A Healthy nation is the highest indicator of success of each country in the world. The level of medicine countries proves how much the country has an advantage and dominance among the other countries of the world. Medicine is the key to the political, economic success and one of the main necessities of every human. Each person wants to live in a country with a high level of medicine, where a person can safely entrust their lives and the lives of relatives.
Asian countries, which are members of CIS countries is considered as developing countries, including Kazakhstan. Mostly, the CIS countries were in the USSR countries therefore the system of general medicine did not have differences with each other. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union has made a huge division and differences between onetime union. The United Nations Development Program has explored the Life Expectancy Index of world countries, where the results show that Kazakhstan is on the 124 place out of 176. Being in one of the latest places of the Life Expectancy Index is an inferior figure. The reasons of why Kazakhstan is on the end of the list are: high infant mortality, poor funding of the public health system and the deterioration of the quality of health care.
Obviously, Kazakhstan is doing great steps toward a brighter future. The countries of the Western Hemisphere have a high standard of living that is the cause of the rapid development in general. The government of Kazakhstan should follow this pattern by any means. The exchange program is a decision leading to the development of medicine and political friendship. Moreover, medical universities such as KazNMU (Asfendiyarov University) provide “international cooperation” programs with world universities in order to help students to see and exchange the experience they have had with others. Medical exchange program is a new experience for the country that is why the Kazakhstani goverment has no assumption whether this method is effective? The effectiveness of the medical exchange program is a major investigation of the general study.
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Literature Review
The effectiveness of exchange medical program for improvement of low level medicine in Kazakhstan
The serious national problem of few years in Kazakhstan is the quality of medicine. Asian countries, which are members of CIS countries are considered to be developing countries, including Kazakhstan. The country has inherited from the Soviet Union a health system based on outdated norms and practices, delivered through an oversized network of state health facilities, managed through direct control, and with few incentives for improved efficiency or quality of services. In recent time, research organization such as United Nations Development Program investigates the Life Expectancy Index of world countries, where the results show that Kazakhstan is on the 124 place out of 176. The low medical condition and situation are described why Kazakhstan is in the bottom of the Life Expectancy Index.
Quality of medical care is a major factor in life expectancy. Non developed countries in spite of their financial crisis still are involved for improving access for medicine. Take in example, Cuba is the “3rd World” country and there are no health care problems. There are no private hospitals or clinics as all health services are government-run. The government has offered and is providing totally free medical education of various specialties to poor and minority students from countries all over the world. At the last decades, the Cuban medical schools have graduated more than one million students from Latin America, the Caribbean and African countries. How the problem can be solved in Kazakhstan? One of the possible solutions is the exchange program. Kazakhstan is the Central Asian republic which borders with the north, south and the east countries. It can be a well cohesive alliance for government as the way to develop and involve new countries in medical exchange program. As an example of international cooperation is considered the medical diplomacy between Cuba and Venezuela which consists almost 50 years since the Cuban Revolution was completed. The medical strategy has given an international prestige and the symbolism of political friendship at the same time producing profitable terms for both countries. The key elements of countries’ collaboration have an informal name such as “Oil for Doctors”. The concept includes the exchange of well experienced students, access to the medical scholarship and training for a steady supply of Venezuelan oil. In spite of the critical means of gaining prestige and own profits, Cuba has achieved an economic growth whereas Venezuela has got almost 113 thousand professionals.
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Nowadays, medical universities such as KazNMU (Asfendiyarov University) also provide “international cooperation” programs, which help students to see and exchange the experience they have had with others. Realization of Student exchange program is being implemented in frame of University’s cooperation with Kazakhstan and international partner-Universities. More than 50 students visited Ukraine, Japan, Italy, Turkey, China, and Uzbekistan pursuing academic goals such as how to cope with the low quality of medicine in Kazakhstan. Nowadays, almost more than 60 contracts between foreign countries were agreed to provide the exchange program. An agreement between KazNMU (Asfendiyarov University) and other world medical universities is signed by Department of Public Health of ISM (International School of Medicine).The head of ISM in Kazakhstan is Anar Djumalieva MD, PhD and Associated Professor, works with the group of 21 people has awarded academician and professors degree. The department is responsible for teaching public health to medical students and the supervision of students doing doctorates. The ISM Department suggests courses of multidisciplinary teaching and medical research; it depends on student’s faculty.
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I’ve been in Australia for about 2 months now and I’m still speechless. It’s such a beautiful country! The land, the people, the climate, everything is amazing! I’ve gotten to experience the most remarkable/wonderful things, things I never could have imagined. As you know I went here as an exchange student and I’m living with a wonderful host family in Brisbane. They have been very welcoming and ...
