When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.ijidonline.com/
Final Abstract Number: 23.001 Session: Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Clinico epidemiologic and molecular characterization of metallo beta lactamases (MBLs) producing nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) 1 2 3 1 1 S. Chatterjee , A. Kumar , K. N. prasad , D. Mathai , A. Manoharan 1 2 Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Amrita Institute of Medical 3 Science, Kochi, India, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India Background: The high prevalence of co-resistance to betalactam, aminoglycoside and quinolone against PSA has necessitated increased use of carbapenems. MBL production among PSA is one of the several mechanisms causing carbapenem resistance (CARB-R) transferable by integrons. We surveyed MBL production among PSA isolates collected via multicentric surveillance study. Methods: During March-September 2009 BMPLIII received 75 consecutively collected PSA causing infections of (skin and soft tissue-48, blood and respiratory tract 11 each, and other sites, 5) from four (50-AIMS,Kochi, 21-SGPGIMS, 2-MGIMS,2-AIIMS,Delhi) Indian Medical centers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer method against ceftazidime (CZD), cefepime(FEP), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), ticarcillin /clavulanic acid (TIM), gentamicin (GEN), amikacin(AK), ciprofloxacin(CIP), imipenem(IMP), meropenem(MEM), aztreonam(ATM) and colistin(CL) was done. MBL was screened by the Combined Disk Diffusion Test (CDDT) method using 0.5M EDTA (930 g) as the inhibitor with IMP, positives (inhibition 7mm) confirmed by IMP+EDTA Etest and PCR (VIM and IMP genes).
The Term Paper on Quit India Movement
The Quit India Movement (Hindi: Bharat Chodo Andolan), or the August Movement (August Kranti) was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi’s call for immediate independence. The All-India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called “an orderly British withdrawal” from India. The call for ...
Results: Of the 75 PSA isolates, 12(16%) were MBL producers. Diabetes mellitus was found to be the major risk factor in PSA infections. Overall resistance to CIP 50.7 %> CZD 37.3% >AK 36 %> FEP 34.7%. Resistance pattern among MBL/NMBL was CZD(91.7%/23.8%), FEP(91.7%/20.6%), TZP(91.7%/15.9%), TIM(100%/27%), GEN(100%/23.8), AK(100%/20.6%), CIP(100%/38.1%), IMP(100%/6.3%), MEM(75%/9.5%), ATM(91.7%/38.1%).
Resistance to IMP and MEM was 22.7% and 21.3% respectively. All isolates were susceptible to CL. MDR (resistant to 2 classes of antimicrobials) was 34(45.3%).Overall 14(18.7%) were CDDT positive. IMP+EDTA Etest and PCR confirmed 12 to be MBL positives. Among the MBL isolates, one was also positive for IMP gene, which on sequencing was confirmed to be IMP 7. Sensitivity and specificity of CDDT was 100% and 96.8% respectively when compared to PCR. History of prior antibiotic usage of aminoglycosides (66.7%), 3rd generation cephalosporins (58.3%), quinolones (58.3%), carbapenems (50%), penicillins (25%), betalactam+betalactamase inhibitors (8.3%) was noted for the patients with MBL infection. Clinical improvement or cure with modification of initial antibiotics was found in 63.6% (7/11) patients with MBL PSA.
PCR for VIM and IMP gene in PSA Conclusion: MBL production is an important mechanism of CARB-R among PSA. Spread should be further minimized by using carbapenems judiciously in the treatment of PSA infections. CDDT is a useful method for screening MBL. VIM type of MBL was seen among all MBL positive isolates.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.ijidonline.com/
The Term Paper on Antibiotic Resistance Respiratory Infection
Horror movies graphically reveal the ravages of killer plagues and flesh-eating bacteria, but behind this Hollywood hype is a story of real immanent danger. Antibiotic resistant strains of staph and strep are putting the lives and health of people at risk. When first discovered, about 75 years ago, antibiotics were touted as a miracle cure, which they literally were. Infections that were fatal ...
