. The manmade tunnel on the entrance of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs also caught the attention of the researchers because at first the researchers recognized it as a cave. Inside the tunnel you can feel the freshness of air. It was scary at the first moment you enter because it was really dark. Statement of the Problem This study aims to identify and analyze what really are the problems it may undertake. Specifically, the study aims to know how National Museum conserves Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. The researchers seek to find answers to the following questions: 1.
What is the current status of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs? 2. What are the changes that happened caused by: 3. 1 Human Intervention 3. 2 Natural Phenomena 3. How does the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is being conserve in terms of: 4. 3 Preservation 4. 4 Reconstruction 4. 5 Restoration Significance of the Study The researchers are hopeful that this study could help and it is undertaken not only for the researcher but also for the following: This study benefit the Future Researchers as they may use this study as a useful tool or reference for people who wish to continue this study.
Researchers will gain insight into the problem or issues found in this study, which they find critical or controversial. Moreover, certain aspects and phenomena that have been included in this study can be instrumental for other related research. This study benefits the Students for them to grow as a responsible individual particularly to the preservation and conservation of cultural landmark. It also help them to be updated, be open-minded and be aware of what and how they could contribute for the advancement of the tourism industry. This study is significant for the students since it could be a reference for the students’ studies.
The Research paper on Patient Case Study
Patient case study. Part I: I would like to start by saying that AIDS is a short form for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is a disease that damages the body's immune system (the system that helps fight off illnesses). When a person's immune system is damaged, he or she is more likely to become sick from illnesses that might not hurt a person who has a healthy immune system. The person's ...
This study benefit the Local DOT of Angono because could help them to realize how the preservation of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs as a tourist destination is really important since Angono is a place wherein there is a potential to become a tourist attraction spot. It will also serve as guidelines on how to preserved cultural sites like this. This study benefits the Local Community because it will increase their awareness on the importance of archeological sites and to know their responsibility and involvement. This will served as guidelines on how the local community will be part of conserving Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs.
This study benefit The National Museum of the Philippines because it could help them analyzed the kind of preservation and conservation they do for Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. This also helps the National Museum to continue commit themselves in preserving Cultural landmark. Scope and Limitation This study only covered the conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. It focused on the guidelines on how National Museum of the Philippines maintained the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs since it was hundred years ago of existence.
The respondents of this study are employees of National Museum of the Philippines and the OIC of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. Definition of Terms To provide a clear view and understanding, the researcher operationally defined the following words that were used in the discussion of the study. Archeological Site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.
Art Tourism is a term that is used when people travel in order to visit, explore and engage in activities related to art. It includes traveling to art festivals, concerts, wine and cuisine events, to explore famous museums, etc. Compatible use means a use which involves no change to the culturally significant fabric, changes which are substantially reversible, or changes which require a minimal impact. Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance.
The Essay on Infants Attachment Infant Study Site
Infant Attachment There has been many studies today on the attachment that an infant has with its parents' and surrounding objects. Once an infant has become familiar with any given object or any human, they tend to keep close in range. When that object or human is taken away from the infant they may begin to feel uncomfortable and it may throw the child off causing it to become confused and ...
It includes maintenance and may according to circumstance include preservation, restoration, reconstruction and adaptation and will be commonly a combination of more than one of these. Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present or future generations. Deterioration a symptom of reduced quality or strength; process of changing to an inferior state Fabric means all the physical material of the place. Human Intervention means to interfere, usually through force or threat of force done by humans.
Maintenance means the continuous protective care of the fabric, contents and setting of a place, and is to be distinguished from repair. Repair involves restoration or reconstruction and it should be treated accordingly. Museum is a building or venue housing items of historical, scientific and /or local importance. National Museum of the Philippines is the official repository established in 1901 as a natural history and ethnography museum of the Philippines. Natural Phenomena all phenomena that are not artificial causes by nature. Petroglyphs was derived from a French word petroglyphe – Greek “petra/petro” (rock) and “glyphe” (a carving).
Preservation means maintaining all the physical material of a place in its existing state and hindering deterioration. Preservation is the chance of surviving relics from the past. Reconstruction means returning a place as nearly as possible to a known earlier state and is distinguished by the introduction of materials (new or old) into the fabric. Restoration means returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material. Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.
The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people “traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes”. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE Review of Related Literature and Study Importance of Conservation According to a newsletter from the shelves of IGNCA Library, conservation is a field of both science and art. It is gaining increasing importance world over as there is greater awareness and a sense of urgency about the need to conserve and preserve cultural heritages.
The Homework on Precycling The Essence Of Conservation
Precycling: The Essence of Conservation As we shift into a new millennium, our society must face the pressing environmental issues that we have ignored for so long. The earth's resources have dwindled tremendously and unnecessarily in recent years. People need to start saving our precious resources through precycling. Precycling, a fancy word for waste reduction, is any activity that prevents or ...
Heritage and conservation have become important themes in current discussions on place, cultural identity, and the preservation of the past. Archaeological sites have long been a part of heritage and its display, certainly before the use of the term “heritage” and the formal study of tourism. However, current concerns with their escalating destruction can be attributed to the perception among the public and professionals alike that archaeological sites, like the natural environment, represent finite nonrenewable resources deteriorating at an increasing rate.
This deterioration is because of a wide array of causes, ranging from neglect and poor management to increased visitation and vandalism, from inappropriate past treatments to deferred maintenance. No doubt the recent pressures of economic benefits from tourist activities in conjunction with increasing communication and mobility have caused accelerated damage to many sites unprepared for development and visitation. The primary objective of conservation is to protect cultural heritage from loss and damage. Conservators accomplish this through both preventive and remedial types of intervention.
In so doing, conservation embraces the technical means by which heritage may be studied, displayed, and made accessible to the public. In this way, the conservation of archaeological sites is like other heritage conservation. Implicit in conservation’s objectives is the basic requirement to remove or mitigate the causes of deterioration. Among the repertoire of conservation techniques applied to archaeological sites are structural stabilization, reconstruction, reburial, protective shelters, and a myriad of fabric-based conservation methods. Each solution affects the way archaeological information is preserved.
In this last respect, conservation itself can become a way of reifying cultural identities and historical narratives over time through interpretation Maintenance is key to the longevity of any structure, be it in an archaeological setting or a building still in use. (Matero, 2011) Preservation as a Process of Conservation Preservation is the act or process of conserving. Preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect. The protection, preservation, management, or restoration of wildlife and of natural resources such as forests, soil, and water.
The Essay on Conservation And Preservation
Conservation and Preservation Bridger Teton National Forest is rightfully considered by many people as national treasure, which needs to be protected. However, we need to understand the difference between national parks and national forests. The creation of national parks is meant to preserve the unique environmental balance in uninhibited areas that contain rare flora and fauna. This is why; ...
The maintenance of a physical quantity, such as energy or mass, during a physical or chemical change. Conservation is the act or an instance of conserving or keeping from change, loss, injury, etc. , protection, preservation, and careful management of natural resources and of the environment. Burke (1976) said that preservation approaches focused upon buildings as monuments, selected according to sets of supposedly objective and obvious intrinsic criteria, such as age or beauty, preserved by legally protective designations, imposed by ‘experts’ in public taste who defined their role as being guardians of public cultural assets.
