TOPIC: What forms of intensifications took place in the pacific from 800AD to 1600AD, and why?
The concept of intensifications has been widely used in the pacific, as a period of changes in which human activity had an extension effects on the environment. This was resulted in the growth of population created bigger socities, intensive exploitation of resources caused migrations of people to settle in new environment to have access to new resources. This essay will highlights the forms of intensification from 800AD to 1600AD and the reasons of these intensification,interms of economic,political,social and environmental changes ,that was evidently proven by Archaeologist as they recognized the importance of intensification in the pacific.
There were similar economic changes took place in the pacific. During this period there were over exploitations of resources, Agriculture productivity and settlement patterns. According to smith[2007],”There are remarkable achievements of pacific societies in adapting natural resources such as plant materials and the manipulations of environments to enable survival of human society” . Field[2011],”Intensification is the process of increasing labor expenditure in Agriculture system to increase the level of productivity” . Campbell [2007],”Associated with this new settlements were established in land ” . This had portrayed the facts on the economic form of intensification is not a solely prehistoric phenomenon, but has occurred as a resulted of the increasing population and the complexity of the social organizations. For example, there is over exploitations of reefs and ocean resources, whom people relied less on sea food and more on Agricultures for productivity, terracing of hill sides, constructions of irrigations channels to control water for Agriculture productivity and people settle on the landscape and practice commercial and subsistence farming.Therefore,with those facts it had demonstrated an insights to the economic intensification from 800AD to 1600AD in the pacific.
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Political intensification changes gradually occurred during this period prior to the chiefly system in terms of their jobs,conflicts,forming of alliances and the fortifications they had displayed in the pacific from 800AD to 1600AD.According to Campbell[2007],”Gradually over this period, powerful chiefs took controlled of larger territories and brought larger population under their control” .”They were able to use larger work forces as investing of laborers and organized the population to engaged in war against neighbors” .Therefore, this is one of the form of intensification changes in which, chiefs came into powers tried to organized their people into different groups in participated in societies activity, that happened in Melanesian and parts of Micronesian. This change has occurred due to the new population movement involved the arrival of people from Polynesia and their cumulative effects make certain changes to languages they spoke. For example the role of the great and powerful chief in Vanuatu known as Roimata and the case study of Tonga.Hence,this has shown the chiefly system changes and how they came into powers as a form of political intensification from 800AD to 1600AD in the pacific.
Social changes is a form of intensification that accompanied with the political changes such as,specialist,hieracy and civil wars that occurred in the pacific. Gardner[2003],”Anthropological conceptions of culture realm of meaning marked by arbitrariness” . Campbell[2007] stated that, “As chiefs became more powerful, society became more structured and hierarchical, with different ranks of chiefs” . Societies were divided into different classes and the local people do not have privillage,but were treated as they were the leader”. It portrayed how the people characterized into different positions and their cultures endogenous dynamic that gave the role of an independent variable in the historical process. This has resulted in visible changes that allowed chiefs to divert labor from important activities to prestige and ceremonial activities. For instance, Tonga has influenced on the nearby islands of their traditions of civil wars and the transfer of power to new kingly title. With those social changes it had proven how societies became structured and hierarchical with ranks as a form of intensification from 800AD to 1600AD.
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Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study ...
The environmental intensification changes were changes that occurred on the environment as climate change. This is the period of depressed of human modifications on the environment that resulted in destructions of the environment. According to Smith[2007],”A particular type of landscape used as human expressions or modifications that can resulted in landslides” .”There were also climate change that is the period of warmer and cool weather, volcanic eruptions also had an impacts on the environment and the earthquake and tectonic movements depressed the landscape” .Therefore, this has evidently proved that the environmental changes had a great impacted or influenced on the way the pacific societies developed. This recognized that those environmental changes are the reflections of the interactions between human and their environment as they shared and reflected cultural and social responses to the constrains of the environment. For instance, increasing of population and more activity on the environment in terms of pollution results in global warming. And also volcanic activity can destroyed the landscape and also provided fertile soil for Agriculture productivity.However,this depicted environmental intensification changes from 800AD to 1600AD In the pacific as a form of intensification.
To conclude, research carried out was proven by the Anthropologists that the idea of intensifications in the pacific was due to human expressions and their activities profound more effects on the societies. This has resulted in increasing of population and visible monuments of the past that was found in pacific societies today . This form of intensification was the concepts that distributed in terms of ,economic change, political change, social change and environmental change from 800AD to 1600AD in the pacific.However,it is accurately emerged that the increasing population was the main contributing factor to those changes.
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