Role of Nano medicine in anti bacterial therapy and diagnosis against antibiotic resistant bacteria
Adityaa sahay,Neda farooque,Shilpi Srivastava ,Rachna Chaturvedi*
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow 227105, India
Abstract
Nanomedicine an outcome of nanotechnology, refers to extremely specific medical involvement protection and improvement of human health using at the molecular scale for a variety of life threatening disease . Recent methods involved in bacterial diagnostics are incompetent as they lack speed and ultra sensitivity and cannot be performed on site. The invention of new and revolutionary materials through the improvement in production techniques has seen the establishment of an arrival of novel antibacterial therapy and diagnosis. “Ninja polymers” are the close nanostructures that move about rapidly to target infected cells in the body, demolish the harmful content inside without damaging healthy cells in the area, and then vanish by biodegrading. One another approach is that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
Introduction:
Multiple-drug-resistant bacteria cause 16% of all health care-associated infections. Today, as a result of increased use of antibacterial and antibiotic, strains of bacteria have evolved and gotten stronger- we call them superbugs, they are resistant to some common antibiotics and very to handle. Superbugs including CRE bacteria, stubborn methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) & clostridium difficile. So, the bacteria can produce painful and sometimes deadly results for those who come in contact with it. In the United States alone, MRSA kills more than 19,000 people a year. The IBM nanomedicine polymer program “ninja polymers” – sticky nanostructures that move quickly to target infected cells in the body, destroy the harmful content inside without damaging healthy cells in the area, and then disappear by biodegrading.Alternatively, silver nanoparticles have adverse effects on cells such as the production of reactive oxygen species which are toxic to both bacteria and eukaryotic cells . In contrast, the cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles is quite low, and they have been used for medical imaging and have served as scaffolds for drug delivery.
The Essay on Cell Transformation Resistant Gene
Title: Colony Transformation Lab Purpose: To study the behavior of Escherichia coli once it has been introduced to a foreign gene. Hypothesis: If the ampicillin resistant DNA is introduced into the E. coli bacteria, through the uptake of this DNA the bacteria will receive the resistant gene that will permit the bacteria to grow freely in the presence of ampicillin. Experimental Design: By ...
Mechanism Of Work
1.Ninja Polymer
Through the precise tailoring of the ninja polymers, researchers were able to create macromolecules – molecular structures containing a large number of atoms – which combine water solubility, a positive charge, and biodegradability. When mixed with water and heated to normal body temperature, the polymers self-assemble, swelling into a synthetic hydrogel that is easy to manipulate, the hydrogel’s positive charge attracts negatively charged microbial membranes, like stars and planets being pulled into a black hole. However, unlike other antimicrobials that target the internal machinery of bacteria to try to prevent it from replicating, this hydrogel destroys the bacteria by rupturing the bacteria’s membrane, rendering it completely unable to regenerate or spread.The hydrogel is comprised of more than 90 percent water, making it easy to handle and apply to surfaces. It also makes it potentially viable for eventual inclusion in applications like creams or injectable therapeutics for wound healing, implant and catheter coatings, skin infections or even orifice barriers. It is the first-ever to be biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic, potentially making it an ideal tool to combat serious health hazards facing hospital workers, visitors and patients
The Term Paper on Immobilization of Amylase on Magnetic Nanoparticles
Abstract α-amylase was immobilized covalently on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles was done by the coprecipitation conventional method. The chemical composition and particle size of the synthesized particles was confirmed via X-ray diffraction. Tyrosine, Lucien and chitosan and glutaraldehyde were investigated to make a covalent binding between the iron ...
2.Nanoparticles (Ag, Au)
In the present study, scientist constructed spherical silver and gold nanoparticles and then functionalized them with ampicillin and compared the capacity of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to serve as an alternative to silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as a drug delivery system. They found that ampicillin-functionalized AuNP and ampicillin-functionalized AgNP were comparable as bactericides and killed pathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and multiple-drug-resistant bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, and a MRSA.
Conclussion & Future Perspective
Thiol exchange of ampicillin with sodium citrate-capped gold nanoparticles created a new formulation of the resistance-compromised ampicillin, turning it into a potent prospective therapeutic with new characteristics to destroy ampicillin-resistant bacteria.As, Ninja polymers are stills in the lab but IBM goals to see it drug delivery system. In the future, it could be added to hygienic products like toothpaste, deo as a replacement of antibacterial agent and, scientist will in a way to construct new conjugated nanoparticle reagents and determine whether AuNP-AMP and other formulations can prevent biofilm formation on inert substrates and in suitable animal models.
Refrences
1. Allen B, Hedrik J, Coady D. Almaden: IBM research
2. Carlson C, et al. 2008. Unique cellular interaction of silver nanoparticles: J. Phys. Chem. B 112:13608–1361