The shift to conservation in the course of the 1960s widened the object of attention to ensembles and areas and thereby inevitably involved the modern functioning of such districts. The well-known definition of conservation, as “preserving purposefully”. Idea behind Conservation and Preservation Humans are working hard to reduce threats and to protect biodiversity. Two important concepts are conservation and preservation. The idea behind conservation is responsible use of natural resources so that humans don’t “run out” of resources like water that we might need in the future.
Have you heard of programs where kids plant native trees? How about captive-breeding programs – where zoos try to raise animals that are threatened in the wild? All of these are great examples of conservation! Conservation can begin with plants, animals, or water quality. Preservation is another idea. It is kind of like conservation – but not exactly. The idea behind preservation is to protect nature or wilderness areas by limiting human use and development. Both conservation and preservation can play important roles in protecting biodiversity.
Often, experts need to find strategies using lots of techniques that not only preserve biodiversity but also balance the needs of people who live nearby and may depend on those natural resources too. Many of our cities, towns and villages contain areas of architectural or historic interest which have a particular character considered worthy of conservation. The Department has designated a number of these areas as conservation areas. Great importance is attached to the preservation of the existing character and appearance of such areas allied to the promotion of their economic well-being. ICOMOS, 2003) Responsibility to Safeguard Historic Monuments Imbued with a message from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people remain to the present day as living witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity.
The Term Paper on Exsitu And Insitu Conservation Of Medicinal Plants
India ranks sixth under world’s twelve mega bio-diversity zones. Out of these, two ofthem exist in our country. India possesses tremendous ecological bio-diversity. Itcontains 5 % of the world’s bio-diversity on 2 % of the earth’s surface. Thebiodiversity in our country is unique in nature and its in-situ and ex-situ conservationis very well needed. In recent years, the global ...
It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an international basis, with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions. (Venice Charter, 1964) The richness of wall paintings is founded on the variety of cultural expressions, aesthetic achievements, and the diversity of materials and techniques used from ancient until present times.
Architectural surfaces and their finishing layers, with their historical, aesthetic and technical values have to be considered as equally important components of historic monuments. Many of the problems affecting wall paintings are linked to the poor condition of the building or structure, its improper use, lack of maintenance, frequent repairs and alterations. Also frequent restorations, unnecessary uncovering, and use of inappropriate methods and materials can result in irreparable damage. It is for this reason that an appropriate document covering the principles of proper conservation-restoration of wall paintings is necessary. ICOMOS, 2003) Conservation requires a Multi-disciplinary Approach Conservation, reinforcement and restoration of architectural heritage require a multi-disciplinary approach. Value and authenticity of architectural heritage cannot be based on fixed criteria because the respect due to all cultures also requires that its physical heritage be considered within the cultural context to which it belongs. The value of architectural heritage is not only in its appearance, but also in the integrity of all its components as a unique product of the specific building technology of its time.
In particular the removal of the inner structures maintaining only the facades does not fit the conservation criteria. When any change of use or function is proposed, all the conservation requirements and safety conditions have to be carefully taken into account. Restoration of the structure in Architecture Heritage is not an end in itself but a means to an end, which is the building as a whole. The peculiarity of heritage structures, with their complex history, requires the organization of studies and proposals in precise steps that are similar to those used in medicine. (ICOMOS, 2003) While Cultural Tourism is important for conservation, it increasingly threatens the very culture that the tourist comes to experience. ” (Byrden 1995).
But historic preservation, or recreation, as the case may be, is not only about preserving what may be difficult places or periods. It is about creating the past, creating culture by selection. Culture, as we have seen, is constantly changing, and any attempts to preserve culture end up creating it. Conforti sums this up well, writing that “Every instance of preservation, restoration, or reconstruction inherently contains the prospect of proprietary modification.
That is, whoever gets the opportunity to preserve, restore, or reconstruct something that presumably reflects historical development or a historical accomplishment, in the absence of any competing record or depiction, determines, defines, and controls the information on which that history, or at least its image, is thereafter going to be based” Implementing a Conservation and Site Management Plan “Nobody should be allowed to walk on 1,000-year-old stones,” says Jeff Morgan, who is executive director of the California-based Global Heritage Fund (GHF).
GHF is currently leading efforts to conserve a sister site, Banteay Chhmar. It is a smaller site, but its beauty and historical significance is every bit as comparable. GHF is implementing a conservation and site management plan there that is designed to ensure that Banteay Chhmar will be there for generations far into the future. Instead of walking directly upon the ruins, visitors will be able to view the ruins from suspended cable platforms, and carefully developed interventional strategies will be executed to protect and preserve the structures, towers and bas reliefs that are most at risk. McLerran, 2011) Article 50 (5) of the Planning (NI) Order 1991 requires that “where any area is for the time being designated as a conservation area special attention shall be paid to the desirability of preserving or enhancing its character or appearance. ” This will be the prime consideration for the Department in the exercise of its planning functions within conservation areas.
There will be a presumption against the grant of planning permission or conservation area consent where development proposals would conflict with this requirement, although in exceptional cases this presumption may be overridden in favor of development which is desirable on the ground of some other public interest. The desirability of preserving or enhancing a conservation area is also considered to be a material consideration in assessing proposals for development beyond its boundaries which would however affect its setting, or views into or out of the area.
Best-preserved Example “Vigan” a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Strategically located at the north of the Abra River North of Luzon, Vigan is one of the five UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Philippines. Through the efforts of the local government and several NGOs, notably the function Espanol, the town was declared a world heritage site three years ago in December 2, 1999… Established in 1572 by the Spanish Conquistador Juan de Salcedo, Vigan was the center of the political, religious, commercial, social and cultural activities in Northern Luzon for more than three centuries.
It is the best-preserved example of a planned Spanish colonial town in Asia. Its uniqueness lies in its historic townscape, which is an architectural blend of Asian, European and Latin American influences. Vigan is the only surviving colonial town in the country with more than 180 ancestral homes and historical landmarks tightly strung along the narrow streets of the old Mestizo District, Which was also known as the Chinese Quarters in the Olden days. “The legal framework for planning in the Philippines” the NCCA, the public information office, and the Supreme Court of the Philippines in Laws and Jurisprudence on Build Heritage. 001, presents an assembly of the Philippines in Laws that govern and regulate all modes of heritage conservation practices in the Philippines. They provide an overview of the legal aspects of preserving the country’s tangible cultural legacies and present some case studies of lawsuits that exemplify the strength of the law and its power in mitigating adverse practices on heritage conservation. At the same time, the document also states that there is no specific law that prescribes the regulation and the implementation of build heritage conservation in the Philippines.