Final Abstract Number: 23.002 Session: Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation The resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitals from Greece and Romania and its importance for the therapy of nosocomial infections and infection control practices 1 2 1 1 2 2 L. M. Junie , S. KASTANAKIS , M. Petrascu , C. Bobo , A. Tsouri , P. Karagianni , E. 2 2 2 3 Papadomanolaki , G. Aleuraki , M. Gatzima , I. Varthalitis 1 2 University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca, Romania, St. George General Hospital , 3 Chania, Greece, Infection Control Committee, Chania, Greece Background: One of the most difficult problems in hospitals is the appearance of an increased number of Pseudomonas antibiotic resistant strains. The objective of our study is to describe the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Methods: For isolating Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, the usual nutritive media were used. Identification was made with Vitek2 system (BioMerieux).
The susceptibility to the antibiotics of strains was performed by Kirby Bauer method as recommended by CLSI and Vitek2 system. Were tested 229 strains isolated from urine and surgical wounds, in Cluj Napoca, Romania, and 36 strains isolated from blood samples in Chania, Greece. The majority of the strains (86.1%) were isolated from patients in wards and a percentage of 13.8 from Intensive Care Unit. Results: The strains isolated in Romania from urine showed a high resistance to beta-lactamins, remaining susceptible to Carbenicillin, Carbapenems, Ceftazidime and Cefepime. Over 80% of the strains, were resistant to others of third generation cephalosporins. The strains isolated from blood, presented resistance to Aztreonam (30.43%) and Ceftazidime (13%).
The Term Paper on Nursing in preventing hospital
The aim of this essay is to ascertain what hospital acquired infection entails, the detrimental effects it causes and to highlight the active role nurses can take in the prevention of this type of infection. Hospital acquired (or nosocomial) infection is: ‘one that originated in the hospital environment; i.e. was not present or incubating on admission and which appeared 48h or more after ...
13% were resistant to Imipenem and Meropenem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated strains in Romania, showed resistance to Amikacin (71.4% isolated strains from urine and 29.7% from surgical wounds), and a low resista322nce to Gentamycin (18.6%), Tobramycin (25%).
29.6% were resistant to Colistin. The strains isolated in Chania, showed resistance to Gentamycin (21.4%).
All strains isolated from urine, were resistant to Pefloxacin and a high resistance was detected to Nalidixic acid (75%), Ciprofloxacin (75%) and Ofloxacin (50%).
The strains isolated from surgical wounds, presented a resistance to quinolones, oscillating between 33.1% and 51.9%. The isolated strains from blood showed resistance to Nalidixic acid (38.5%), Pefloxacin (38.5%) and Ciprofloxacin (38.5) Conclusion: Our results could reflect the implication of some hospital multi resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in nosocomial infections. In Greece, a decline in drugs resistance of Pseudomonas strains has been noted. As a fact, it is rather encouraging, and probably we can attribute it to adherence to infection control practices and prudent chemotherapeutic agents use as proposed by Infectious Diseases Control Committee. The majority of the strains was detected in ward patients and owing to reduced morbidity factors compared with patients in ICU, the reduced resistance to antibiotics can be explained.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.ijidonline.com/
Final Abstract Number: 23.003 Session: Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Extended spectrum -lactamase production at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Y. Adu-Sarkodie School of Medical Sciences, KUMASI, Ghana Background: In recent times enterobacteriaceae isolated at the Komfo Anokye TeachingHospital (KATH) have shown significant resistance to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. In 2006, 1832% of all enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine and blood were resistant to the cephalosporins cefuroxime, ceftriaxone , ceftazidime and cefotaxime. These antibiotics are the mainstay for the treatment of severe infections in the hospital. Microbial resistance to these antibiotics if due to the production of Extended spectrum -lactamases (ESBL) may also indicate resistance to the fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and other antibiotics. This limits therapeutic options for the treatment of severe infections. We studied the extent of ESBL production amongst Klebsiella sp and E. Coli at KATH. Methods: ESBL production in 300 non-selected, non-duplicate isolates of Klebesiella sp and E.coli obtained from blood, urine, wounds, and sputum of both in-patients and out-patients was determined by the combined disc method using ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefpodoxime discs singly and in combination with clavulanic acid. Results: 44% and 55% respectively of E.coli and Klebsiella sp ( 57.8% K.pneumo, ) were ESBL producers. ESBL production in the organisms was commoner in in-patients (75.4%) than outpatients (24.6%), though not statistically significant (OR=1.40, 95% CI 0.79-2.46, p=0.31).