Each student from Asfendiyarov University has the opportunity to study at Lancaster University, enjoying beauty of Western England for at least 2 semesters in courses such as Public Health, Information Activity on Health Protection, Microbiology with Virology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Bioethics. In certain day, the ISM members are joined in one scientific society of epidemiologists, microbiologists and parasitologists, making a world conference between foreign universities in order to share enthusiastic and creative ideas. Another opportunity, is also medical exchange program launched by the Ministry of Education “On training of Specialists with Graduate and Postgraduate Education” KazNMU invited 94 foreign specialists from 48 world universities to read lectures and present their master classes on different medical subjects. KazNMU has set up the goal to share the experience with other Kazakhstani universities after the whole implementation of this program. Results will be concluded by Professor Aykan Akanov, the KazNMU Rector during the closing ceremony of “The University Days». This positive experience can be seen as a first step of long time process of international exchange for students and teachers of different medical faculties, visiting medical universities across the world. In addition, an international program is being expanded in other Asian countries such as Kyrgyzstan. Nowadays, exchange medical program branches on different types.
Rakhima Dzhumasheva is the dean of the General Medicine Faculty in KazNMU says: “The academic mobility is one of the mechanisms of modernization of higher education. Today academic mobility is an integral part of the life of Kazakh National Medical University.” As the evidence of mobility is considered another program is also provided by Asfendiyarov University. It is known, International medical program should be provided not only for medical university students, but also for teachers and researchers for the future modernization of medical system by lecturing at university. Kazakhstani universities are interested in extension of teachers’ collective who are representatives of the highest academic agree. By the way, KIMEP has the highest concentration of teachers with PhDs of the entire CIS. It can be seen as an example of how the international cooperation affects on general education system, reaching the peak of success among economic universities. The program for teachers at KazNMU is called Fulbright program. It was established under the legislation introduced by the US Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946.
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Fulbright’s program awards almost 900 grants to the foreign visiting scholars chosen for academic leadership and merit potential is sponsored by the US Government. Participation in this program will gain an experience in the medical university in the department of pathological anatomy, get acquainted with the system of teaching and methodical work; participate in all the activities which are organized by University department during the academic year. In addition, participation in the Fulbright program gave an opportunity to join other programs of the American Embassy. Be nominated and chosen in the one of the most prestigious programs of academic mobility is given not for all people, who applied for a program. Among 50 people only 6 are able to be nominated in the Fulbright Scholarship. Moreover, Asfendiyarov University has two professors, who has got a chance to participated and be involved in American University’s events by Fulbright program.
In conclusion, international cooperation leads to political, economic and medical prosperity between countries. The solution of Cuban and Venezuelan governments would be an example for Kazakhstan of how the world is needed to be united. Exchange program is definitely effective in sharing of experience, ideas and optimistic plans. It will help to improve the whole educational system in health care standards of treatment. People will be motivated, seeing as others are presented to the world as the representatives from the whole country. Medical workers will evaluate the level on which the quality of Kazakhstani medicine stands. Exchange medical program is a new format and political strategy to future modernization and success.
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Methodology section
Introduction
The method for the study was used from the number of common types of methods for research. The questionnaire with participants of the study was held in Kazakhstan (West and South parts), mostly in the offices of Asfendiyarov University (Almaty).
Respondents were interviewed by the author of the paper itself, however close people to the author were involved in the study as the representatives of additional aid.
This study has addressed only the question of local medical problems, therefore the method of the study had to be clearer to understand for respondents who did not make a special research. The decision in the choice of the theme for this study was inspired by the success of foreign countries in the field of medicine. The author is interested in the development of medicine in Kazakhstan through an exchange program with other countries, and believes that the study is able to change the minds and give a future perspective to Kazakhstani citizens.
Summary
Kazakhstani students from Asfendiyarov University were presented a brief introduction about medical collaboration between Cuba and Latin America, and its success in political and medical world. This information was about the Third World countries came to a mutual agreement to help improve the quality and Life Expectancy Index. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of medical exchange program.
First, questions were asked in the category of general knowledge about medicine and the current level of medicine and the service satisfaction of health requirements. The second category is the questions about medical exchange program and its effectiveness. In addition, people who participated in this program or future participants were interviewed too. The number of people who are “medical exchangers” is much less therefore the interview has taken more time.
Materials
The survey was conducted remotely (via the Internet) and in A4 format as it is the most convenient option for the survey. Moreover there were given forms with additional information about other countries who are representatives of international partnership of exchange program in order to people know the system.
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The materials taken for distribution were taken from credible sources as well as interview with professors from Asfendiyarov University. Moreover, the questionnaire, interview and additional information were in Russian because of the low level of knowledge of English at the University However, future participants of exchange program were able to answer in English, and gladly accepted the questionnaire as the form of practice in the foreign language.