Ozawa, 2001) According to an article in Malaya Newspaper entitled “Angara to ask Spanish aid to preserve cultural treasure” (2010) stated that Angara ask Spanish aid to preserve cultural treasure. Angara says he plans to draw the attention of the Casa Asia members towards one of his main advocacies – ongoing preservation and rehabilitation of the Phil. Historical sites. “We must learn from the Spanish, millions of people visit their country because of their well-preserved historical places. The Philippine, meanwhile, is an mmensely beautiful country with great potentials for tourism. We want to take this tourism know-how which Spain has put to use effectively. ” Angara said. Cultural significance of the Petroglyphs justifies its preservation According to the study of Engr. Orlando V. Abinion (1999), the cultural significance of the Petroglyphs justifies its preservation. In general, this site have values that can be classified into categories, Historic value, its immense historic value is probably being the oldest rock art in the Philippines.
Though the exact age is unknown, their association with occupational debris excavated at the site suggests a date “prior to the introduction of metals into the country” that is the Neolithic Age. The Angono Petroglyphs are also important because of the relatively few rock art sites recorded in the Philippines; scientific value, the site tends to have scientific value not only because of the past researches but also for its potential for future research. Its interest is partly archeological/historical and partly ecological.
Scientific and Symbolic Value, the social and symbolic value of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is very high at various levels. It is recognized at international level (WMW nomination), at national level (its status as a National Cultural Treasure).
These social and symbolic values provide a source of pride not only from the people of Binangonan and Angono, but also from the whole citizenry. Angono Petroglyphs must also be preserved, not only for Filipino, but for the whole world as well. Recently, the initial phase of the Petroglyphs’ restoration program was angulated.
Aside from a small museum, a massive boned viewing deck was so installed fronting the elevated rock shelter where the etching are, and a new access road was build around the ridge for the benefit of the visitors who come in bigger vehicles. “It is a major accomplishment in itself and the only one of its kind known to exist in Southeast Asia,” declares Fr. Gabriel S. Casal, Director of the National Museum during its launched June 27. “It is a national museum of the country that must be preserved for every Filipino to see and admire. (Philippine Panorama – “The Angono Petroglyphs Art exhibit t circa 1000 B. C” by Randy V. Urlanda, 26 June 1998) The Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is significant to the Filipino race because it has proven that thousands of years before Christ, part of our archipelago was already inhabited by people who had a taste for the arts. It also attested that many years before the “discovery” of the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, the Filipinos were already civilized groups with remarkable artistic skills. (Leyco, 1998)
Urgent concerns involving the conservation of the Petroglyphs The rock arts is undoubtedly of great cultural and historical importance so in 1973, it was cast into the limelight and declared a national treasure. However, there are more urgent concerns involving the preservation of the Petroglyphs that need to be tackled. After all the experts say, since there is no argument over the rock art’s geographical location, protection of this precious cultural legacy should be prioritized and acknowledge as a shared effort between Binangonan and Angono and the rest of the Filipino people.
Much of the area around the site has drastically changed through the years and in many ways has had negative effects on the Petroglyphs. The forests surrounding the site were cleared in the 80’s thus exposing the rock shelter to the natural elements which in turn has led to some degradation. That the rock has survived the onslaught of time still puzzles some of the experts but rainwater, intense sunlight and wind have led to erosion and crumbling of certain parts of the Petroglyphs. Roads built nearby have made their own indelible graffiti on the wall or have altered some of the original etchings. Diez, 1998) According to a newspaper article entitled “Petroglyphs in Angono, a ruined cultural legacy” by Nazarene A. Leyco (1998) stated that many parts of the carvings were vandalized while the others were in various stages of deterioration due to natural and man-made causes. Lack of concern on cultural treasures and the ignorance of the people who vandalized the Petroglyphs indicate that there is an urgent need to intensively educate the people on appreciation of invaluable treasures. Can the Angono Petroglyphs stand the test of time?
Only if the government and the people particularly the people of Angono and Binangonan, will immediately join hands and constantly work together to protect and preserve these ancient work of art. In accordance with the article by Cathy Canares (1998), President Estrada ordered an investigation on the possible damage that quarrying operation in the hills of Angono, Rizal, might inflict on the Petroglyphs or engraving considered as prehistoric rock art that were discovered in that area. Reports said blasting activities being done by Concrete Aggregates Inc. which has been quarrying in the area since the 1970’s are now jeopardizing the Petroglyphs. National Museum Conservation curator Orlando Abinion warned that the vibration from the blasting operations, only a hill away, could damage the rock shelter even if it is several kilometers from the art site. Abinion explained that the Petroglyphs and the quarrying operation are done in the same mountain range, which means that once the fault line moves because of the blast, it is very possible that the ancient art work will be damaged in the process.
The conservation strategy was aimed in the preservation of the Petroglyphs and their immediate environment. Studies have been conducted to establish the major threats favoring the deterioration of the rock art. Pressures exerted on this archeological site are human vandalism and environmental interventions namely such as: quarrying, forestry and vegetation, water erosion and urbanism. Forestry and vegetation, there was an evidence of human occupation and activity at the Petroglyphs site before and after its discovery.
Wild grasses and bamboo climbers of the genus Schizostachyum, trees belonging to genera canthium, flacourtia, syzygium are predominant in the area. The dense foliage of tall trees, the root growth extending up to the rock engravings, grasses and mosses on the surface of the rock holding water have securely deteriorated the stone walls. An intervention program involved the clearing of tall trees, planting of low shrubs and wild flowers. Grasses and mosses were removed mechanically and regular uprooting of these vegetations on the stone walls were conducted.
Quarrying; quarry for limestone in nearby village of approximately one (1) kilometer distance was in operation since 1960. The vibration caused during the blasting has detrimental effect on the hanging walls of the rock shelter. The National Museum and the government officials of Angono worked together for the stoppage of operation and cancellation of mining permit. There were negotiations with the operator of the mining firm and the intervention of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, measures were adopted to minimize the vibration effect.
The quarry operator reduced the blasting and agreed not to use dynamite but chemical explosives. After there compliance, the Department of Mines and Geosciences conducted seismographic recording at the rock shelter and the measurement was negligible. The Department of Mines declared the area safe and stable. Water Erosion; During heavy rain, water from higher altitude settled water caused dampness and thereby at the base of the stone walls up to the cave flooring. The accumulated water caused dampness and thereby accelerating the degradation of the stone walls due to capillary action.
Likewise the cave flooring which is made up of volcanic ash weathered rapidly in wet condition. To prevent such phenomena a drainage system was installed fronting the rock shelter as a catch basin for water downpour from all directions. The edge of the cave flooring were rip-rapped and another rip-rapping at the lower elevation which is approximately 8 meters from the main drainage. Urbanism, The Angono Petroglyphs is situated within a “World class” Golf Course and a residential housing subdivision.
The continuous earthmoving for road construction and land partitioning for residential land had severe impact on the preservation of the Petroglyphs of such lead to serious damage which lead to eventual loss of the cultural environmental of the site. Vandalism, The serious problems at the site are animal and human vandalism. Graffiti – markings and stone halls transformed into bird’s nests are predominant at the Petroglyphs. Visitors used to engrave their names and initiate some of the original carvings on the stone walls. Others utilized the rock shelter as a camping ground particularly students during school holidays. Abinion, 1999) Theoretical Framework According to the theory of Salvador Munoz-Vinas (2005), the theory deals with the definition of conservation by means of a brief historical look at the conservation of cultural assets. It teases out the difference between preservation and restoration. With restoring, it makes it possible to bring back a subject to its original form and state. While preservation is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance.