The Essay on Antibiotic Resistance Resistant Bacteria
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria: "The more times you use a drug, the more it will decrease the effect it has on you." For about 50 years, antibiotics have been the answer to many bacterial infections. Antibiotics are chemical substances that are secreted by living things. Doctors prescribed these medicines to cure many diseases. During World War II, they treated one of the biggest killers during ...
In general, ESBL producing organisms apart from being resistant to cephalosporins were also resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. They were however susceptible to the carbapenems. Conclusion: The high level of ESBL production found in these enterobacteriaceae with the resultant microbial resistance to available cephalosporins and other agents implies difficulties with the choice of therapeutic options for the treatment of severe infections. Carbapenems are expensive on the Ghanaian market and their use in non-severe infections (as may be suggested by these results) may be inappropriate. Both prescribers and pharmaceutical agents will need to reflect soberly on their contribution to this sordid state of affairs. We need to put an end to our practice of cracking nuts with sledge hammers!
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.ijidonline.com/
Final Abstract Number: 23.004 Session: Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated at a tertiary-care University Hospital (S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy) R. Manfredi University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Background: The increased rate of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli and Enterobacteriaceae is a general concern,especially in the hospital setting.A prospective microbiological monitoring including a continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility rates of all relevant pathogens,is ongoing at our Hospital. Methods: The temporal variations of in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity rates were registered at quarterly intervals for all suitable Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains,during the year 2008.The same pathogen cultured more than once from the same patient within one month,has been considered once. Results: Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (494 strains tested on the whole),the best performance was obtained by the old colistin (colimycin),with a 100% susceptibility rate,followed by piperacillin-tazobactam (73.9-78.6.4% of tested strains),amikacin (71.7-84.5% of tested strains),imipenem (69.9-79.1% of tested strains),ceftazidime (from 68.0 to 82.5% of tested strains),tobramycin (from 63.0 to 76.4% of tested strains).On the other hand,significantly less effective sensitivity profiles were shown by gentamicin (57.5% to 71.3% of tested strains),ciprofloxacin (51.3-68.0% of tested strains),aztreonam (59.5-61.2% of tested strains),ticarcillin-clavulanate (54.2-66.9%),and mezlocillin (45.3-54.2% of tested strains).When examining temporal trends of antibiotic sensitivity figures in the examinewd period (JanuaryDecember 2008), significantly favorable changes were observed only for ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin (p80%) occurred among carbapenemase producers. The expert system showed sensitivity (SN) of 76% and specificity (SP) of 87% for carbapenemase detection, when confronted to the genotype, with the greatest SN for KPCs (82%) and the lower for MBLs (25%).
The Term Paper on Sensitivity Analysis: Patton Fuller Community Hospital
Patton Fuller Community Hospital has been operating since 1975. Besides operating with the goal of keeping patient care their top priority there are other elements that demand the facility’s operations attention. At Patton Fuller Community Hospital there are elements that effect staffing, trend analysis and how that collected data is used forth going, how obtaining comparative data leads to ...
The recognition of suspected carbapenemase producers could be increased with the combined used of IPM and MEM with modified cut-off points of >=2.0mg/L and >=1.0mg/L, respectively (SN 97%, SP 90%).
The Essay on Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria
Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria It is a well-known fact that bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, few people know that their cell walls are quite different. Bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids. At the same time, plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. In the same way, ...
