Maritime transportation in India is managed by the Shipping Corporation of India, a government-
owned company that also manages offshore and other marine transport infrastructure in the
country.operates in practically all areas of shipping business servicing both national and international trades.
The ports are the main centres of trade. In India about 95% of the foreign trade by quantity
and 70% by value takes place through the ports.There are twelve major ports of India: Navi Mumbai, Mumbai,
RAILWAY TRANSPORT OF INDIA
A plan for a rail system in India was first put forward in 1832. The first rail line of the
Indian sub-continent came up near Chintadripet Bridge (presently in Chennai).Rail transport
is a commonly used mode of long-distance transportation in India. Almost all rail operations
in India are handled by a state-owned organisation, Indian Railways or Ministry of Railways.
The rail network traverses the length and breadth of the country, covering a total length
of 64,015 kilometres . It is said to be the 4th largest railway network in
The Term Paper on Tranportation of India
... is transported daily. Indian Railways operate on long distances between cities as well as suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network. Railways in India ... major and 184 medium and minor ports. These major ports handle 95 per cent of India’s foreign trade. ADVANTAGES: 1. It is environment-friendly. ...
the world, transporting over 6 billion passengers and over 350 million tonnes of freight
annually. Its operations cover twenty eight states and three union territories and also
provide limited service to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
It also plans to install a rail system in southern Bhutan. A move to link the railways
of India and Sri Lanka never materialised.
Railways were introduced to India in 1832 and by the time of India’s independence in
1947 they had grown to forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as
one unit—Indian Railways—to form one of the largest networks in the world. The broad gauge
is the majority and original standard gauge in India; more recent networks of metre and
narrow gauge are being replaced by broad gauge under Project Unigauge. The steam
locomotives have been replaced over the year with deisel locomotives
SUBURBAN RAILS – Many cities have their own dedicated suburban networks to cater to commuters.
Currently, suburban networks operate in Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad,
Pune and Lucknow-Kanpur. New Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai have their own metro networks,
namely the New Delhi Metro, the Kolkata Metro,and the Chennai MRTS, with dedicated tracks
mostly laid on a flyover and underground.Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are
mostly electric multiple units.
PRIVATE RAILWAYS –
Though the Indian Railways enjoys a near monopoly in India, few private railways do exist,
usually small sections on private estates, etc. There are also some railway lines owned and
operated by companies for their own purposes, like-sugar mills, collieries, mines, dams, harbours
and ports, etc. The Bombay Port Trust ran BG railway of its own, as does the Madras Port Trust.
The Calcutta Port Commission Railway is a BG railway. The Vishakhapatnam Port Trust has BG and NG railways.
RAILWAY ZONES – Indian Railways is divided into zones, which are further sub-divided into
divisions. The number of zones in Indian Railways has increased to 17. Each zonal railway is made up of a certain number
of divisions,each having a divisional headquarters. There are a total of sixty-seven divisions.The Delhi
The Term Paper on Nepal & India
... port, education and telecom), power sector and tourism industries. Some large Indian investors include, ITC, Dabur India, ... of ICD in Birgunj and extension of railway line from Raxaul to Birgunj has facilitated ... Nepal. A Container Corporation of India-led joint venture is operating the ICD. The RSA was ... signed on 21st October 2011 in New Delhi during the visit Hon’ble Prime Minister of ...
Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC)and it is in no way connected to the
indian railways.
PICTURE CAPTION – The government has spent a lot of money to boost foreign direct investment.
Seen here is a multi billion dollar rail link in central Kashmir, 2nd highest in the world
PICTURE – chennai MRT’s, Delhi metro , Mumbai subarban trains.
AIRWAYS OF INDIA
HoweverIndia had bilateral air services agreements with 93 countries,
Indian Airlines is the major domestic air carrier of the country. It operates to 57 domestic
stations and 17 international stations in 14 countries,
Air India, India’s flag carrier, presently operates a fleet of 159 aircraft and plays a major
role in connecting India with the rest of the world.
Kingfisher Airlines, Air India and Jet Airways are the most popular brands in domestic air
travel in order of their market share.These airlines connect more than 80 cities across
India and also operate overseas routes after the liberalisation of Indian aviation.
SEA PORTS OF INDIA
Maritime transportation in India is managed by the Shipping Corporation of India, a government-
owned company that also manages offshore and other marine transport infrastructure in the
country.operates in practically all areas of shipping business servicing both national and international trades.
The ports are the main centres of trade. In India about 95% of the foreign trade by quantity
and 70% by value takes place through the ports.There are twelve major ports of India: Navi Mumbai, Mumbai,
Kolkata (including Haldia), Paradip, Vishakapatnam, Ennore, Chennai, Tuticorin, Kochi, New
Mangalore, Mormugao and Kandla.Other than these, there are 187 minor and intermediate
ports, 43 of which handle cargo.
Waterways -India has an extensive network of inland
waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The total navigable length is around
14,500 kilometres.Cargo transport in an organised manner is confined to a few waterways in
The Term Paper on British Empire and India
India is located in southern Asia. India borders Pakistan, China, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Pakistan is on the northwest border. China and Nepal are on the northern border. Bangladesh is on the northeastern border. More than half of India is surrounded by the Indian Ocean. Climate, Weather, and Seasons India has one of the most diverse climates in the world. It has monsoons, to very hot weather, all ...
Goa, West Bengal, Assam and Kerala. The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the
statutory authority in charge of the waterways in India. It does the function of building
the necessary infrastructure in these waterways, surveying the economic feasibility of new
projects and also administration and regulation.
DEVELOPMENT
The development of airports is no longer solely under the public sector; instead private
participation is allowed and encouraged. An International green field airport has been
developed in Cochin, Kerala, with contributions from NRIs and loans from financial
institutions. Approval for the reconstruction of four Metro Airports ( Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata
and Chennai) has been given to make them world class. New International airports are to be set
up in Banglore, Hyderabad and Goa with the help of the private sector.