With both restoration and preservation, a good conservation could be done. Severe damage caused by catastrophes, restoration and vandalism are some problems occurring on conservation objects. The restoration adds to the value of the object. Shifting in the conservation viewpoint from objects to subjects is the way Vinas is recommending. Conservation starts to be understood in a permanent relationship between objects and subjects, whether affected or involved. Nevertheless, the theory is not a radical relativism, but rather about observing the importance of inter-subjectivity in the conservation process.
Objects change into being capable of being objects of interest to conservation due to their relevance to a considerable number of people within a community and among communities. Their importance arises from the meanings attributed to the objects by the subjects and not from something inherent to the asset or material. “The best possible conservation operation is the one that provides the most satisfaction to the most people. ”. “The ultimate goal of conservation as a whole is not to conserve the paper, but to retain or improve the meaning it has for people. Theoretical studies on conserving cultural assets to which a given community attaches value date back to more than two centuries ago. The contemporary theory of conservation is not intended to make a new theory but to reveal and explain some difference in the current theoretical framework from his thoughts. He just makes the concept of conservation to move from modern into post-modernity that move the focus of study from the object to the subject. The means of conserving a subject just depends on its properties and what importance that is implies to the most of people.
Conserving a subject doesn’t mean that you want to conserve it literally, but it was conserving and improving the meaning it has within it for most of people. Salvador Munoz-Vinas advocate us to reflect on the specificities of restoring heritage assets, and constructs an understanding of this universe according to other areas of knowledge, such as philosophy, anthropology, sociology and history. Nature Intervention ————————————————- V A N D A L I S M Human Interventions National Museum ANGONO-BINANGONAN PETROGLYPHS Research Paradigm Figure 2. 1
The Conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs was the main objective of the study. Their importance increases considerably in historical areas, where the richness of cultural heritage has the ability to motivate the preservation and conservation of the Petroglyphs. The figure below emphasizes the sustainable development of museum based on its potential as cultural tourism site. First, the Human figure represents the National Museum that handles the conservation of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs, they has the authority to implement different procedures regarding the conservation of the archeological site.
The frog and lizard represents the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs itself, it is the center or the focus of conservation process done by the management. Then, the rock shelter represents the environment wherein the said archeological site was located. Images from the two arrows represent the factors that have big effect on the changes that may happen to Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs caused by nature and human intervention. These symbolize by both arrows that trying to penetrate the Petroglyphs as seen to Figure 2. 1.
Although, it is always possible to happen, it can still be avoided through proper conservation approach and management. Natural Phenomena and Human Intervention should be anticipated as early as possible before it can interfere and to avoid sudden changes. With the help of the people represent the National Museum, the researchers will get all the information needed in the study, particularly, on the conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. The National Museum Archeological employees and the OIC will provide all the possible data that can help the researchers to gather answers to the study.
The researchers will also go to the location to further investigate the archeological site, with their own observation on the archeological sites; the researchers can personally see the place of the study. They will easily clarify the things that will be needed in the study. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter will discuss the data gathering procedures that were necessary for this study. It will also presents the general idea of the method use by the researchers to accomplish this research study, how the participants will be selected and what instrument will be used to gather data. Research Design
The researchers used qualitative research as the method that sought to answer questions and collective evidence. According to Polit and Beck (2008), qualitative research is the investigation of phenomena usually in an in-depth and holistic fashion, through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design. To be specific the researchers used evaluation study to find out whether or not a given program is working or an institution is successful. The objective of this study is to add to our understanding and store knowledge, but without any particular practical goals.
Qualitative methods are used by the researchers who are interested in providing a richer explanation of a situation. Typically conducted on a smaller scale, where researchers trying to construct a detailed understanding or interpretation of the values, beliefs and opinions of the people or communities they are studying. This study used the descriptive method of research to assess the conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. The purpose of the descriptive method is to present conditions that exist; practices prevail; beliefs, point of views or attitude that are held; processes that are being felt.
Thus, trends are developed. The principle aim in employing this method is to describe the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the causes of particular phenomena. (Polit and Beck, 2008) The researchers had a detailed description of the population by the use of interview, document gathering and observation this is also to find out the type of quality of message found in certain documents in which deals with communication process. Research Setting The research setting of the study was focused in the municipality of Angono-Binangonan in the province of Rizal.
There are (2) respondents were invited to participate in this research and were selected purposively. Research Subject The research subject was composed of (2) respondents that serve as the primary respondents of the study that provided the necessary information regarding the assessment of conservation in Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. Selection of Respondents The respondents were chosen purposively. The researchers used the most appropriate and suitable people as study’s participants. Those who were knowledgeable, expert and in authority whereas to participate in the gathering of data. Research Instruments
The researchers used interview, a type of report to assemble ideas and gather information regarding perception of respondents. The researchers preferred interview in order to avoid unnecessary answers and to obtain the needed information. Interview contains open-ended questions to be able to explain and express subjects answer. Data Gathering Procedure 1. Approval Letter The researchers secured an approval letter stating that the research study is pursuable, before the researchers starting to collect and gather data. The said approval letter was signed by appropriate school authorities. 2. Entry to the Locale
The researchers requested permission from the respondents that will be involved in the implementation of the research. The researchers went to respective offices to conduct an interview and gather significant information that could lead to clarification of assumptions of the researchers. 3. Questionnaire Approval The first draft of the questionnaire for the interview was submitted to the researchers’ adviser and open for critic, comment and suggestions for improvement. Items that did not correspond to the statement of the problem were discarded based on the evaluation and recommendation may by the research coordinator. 4.
Informed Consent According to Polit and Beck (2008) one particularly important procedure for safeguarding participants and protecting their right to self-determination involves obtaining their informed consent. Thus, the researchers secure such in each respondent. The researchers explained the nature, objectives and methods used in research study. The researchers also clarify that the privacy of the participants will be preserved and no information opposing them will be stated and used in the study. 5. Voice Recording The researchers asked permission first to the respondents if the researchers can have a voice recording of the interview.
The researchers stated the purpose of recording, which is to avoid missing of words of respondents’ response during transcribing, to avoid changing of words and to have a strong and strict copy of respondents’ answers. 6. Interview Interview is the easiest way to think as ‘conversations with a purpose’. Interviews normally take place on a one to one base, and can last anywhere from 10 minutes to 2 hours. The most common form of interviews are semi-structured, whereby the interviewer will have a pre-prepared set of questions, and will work through them adding new ones or deleting unnecessary questions as appropriate.