Conclusion: VITEK2 may be suitable in clinical laboratories for Class A carbapenemase detection, but should be accompanied with modifications in the cut-off used for screening of suspected carbapenemase producers to ensure their proper detection.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.ijidonline.com/
Final Abstract Number: 23.021 Session: Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation
Emergence of multidrugresistant gram negative bacilli and enterococci from rectal swabs of newborn and their mothers from Central India 1 2 1 S. Chitnis , V. Chitnis , D. Chitnis 1 2 Choithram Hospital and research center, Indore, India, Medical University of Americas, St James Parish, Saint Kitts and Nevis Background: Newborn babies acquire gut flora mainly from mother and surrounding. We had observed in the faecal samples of newborns prevalence, colonization of multidrug resistant , ESBL pandrug resistant gram negative bacteria, vancomycin resistant enterococci as a new threat in the newborn admitted in hospital.The influx of these bacteria into hospitals has major implications for infection–control and empirical treatment strategies Methods: A total of 140 samples of faeces from neonates and mothers admitted in general maternity ward and ICU of two hospital in central India were examined within 24-48 hours for presence of ESBL, pandrug resistant gram negative bacilli, and vancomycin resistant enterococci. Antibiotic susceptibility test were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and results were interpreted according to CLSI. Van A and ESBL gene was confirmed using E test, PCR and RT PCR. Results: 1. A total of 48 E.coli, 49 Klebsiella, 21 Pseudomonas and 52 Entercocci isolates were obtained. The percentage of multidrug resistant E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and enterococci was 78.79, 66.67, 58.8 and 91.18% respectively. For gram negative bacilli % resistance for chloramphenicol (47%) , cabapenem 58.9% and ampicillin (74.3%) aminoglycosides (70.9%), quinolones (65.8%) and cefoparazone+ sulbactum (58.1%).
piperacillin+tazobactum (69.2%) cotrimoxazole (47%) cephalosporin (71.1%).The prevalence of ESBL gene (TEM and SHV) among E.coli and Klebsiella was 100% and 75% respectively. The pandrug resistant was 18.15% among E.coli and 20.4% among Klebsiella and 1.5% among Pseudomonas Of 52 enterococci, 47.06%. of them were vancomycin resistant strain and harboured van A gene. Enterococci were showing a high level resistance to aminoglycosides (82.35%), ampicillin (82.35%), chloramphenicol (38.24%), teicoplanin (44.12%) and linezolid (8.82%).
Conclusion: We report high rates of colonization with ESBL and pandrug resistant gram negative organism and vancomycin resistant enterococci among faecal samples from newborn admitted in ICU, maternity ward with in 24-48 hours from two hospitals in central India. The colonization is mainly due to antibiotic usage by the mother as well as newborn in ICU. Antibiotics used were cefotaxime, gentamicin amikacin and ciprofloxacin. It poses a great threat to infection control measures and complicates the selection of empirical treatment.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.ijidonline.com/
Final Abstract Number: 23.022 Session: Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Patients with hematological malignancies who are prescribed quinolone prophylaxis postchemotherapy in a hospital with high gram-negative quinolone resistance are at a higher risk for febrile neutropenia 1 2 1 1 1 1 E. Ng , Y. X. Liew , Y. Ding , L. P. Koh , J. Jin , L. Y. Hsu 1 2 National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving chemotherapy. Major prophylactic strategies include granulocyte colony stimulating factor and antibiotics, the most widely used of which are quinolones. While quinolone prophylaxis has been shown to be effective in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is low, this same efficacy has not been proven in areas where resistance is high. We reviewed the efficacy of quinolone prophylaxis in preventing FN in patients with leukemia and lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy at our institute – a tertiary academic medical center where quinolone resistance among aerobic gram-negative bacilli (GNB) exceed 40%. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma who underwent chemotherapy and were at high risk (>5%) of FN at our institute between 1 October 2008 and 30 September 2009. Demographic and clinical characteristics for each episode of chemotherapy were collected, with the main outcome being presence/absence of FN. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyze the data to adjust for serial autocorrelation due to repeat measurements of both outcome and covariates for each patient. Results: There were a total of 510 chemotherapy episodes from 119 patients within the study period, with median number of chemotherapy episodes being 3. Demographic and clinical characteristics – including disease stage – were similar between patients on and off quinolone prophylaxis. Among all patients, those on quinolone prophylaxis were at significantly higher risk for both FN (OR:5.4; 95%CI:3.1-9.4; p