Participants
It was obvious the interview and questionnaire should be conducted with people from the medical environment. The average number of respondents of questionnaire: eight people. In most cases the author of the study dealt with the students of KazNMU. It was initially decided that respondents are only the students and teachers who has reached the high educational achievements at university. KazNMU is the only one medical university in South Kazakhstan, which offers students and medical workers a chance to participate.
Research Duration
The research was conducted between March 18th and March 25th 2013.The time was no limit which gave an opportunity to reflect and give a full answer. However, each participant answered questions for roughly fifteen minutes. The additional forms have taken approximately ten minutes to read and think “pro” or “con”.
Step by step procedures
Questions included two types such as open-choice and self-closed for freedom of speech.
The students were first asked about general knowledge of exchange program. The next step was the distribution of question lists to participants. As all the usual interviews the study was also anonymous. Anonymity gave ease to answer without fear of condemnation from the people, answered honestly as they could.
Questions relates to the future of Kazakhstan in the field of medicine. Does the exchange program have the perspective? Should government increase the number of jobs and opportunities for the exchange program? The main question was about further work abroad or the extension of development of medicine in Kazakhstan.
According to the author’s plan interview should be conducted with a professor of anatomy Aigul Sapargalieva. Unfortunately due to the tight schedule of professor is not able to answer a few questions about the program. Interview plays a major role in the research that allows to get involve much further. If the professor had a spare time, the author asked a few question regarding to the psychological side. Obviously, psychological impact of an unfamiliar environment is a personal issue, but questions were asked within ethics.
At the end of the survey results were collected after 15 minutes and the results were expected. Eventually the data were collected and counted by the author. People were indifferent and pessimistic to this kind of research. Exchange program is not able to change the medical system of treatment, but is able to improve the level of development, step by step.
Data Results and Analysis
Introduction
The original research was conducted in two parts. The survey was conducted on a special way to avoid problems and awkward moments with the students about the possible lack of general knowledge. The hypothesis of the study was based on the fact that students may well have heard about the medical exchange program because of the medical environment. Therefore, the first point faced by the author was expected. Most of the students were aware of what the exchange program is, and its benefit, functions. Unfortunately, Almaty University Students did not know about existence of a special medical program as it applies only in studies of successful students. It seemed that the questions concerning the exchange program were of medium complexity. Furthermore, almost each student has a desire to visit the country with a high Life Expectancy Index and medicine. The problem faced by the author addressed this topic. The author has set a goal to find students who are going to participate in a medical exchange program as the real future plan. However, the students had only a desire.
Interpretation
Each answer of the survey was important as the key to the solution and full discovery of the author’s research. The survey was conducted after the lecture at Asfendiyarov University. The students were tired and had no desire to participate in the study therefore some of the answers were not entirely related to this topic. Unusual, interesting responses were highlighted and collected. Data that included both positive and negative responses were collected and counted in strict accordance with a research question. As stated earlier, the survey consisted of open-ended questions for complete freedom of speech and thoughts. Answers in this category have been difficult in the review and collection.
Results
1. General information about exchange programs
All students answered the question positively in this category. Students were able to respond on questions about program. Moreover the results showed that the level of such programs has increased its turnover and development steps. Kazakhstan has an agreement with almost all countries of the world and provides an opportunity for the development of it. The exchange program has also many benefits for children under 18. Students identified the main problem is the language barrier
2. General information about medical exchange program
After the distribution of forms and read additional information about medical agreement between Cuba and Venezuela were discovered new facts by author. Almost 33 percent (5 respondents) indicated that they have already known about this agreement and its success. Two-thirds of respondents were extremely surprised about the agreement, and it viewed as a political right approach and an example to other countries of how the world is needed to be united. Exchange program is definitely effective in sharing of experience, ideas and optimistic plans. It will help to improve the whole educational system in health care standards of treatment. Moreover the author received a few comments that it could be a right option for Kazakhstan. However, the government of Kazakhstan is implementing this program a little pace. Almost 80 percent of respondents agreed that the Kazakhstani government should increase the number of jobs and opportunities for the medical exchange program not only for students with the high educational achievements, but also for other students as the form of medical practice. The remaining 20 percent of respondents said that this opportunity will not be valued by students, and will not motivate students for success in study.
Despite the fact that students had a general idea of what the exchange program is, only 70 percent of respondents knew that the Asfendiyarov University has a similar program.
3. Effectiveness and perspective
Foreign universities offer several training options. Each participant can stay in another country for one or two semesters. Participants were surveyed on their possible stay in a foreign country. Almost 90 percent of respondents said that the exchange program should endure for one year (two semesters) as the first semester will be spent on familiarization with the different environment and improvement foreign academic language.