Interviews are highly beneficial for gathering detailed information about people’s values, beliefs, anxieties, and opinions. During interview, the researchers used semi-structured interview. This is a type of self report wherein a guide questions were prepared before the actual contact with the respondents with the use of guide questions, follow-up questions emerged during interview which were used to further elaborate the respondents answer. 7. Observation Observation was made as an added data gathering procedure to enable to have a more detailed look on the Conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. . Transcription After the researchers had the interview, the researchers transcribed the record of the interview without replacing any words from the respondents’ statements. A transcription is a written text of dictated or recorded statements based on a recording tools that processed by transcribing it. 9. Research Paradigm Research Paradigm represents a formulated theme in a figure form. 10. Selecting theme The researchers think patterns or outline in the data that can relate to the study to assess the Conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. 11. Coding
After the formulation of the research paradigm, themes and done with the transcribing, the researchers then had the encoding. In coding, researchers made a table which was divided in three sections. The first column is the significant statements, the second column is the cues and clues while the third column is the themes. And then the researchers looked for the statements of the respondents that are common and related to the theme made. From those statement found, the researchers then analyzed what are the cues and clue that indicate their commonalities; lastly, the researchers placed what theme is related to those themes. CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter consists of presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data. The researchers constructed themes through collecting data from the respondents that shared their perceptions and knowledge about the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. The researchers gathered the significant statements that the respondents answered from the interview. A total of three (3) themes were created by the researchers. THEME 1 HUMAN FIGURE: Conservation Process Human Figures represents the authority of an individual to implement things specifically on the conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs.
The Human Figure symbolizes the National Museum as the premier repository and custodian of the country’s heritage introduces its significant collections, and shares to a wider audience on-line its efforts to protect and conserve the natural and cultural heritage of the Filipino people. It handles all the processes in terms of the conservation of the archeological site. This theme answers how does Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is being conserve in terms of preservation, reconstruction and restoration. OIC / Museum Guide (Mr. Roden T. Santiago) Ahhh sa preservation kasi yun nga mini-maintain lang namin sya. Kung ano yung naunang na implement nung 1996 yun pa rin yung iniimplement namin ngayon. Kasi ang nagiging problema lang naman sa Petroglyphs ngayon is yung mga “termites” or yung “anay”. So, kapag nabahayan ng anay pwede niyang ma-erode yung mismong carvings and engravings kaya minomonitor lang namin yun. Usually, yun lang sa ngayon. Yung mga roots diyan pati mga vegetation, yung mga gumagapang na dahon, yung mga ugat-ugat doon yung mga yun, yun lang naman yung pinoproblema namin ngayon. “In case naman ng reconstruction, so dito nag-aano na naman kami ng facilities, like yan pong view deck na yun, nakita nyo naman na wood siya meron na po yang plan na gagawing na siyang concrete within this year po. ” “Restoration naman po parang similar din sya sa preservation although wala naman kasi kaming kailangan irestore jan dahil nga given na diyan na nakikita diyan, so far, so kung mamemaintain lang namin yung preservation niyan no need na ang restoration pero usually may mga restoration sa facilities pero ang mismong Petroglyphs site halos minimal na. ”
Implications: The above theme shows the statement of the respondent that corresponds to the question number 5. For the OIC/Museum Guide, Mr. Roden T. Santiago that when it comes to preservation, the implementation of the policy is the same from the time it was discovered during 1996. Presently, the only problem that they are facing is the presence of termites may cause eroding and may degrade the carvings or engravings so they just monitor it regularly. In regards to reconstruction, it is more on adding facilities. Just like the view deck. Restoration is very minimal on the engravings itself.
Preservation is already enough and no need to restore at some point. It usually implement to the facilities of the site. With these, the theme implies all the conservation processes that the Archeological department implements. THEME 2 ANIMAL FIGURES: Current Status Animal Figures such as Frogs and Lizards are some of the symbols that can be seen in Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. This represents the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs itself, specifically, the engravings’ current status. The figure of lizards shows how it is being maintained to remain in its original location same as to the lizards that always attach on the walls.
The rock art on the wall should be conserve and not allow eliminating and just fade easily. OIC / Museum Guide “Actually, ang status is the same pa rin naman after ng ano pero ang ginagawa na lang namin sa conservation kasi mini-maintain lang namin mailayo yung bisita sa site. Although, visually makikita na feasible para sa kanila na pwedeng makita. Dun sa study lumalabas na human factor ang malakas makasira sa kanya. Maintenance na lang. ” “Ganun pa rin naman yung mga engravings mula nung 1965 na pinag-aralan. Until now, ang nadagdag lang diyan yung mga vandals wala pa namang nag-fafade mula nung 1965. Ganun pa rin naman ang itchura nya.
Sa 127 na yun hindi Lahat distinctive, may 51 dun na distinctive figure, ibig sabihin ng distinctive yung distinction, makikilala mo talaga kung anong figure siya like kapag sinabi namin human like human like talaga siya minsan makikita mo yung head, yung body, arms and legs. Kita mo naman kapag sinabi naming animal like makikita mo talaga may mga lizard and frog like yung mga ganun. ” “Wala pa naman sa ngayong nakaka-interpret ng meanings ng engravings. Pinag-aaralan pa rin yan, inaassociate lang nila sa mga rituals, mga panalangin at pag-aalay, kasi meron diyang kung titignan human figures yung mga arms and legs naka-flex. Engineer “Ahmm, as of now the future plans in conserving the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is that, we are planning to make the view deck concrete because as you can observe it is made out of wood. Also, if you can noticed the structure of the view deck it is not strong enough to accommodate the large numbers of visitors, dahil na din siguro sa katagalan. Marupok na sya. That’s why we are planning to make it concrete for the safety of the visitors. Well, there still no exact time frame for the execution of this plan. Hoping maybe within this year. ”
Implications: With these respondent’s statements, the theme implies all the current status of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs, particularly, to the engravings’ status. According to OIC/Museum Guide, the status is just the same and the engravings on the rock wall are still the same from the time it was discovered way back on 1965, but the thing that they did in conserving the Petroglyphs is to just keep the visitors away from getting near in the engravings of the Petroglyphs but making sure it is still feasible for them to look and recognize the engravings on the rock wall.
Until now, the only figures that added to the engravings are the different vandals caused by Human. As of now, there are no engravings that are fading. Out of 127 engravings in the rock wall there are only 51 engravings that are distinctive, meaning, you can easily recognize it. Aside from that there are still no interpretations of the symbols of the Petroglyphs. They just associate it to the rituals, prayers and offerings because there are human figures that the arms and legs are in a flex form.
Aside from that, the Engineer stated that as of now the future plans in conserving the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is the plans to make the view deck concrete because it is made out of wood and the structure of the view deck is not strong enough to accommodate the large numbers of visitors due to its many years of existence. That’s why they are planning to make it concrete for the safety of the visitors. But there’s still no exact time frame for the execution of this plan, hoping that maybe within this year. THEME 3 NATURAL PHENOMENA AND HUMAN INTERVENTION
These two factors have a big effect on the changes that may happen to Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. These symbolize by both arrows that trying to penetrate the Petroglyphs. Although, it is always possible to happen, it can still be avoided through proper conservation approach and management. Natural Phenomena and Human Intervention should be anticipated as early as possible before it can interfere and to avoid sudden changes. OIC / Museum Guide “Ang pinaka-threat lang talaga dito is earthquake. ahh isipin nyo kung tutuusin, sabihin na nating na 3000 BC or 500 years sya or ilagay na lang natin sya sa gitna, sabihin na lang natin 1000 BC.