Topic regarding the effectiveness of the program was in the form of a closed question. Mostly, the respondents answered this question positively (85 percent) .Students believes that the exchange program will definitely bring the contribution in the future of development of medicine in Kazakhstan. Participants were showed an example of medical exchange program that has touched the international cooperation. As stated earlier, the medical diplomacy between Cuba and Venezuela which consists almost 50 years since the Cuban Revolution was completed. The medical strategy has given an international prestige and the symbolism of political friendship at the same time producing profitable terms for both countries.
As it has been noted by students, international cooperation has a perspective only with the support and interest of Kazakhstani government. At the time of the study and the survey respondents have already known about latest news of the death of Cuban president Hugo Chávez. The participants agreed with the author that with Hugo Chavez, Cuba has a high level of medicine. The example of his political credibility to Venezuelan doctors there was given the situation with a carcinomectomy (removal of cancer).
4. Future work
The purpose of the exchange program is the developing of low-level medicine with the help of medical university students. According to the research 80 percent of respondents (12 people) have no plans to work in Kazakhstan .One of the main reasons is low wages and less quality equipment.
Discussion
The author had the assumption that the answers are predictable. In spite of a negative assessment of Kazakhstani medicine, students of Asfendiyarov University answered on the main question quite optimistically. Students have full awareness of the fact that the level of medicine in Kazakhstan should be higher. The results showed that the effectiveness of the program is great but it needs further development. Students of the medical university are the representatives of today’s youth. This proves that the current generation is not ready to contribute to the development of medicine because of the personal reasons. However, the respondents know that exchange program is definitely effective in sharing of experience, ideas and optimistic plans. It will help to improve the whole educational system in health care standards of treatment. People will be motivated, seeing as others are presented to the world as the representatives from the whole country. Not many students are aware of the existence of the medical program at the Asfendiyarov University. Perhaps it is an indication of a defective development and popularity among students.
Research shows how important is the medicine for Kazakhstani citizens. The United Nations Development Program investigates the Life Expectancy Index of world countries. It shows Kazakhstan is on the 124 place out of 176. Summarizing the responses of research participants result justified author’s expectations. Kazakhstani nation do not aware of the Life Expectancy Index and how the list proves country’s level of life. However, the fact of high level of life is disputed. Cuba is the “3rd World” country and there are no health care problems because of the agreement with Venezuela. The respondents had liked the fact of Cuban decision and were quite interested how the strategy would work in Kazakhstan. However, Kazakhstani government has decided to set another branch of the strategy. The whole research had proved that the effectiveness of medical exchange program exist for medical professionals. Professionals will bring a major contribution to medicine Kazakhstan. The students’ answers show the possibility of the decrease in the number of professionals therefore with the development of medicine the Kazakhstani government should take care of the lives of those who have brought the success.
1) Do you know what the exchange program is?
a) Yes b) No
Give an example of other exchange programs: ____________________________________________________________________________
2) Do you know the purpose of these programs? (Ex: functions, aims and etc.)
a) Yes b) No
After the distribution of additional information
3) How often have you heard about the medical exchange program at the University?
a) More often b) often c) not often d) never heard about it
4) Do you think that the Kazakhstani government should increase the number of vacancies for such kind of program?
a) Yes, I do b) No, I do not c) does not matter
5) What amount of time is sufficient for self-realization in another country?
a) 1 semester b) 2 semesters c) did not think about it
6) Do you believe in the effectiveness of the medical exchange program?
a) Yes, I believe b) No, I do not
If you do not, try to explain, why: _____________________________________________________________________________
7) Does it bring more benefits than losses?
a) Definitely, yes b) definitely, no c) equal number
8) Will the Cuban strategy successful in our country?
a) Yes b) No
Explain, why: _____________________________________________________________________________
9) Are you satisfied with the current level of medicine in Kazakhstan?
a) Yes No)
If you not, what should be improved: _____________________________________________________________________________
10) The purpose of the exchange program is to improve the level of medicine in Kazakhstan. After the completion of the program, where will you planning to work?
a) In Kazakhstan b) in foreign country
11) List of reasons, why: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12) Is the program for Kazakhstani medicine perspective?
a) Definitely, yes b) definitely, No
13) What is the main reason for students of not participating in this program?
Answer: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14) Does the program motivates students to academic success or it has negative effect on students such as the feel of hostile competition?
a) Yes, It motivates b) No. It has more negative effects c) Confused
15) Do you have a desire to participate in this medical exchange program?
a) Yes, I want to take part
b) No, I do not want. If you choose the second one, please give the main reasons why:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for your attention!
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