Kapag 1000 BC plus 2000 AD, so, 2000 years old na sya approximately yun na yung average na ganung panahon sya hanggang ngayon nandidiyan pa din sya. Sa weather nag last sya, saka nandidito na ako ng 2 taon, magtatatlo na sabihin na lang natin na for past few years. Lahat ng bagyo dumaan ilang bagyo yan, average of 15, so sa 2 years, 30 na bagyo hindi ko nakita na nabasa yung gitna niyan. Yung mismong ilalim ng rock shelter di nabasa yun, so sa weather naglalast siya, ang pinaka threat lang talaga ay earthquake na pwedeng magsanhi na bumagsak yung engravings.
Wala pa naman sa changes. ” “Ang ginawa kasi ng National Museum ay iniwan yung dalawang manga sa taas. Yung mangga na nasa gitna ng viewdeck, ahh iniwan yun so yung malaking mangga lumalabas don na sya yung wind breaker and sya yung rain breaker kapag umuulan, nasasala na nya kaya hindi na tumutuloy yung basa sa loob. Ang nagyayari drippings na lang ang bumabagsak sa baba kaya nag-lalast siya sa heavy rain. ” “Like yung urbanization, Yung pagkakaroon ng mga kabahayan dito, yung golf course na yun, mga human intervention yan.
Malaki talaga ang effect kasi medyo threat sila kasi nga ang Petroglyphs po ay isang cultural site tapos national cultural treasure or heritage site sya. So, kung masyadong malapit ang mga ganyang facilities medyo may affect yan kasi sa conservation wise, kunwari kung magtatayo ng bahay diyan sa taas syempre pwede niyang masira ito. Kasi may mga rules diyan, may mga laws, mga batas na pumoprotekta pero so far wala pa naman kasi malalayo sila. Itong golf course, environmentalist naman din ang may-ari niyan kasi bawal nga dito mag putol ng mga puno na proprotektahan din ito in a way dun sa mga kabahayan malayo naman sila, so far wala pa naman.
Meron ding effect yung mga tao nakita nyo doon nag-vandalized siya, so, isa pa yan sa mga threat so kaya ng nagawa yung view deck kasi nga ang finding ng World Monument Watch ay ang ano talaga is human factor intervention kasi noon ginawa nila itong picnic site at camping site ng mga CAT Officers at Boys Scouts so dahil wala namang ganyang view deck and security guard na talagang nagbabantay dito so lumalapit yung mga tao. ” “Yan na restrict ang tao nagkaroon ng viewdeck, then nag-put up ng mga man power na mag-babantay. Kasi kahit may viewdeck yan at restriction pag-walang nakakakita diyan pinapasok ng mga tao.
So, nagkaroon ng 24 hours duty security guard tapos naglagay na din po sila ng isang janitor para mamaintain ang cleanliness yan ang mga solution na nilagay nila. Kasi noon yang mga tao hahawakan nila. Adobe yan na napupudpud so pwedeng ma-erode talaga kaya kailangan ihiwalay ang tao. ” Engineer “So to prevent such changes caused by natural phenomena, let say rains that may cause water erosion, we decided to put up a drainage system in the front of the rock shelter. There some rip-rapping at the edge of the cave flooring and also at the lower elevation of it. ”
Implications: The respondents were able to identify most of the causes for the degradation and deterioration of the engravings of the Petroglyphs. OIC/Museum Guide were able to enumerate and elaborate those changes caused by nature and human interventions and the solutions that they implement. It implies that even there are factors that may affect the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs it can still be avoided through proper conservation approach and management. Table 4. 1 Coding SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTS| CUES AND CLUES| THEMES| OIC / Museum Guide“Ahhh sa preservation kasi yun nga mini-maintain lang namin sya.
Kung ano yung naunang na implement nung 1996 yun pa rin yung iniimplement namin ngayon. Kasi ang nagiging problema lang naman sa Petroglyphs ngayon is yung mga “termites” or yung “anay”. So, kapag nabahayan ng anay pwede niyang ma-erode yung mismong carvings and engravings kaya minomonitor lang namin yun. Usually, yun lang sa ngayon. Yung mga roots diyan pati mga vegetation, yung mga gumagapang na dahon, yung mga ugat-ugat doon yung mga yun, yun lang naman yung pinoproblema namin ngayon. ”(“When it comes to preservation, we still implement the same policy from the time it was discovered during 1996.
Nowadays, the only problem that we are facing is the presence of termites that may exist. It is possible that it may cause eroding and may degrade the carvings or engravings so we just monitor it regularly. The roots, some vegetation and vines are also some of the problems that we’re facing in preserving it. ”) “In case naman ng reconstruction, so dito nag-aano na naman kami ng facilities, like yan pong view deck na yun, nakita nyo naman na wood siya meron na po yang plan na gagawing na siyang concrete within this year po. ”(“In case on reconstruction, it is more on adding facilities.
Just like the view deck. As you can see it is made up of wood but there is a plan to make it concrete within this year. ”) “Restoration naman po parang similar din sya sa preservation although wala naman kasi kaming kailangan irestore jan dahil nga given na diyan na nakikita diyan, so far, so kung mamemaintain lang namin yung preservation niyan no need na ang restoration pero usually may mga restoration sa facilities pero ang mismong Petroglyphs site halos minimal na. ”(“Restoration is also the same to preservation, although, there is no need to restore because it is already given.
Restoration is very minimal on the engravings itself. Preservation is already enough and no need to restore at some point. It usually implement to the facilities of the site. ”)| Conservation Processes| Human Figure| OIC / Museum Guide“Actually, ang status is the same pa rin naman after ng ano pero ang ginagawa na lang namin sa conservation kasi mini-maintain lang namin mailayo yung bisita sa site. Although, visually makikita na feasible para sa kanila na pwedeng makita. Dun sa study lumalabas na human factor ang malakas makasira sa kanya. Maintenance na lang. (“Actually, the status is just the same, but the thing that we did in conserving the Petroglyphs is to just keep the visitors away from getting near in the engravings of the Petroglyphs but making sure it is still feasible for them to look and recognize the engravings on the rock wall. Based on the study, human intervention is the primary factor that deteriorates the engravings in the Petroglyphs. ”)“Ganun pa rin naman yung mga engravings mula nung 1965 na pinag-aralan. Until now, ang nadagdag lang diyan yung mga vandals wala pa namang nag-fafade mula nung 1965. Ganun pa rin naman ang itchura nya.
Sa 127 na yun hindi Lahat distinctive, may 51 dun na distinctive figure, ibig sabihin ng distinctive yung distinction, makikilala mo talaga kung anong figure siya like kapag sinabi namin human like human like talaga siya minsan makikita mo yung head, yung body, arms and legs. Kita mo naman kapag sinabi naming animal like makikita mo talaga may mga lizard and frog like yung mga ganun. ”(“The engravings on the rock wall are still the same from the time it was discovered way back on 1965. Until now, the only figures that added to the engravings are the different vandals caused by Human.
As of now, there are no engravings that are fading. Out of 127 engravings in the rock wall there are only 51 engravings that are distinctive, meaning, you can easily recognize it. When we say it is a human figure, it obviously shows the head, body, arms and legs. When we say it is an animal figure, you can easily recognize the figures of lizards and frogs. ”)“Wala pa naman sa ngayong nakaka-interpret ng meanings ng engravings. Pinag-aaralan pa rin yan, inaassociate lang nila sa mga rituals, mga panalangin at pag-aalay, kasi meron diyang kung titignan human figures yung mga arms and legs naka-flex. (“As of now, there are no interpretations of the symbols of the Petroglyphs. It is still on the process of studying and researching. They just associate it to the rituals, prayers and offerings because as you can see, there are human figures that the arms and legs are in a flex form. ”)Engineer“Ahmm, as of now the future plans in conserving the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is that, we are planning to make the view deck concrete because as you can observe it is made out of wood.
Also, if you can noticed the structure of the view deck it is not strong enough to accommodate the large numbers of visitors, dahil na din siguro sa katagalan. Marupok na sya. That’s why we are planning to make it concrete for the safety of the visitors. Well, there still no exact time frame for the execution of this plan. Hoping maybe within this year. ”| Current Status of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs| Animal Figures| OIC / Museum Guide“Ang pinaka-threat lang talaga dito is earthquake. ahh isipin nyo kung tutuusin, sabihin na nating na 3000 BC or 500 years sya or ilagay na lang natin sya sa gitna, sabihin na lang natin 1000 BC.
Kapag 1000 BC plus 2000 AD, so, 2000 years old na sya approximately yun na yung average na ganung panahon sya hanggang ngayon nandidiyan pa din sya. Sa weather nag last sya, saka nandidito na ako ng 2 taon, magtatatlo na sabihin na lang natin na for past few years. Lahat ng bagyo dumaan ilang bagyo yan, average of 15, so sa 2 years, 30 na bagyo hindi ko nakita na nabasa yung gitna niyan. Yung mismong ilalim ng rock shelter di nabasa yun, so sa weather naglalast siya, ang pinaka threat lang talaga ay earthquake na pwedeng magsanhi na bumagsak yung engravings. Wala pa naman sa changes. (“The major factor that may destroy the Petroglyphs is the earthquake that can cause damages to the engravings. Imagine the existence of Petroglyphs is around 3000 BC, let’s just say it is 2000 years old approximately, as of now it is still exist. I have been there for almost 2 years, all typhoons that had been passed for past few years’ average around 30 typhoons. I never observed that the center part of the Petroglyphs had been become wet. It is not affected in terms of weather conditions. ”)“Ang ginawa kasi ng National Museum ay iniwan yung dalawang manga sa taas.
Yung mangga na nasa gitna ng viewdeck, ahh iniwan yun so yung malaking mangga lumalabas don na sya yung wind breaker and sya yung rain breaker kapag umuulan, nasasala na nya kaya hindi na tumutuloy yung basa sa loob. Ang nagyayari drippings na lang ang bumabagsak sa baba kaya nag-lalast siya sa heavy rain. ”(“The National Museum retain the two big mango trees, as you can see from here, the two mango trees in the middle of the view deck serves as the wind and rain breaker during heavy rains. Only the drippings fall on the rock wall that’s why it can lasts even there’s a heavy rain. )“Like yung urbanization, Yung pagkakaroon ng mga kabahayan dito, yung golf course na yun, mga human intervention yan. Malaki talaga ang effect kasi medyo threat sila kasi nga ang Petroglyphs po ay isang cultural site tapos national cultural treasure or heritage site sya. So, kung masyadong malapit ang mga ganyang facilities medyo may affect yan kasi sa conservation wise, kunwari kung magtatayo ng bahay diyan sa taas syempre pwede niyang masira ito. Kasi may mga rules diyan, may mga laws, mga batas na pumoprotekta pero so far wala pa naman kasi malalayo sila. Itong golf ourse, environmentalist naman din ang may-ari niyan kasi bawal nga dito mag putol ng mga puno na proprotektahan din ito in a way dun sa mga kabahayan malayo naman sila, so far wala pa naman. Meron ding effect yung mga tao nakita nyo doon nag-vandalized siya, so, isa pa yan sa mga threat so kaya ng nagawa yung view deck kasi nga ang finding ng World Monument Watch ay ang ano talaga is human factor intervention kasi noon ginawa nila itong picnic site at camping site ng mga CAT Officers at Boys Scouts so dahil wala namang ganyang view deck and security guard na talagang nagbabantay dito so lumalapit yung mga tao. (“Like the urbanization, having houses or residences and golf course near the site of Petroglyphs is an example of human intervention. It is a threat. It has a big effect on the Petroglyphs as being a national cultural treasure or heritage site. If these facilities are near the site, it may affect the conservation wise. Imagine, if there will be residences or houses on the top of the rock wall, it may cause destruction to the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. But ofcourse, there are certain laws regarding the protection of the cultural site.
Also, the golf course’s owner near the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is an environmentalist that has concerns on protecting the ecology. Several years ago, it became a picnic and camping site of CAT Officers and Boy Scouts. Since, there is no view deck and available personnel that will monitor, visitors have the freedom to touch the engravings. People that also visited the Petroglyphs are may also involve in deteriorating it, particularly vandalizing. It is also a threat that’s why the view deck developed. )“Yan na restrict ang tao nagkaroon ng viewdeck, then nag-put up ng mga man power na mag-babantay. Kasi kahit may viewdeck yan at restriction pag-walang nakakakita diyan pinapasok ng mga tao. So, nagkaroon ng 24 hours duty security guard tapos naglagay na din po sila ng isang janitor para mamaintain ang cleanliness yan ang mga solution na nilagay nila. Kasi noon yang mga tao hahawakan nila. Adobe yan na napupudpud so pwedeng ma-erode talaga kaya kailangan ihiwalay ang tao. ”(“The solution put into action is by creating a view deck that will restrict the people from getting near on the engravings.
They also put man powers that will monitor and secure the site 24 hours. Aside from that, they also hire janitor that will maintain the cleanliness of the area. Back then, people are eager to touch the engravings that cause eroding so people are needed to be restricted. ”)Engineer“So to prevent such changes caused by natural phenomena, let say rains that may cause water erosion, we decided to put up a drainage system in the front of the rock shelter. There some rip-raps at the edge of the cave flooring and also at the lower elevation of it. | Changes caused by Natural Phenomena And Human Intervention with the solutions implemented by Archeological Department of National Museum| Natural Phenomena And Human Intervention| CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The summary, conclusion and recommendation of the study are as follows: Summary The researchers came up with the study of “The Conservation of Angono- Binangonan Petroglyphs”. This research study aim to determine how the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is being conserve in terms of preservation, reconstruction and restoration, since it was been discovered way back to 3000 B.
C and still exist nowadays. The researchers found out that there are only few studies that relates on the conservation of archeological or heritage sites. This study will have a potential to contribute for the field of conservation. The research study is significant among Local DOT of Angono-Binangonan, students and future researchers as well. The researchers use qualitative research as the method that sought to answer questions and collective evidences. This study used the descriptive method of research to assess the conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs.
The purpose of the descriptive method is to present conditions that exist; practices prevail; beliefs, point of views or attitude that are held. The respondents were chosen purposively. The researchers used the most appropriate and suitable people as study’s participants, those who were knowledgeable, experts and have the authority. The researchers used interview type of report to assemble ideas and gather information regarding perception of respondents. Interview contains open-ended questions to be able to explain and express subjects answer.
The researchers use voice recording to avoid missing of words of respondents’ response during transcribing and to have a strong and strict copy of respondents’ answers. The respondents shared their knowledge and perception about the conservation of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. The researchers constructed terms through data collection. A total of three (3) themes created by the researchers supported to the researches paradigm. The current status of Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs is just the same.
The engravings on the rock wall are still the same from the time it was discovered way back on 1965. The only figures that added to the engravings are the different vandals caused by human. As of now, there are no engravings that are fading. Out of 127 engravings in the rock wall there are only 51 engravings that are distinctive, meaning, you can easily recognize it. When it comes to preservation, the implementation is not far from the policy implemented when they started conserving the Petroglyphs way back 1996. About the reconstruction, it is more on adding facilities.
Just like the view deck, it is their way of conserving the engravings, it is to just restrict the people from getting near on the engravings of the Petroglyphs but making sure it is still feasible for them to look and recognize the engravings on the rock wall. Based on the study, human intervention is the primary factor that deteriorates the engravings in the Petroglyphs. The view deck is made up of wood but there is a plan to make it concrete within this year for the safety of the visitors since the structure of the view deck is not strong enough to accommodate the large numbers of visitors.
Aside from the human intervention, nature is another factor that has an effect on the changes to Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. Nowadays, the roots, some vegetation, vines and also the presence of termites that may exist are also the problem that they are facing in preserving it. It is possible that it may cause eroding and may degrade the carvings or engravings so the National Museum employee monitors it regularly. They also put man powers that will monitor and secure the site 24 hours. Aside from that, they also hire janitor that will maintain the cleanliness of the area.
So far, National Museum did their part and their advocacy in conserving the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs effectively. Conclusion The researchers conclude that the important factors of archeological site is considerably in historical areas, where the richness of cultural heritage has the ability to motivate the preservation and conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs and through conservation the site will be preserved for the further knowledge of future generations/researchers. The archeological sites posses an environment, what we seen in environment are important factors to maintain the conservation of the site.
When it comes to preservation, the implementation of the policy is the same from the time it was discovered during 1996. Presently, the only problem that they are facing is the presence of termites that may cause eroding and may degrade the carvings or engravings so they just monitor it regularly. In regards to reconstruction, it is more on adding facilities. Just like the view deck. Restoration is very minimal on the engravings itself. Preservation is already enough and no need to restore at some point. It usually implement to the facilities of the site.
The current status of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs, particularly, to the engravings’ status, according to OIC/Museum Guide, It is just the same and the engravings on the rock wall are still the same from the time it was discovered way back on 1965, but the thing that they did in conserving the Petroglyphs is to just keep the visitors away from getting near in the engravings of the Petroglyphs but making sure it is still feasible for them to look and recognize the engravings on the rock wall. Until now, the only figures that added to the engravings are the different vandals caused by humans.
As of now, there are no engravings that are fading. Out of 127 engravings in the rock wall there are only 51 engravings that are distinctive, meaning, you can easily recognize it. Aside from that there are still no interpretations of the symbols of the Petroglyphs. They just associate it to the rituals, prayers and offerings because there are human figures that the arms and legs are in a flex form. The respondents were able to identify most of the causes for the degradation and deterioration of the engravings of the Petroglyphs.
OIC/Museum Guide were able to enumerate and elaborate those changes caused by nature and human interventions and the solutions that they implement. It implies that even there are factors that may affect the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs it can still be avoided through proper conservation approach and management. Recommendation To the future researchers, the researchers recommended that they continue studying the conservation of Petroglyphs. The researchers recommend them to continue gathering information to improve the Conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs.
This study will be a useful tool or reference for people who wish to continue studies concerning about the conservation of some Archeological sites in the Philippines. To the students, the researchers encourage the students to study hard for the near future. The industry will be needing experts that has knowledge to the conservation of an archaeological site. Students will be a big help for the near future particularly for the field of conservation. To the travelers, the researchers recommend travelers to present feedback and suggestions about the area.
These feedbacks and suggestions will help the National Museum identify the needs and problems that should be given urgent solutions and also for the improvement of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. To the local DOT of Angono, the researchers recommend the local DOT of Angono/Binangonan Rizal to continue supporting the Petroglyphs in terms of promoting the Archeological site and to give some financial support. It is also recommend to the Rizal’s Tourism Industry to search for investors who will fund some of the expenses in terms of conserving the archaeological site.
They must also conduct seminars for the local community regarding the protection and conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs for them to be aware on the importance of the archeological and cultural landmark and what is their role on how they can help in protecting and conserving Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. To the Local Community, the researchers recommend the local community to have an involvement/reinforce in the conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs.
Since these people are near on the site, they have the role on how they can help for the protection and conservation of the archeological site. They must be educated on what could be their part on the conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. To the National Museum, the researchers recommend to National Museum to continue their advocacy on the conservation of different archeological sites because it will help the tourism industry fulfill its identity worldwide. Their advocacy is a big help for the advancement and boosting our Tourism Industry.
Aside from the Local DOT of Angono, National Museum must conduct and support seminars for the local community regarding the protection and conservation of the Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs. REFERENCE LIST BOOKS Vinas, Salvador. (2005).
Contemporary Theory Of Conservation. JOURNALS AND NEWSPAPERS Canares, Cathy. (October 19, 1998).
“Erap To Save Angono Rock Art”. Philippine Daily Inquirer Diez, Sandra. (October 15, 1998) “Angono Petroglyphs: Saving An Ancient Cultural Legacy”. People’s Journal. Leyco, Nazarene A. Oct 24, 1998) “Petroglyphs In Angono, A Ruined Cultural Legacy”. Manila Bulletin. Malaya (Nov. 1, 2010).
“Angara To Ask Spanish Aid To Preserve Cultural Treasure”, Malaya Newspaper, b4. Urlanda, Randy V. (June 26, 1998).
“The Angono Petroglyphs Art Exhibit T Circa 1000 BC”. Philippine Panorama. STUDY Abinion, Eng. Orlando V. (1999).
Preservation Of The Angono Petroglyphs Binangonan, Rizal Philippines. Ozawa, M. L. M. (2001).
Heritage Conservation And Local Planning: The Case Of The San Nicolas District Cebu City, Cebu Province.
ELECTRONIC REFERENCES Literature and Environmental. Retrieved from http://literatureconservation. blogspot. com/2011/01/literature-and-environmental. html Matero. Retrieved from http://www. archaeological. org/pdfs/Matero. pdf Newsletter from the Shelves of IGNCA Library. Retrieved from http://www. igncalibrary. com Retrieved from http://www. getty. edu/conservation/publications_resources/teaching/case/index. html http://www. getty. edu/conservation/publications_resources/teaching/ea_nonfabric. pdf
