Proper class design in Java is very important. It is important to both the programmer and to the company or individual who uses the program. For the programmer, it is essential in order to keep the class organized and well documented so that revisions can be easily made and so that the code can be followed in an order that is well laid out. This allows the programmer to easily identify the separate parts and understand what each part does even after it has been written for some time without looking at it. For the company or individual who uses the program, good class design is important in order for them to be able to understand what the program is doing and how they can convey to the programmer what additions or changes they would like done to the program. There are many different ideas on class design, some of which will be discussed in this document. Each developer has its own ideas of what good class design is and the programmer must understand exactly what the developer expects in order to meet those demands.
Even though most developers have different specifications for class design, there is usually a common structure for the design as described by Bill Venners in his article about class design. He says that a common structure is the following:
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“1.Specification
2.Design
3.Implementation
4.Integration and test”
(WWW 1)
This common structure is then modified by each individual developer to meet their own specifications for proper class design. Typically in the specification phase, all the concerned parties come together and decide on some common ideas or visions of what the program should do and how it should go about it. For the design phase, typically the programmer begins to plan out how to implement the specifications into a class. This generally includes deciding how many individual programs will make up the class and deciding what libraries will be needed including those that are available in Java and those that need to be created. Also, the programmer lays out a general hierarchy for how the program will function. For the implementation phase, the programmer actually writes out the code for the program including various loops and statements, listing variables, and compiling, all of which are carefully documented. Lastly the Integration and test phase is carried out. This generally includes the concerned parties getting together and testing the interaction of the program with the hardware or other software involved.
As mentioned before, each developer has different ways that they want the program to be created. In an article titled “Draft Java Coding Standard”, the author Doug Lea gives some common documenting outlines, naming conventions, and other coding recommendations. For example he suggests that the programmer should “Begin each file with a comment including:
1. The file name and/or related identifying information including, if applicable, copyright information.
2. A history table listing dates, authors, and summaries of changes.
3. If the file contains more than one class, list the classes, along with a very brief description of each.
4. If the file introduces a principal entry point for a package, briefly describe the rationale for constructing the package.” (WWW 2)
He lists many other documenting outlines including techniques for documenting variables, methods, and other statements created in Java. He also lists guidelines for naming variables, constants, classes, methods, and other parts of the program. The article has other recommendations such as making sure that your import statements are precise and that your declared imports are actually being used so that you minimize the space in which the program can run.
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Although there are many different ideas about the way Java classes should be designed, it is very important to adopt a common structure. This will enable the code to be much more usable and long lasting. Scott W. Ambler brings out this point in his article “Writing Robust Java Code”. He states in his article that “Coding standards for Java are important because they lead to greater consistency within your code and the
code of your teammates. Greater consistency leads to code that is easier to understand, which in turn means it is easier to develop and to maintain. This reduces the overall cost of the applications that you create.” (Ambler p.8).
He brings out the point that your class should be designed in such a way that it can be easily modified so that its usefulness and longevity is increased. He says, “An important goal during development is to ensure that you can transition your work to another developer, or to another team of developers, so that they can continue to maintain and enhance your work without having to invest an unreasonable effort to understand your code.” (Ambler p. 8).
This will enable your work to be modified without having to scrap what you’ve already done and start over from scratch. He also gives other recommendations for good class design in the area of naming. He points out that when assigning names you should not always take the quick way by naming with short names but by naming your variables or other objects with names that relate to the function of that particular object. Combined with good comments, this will make your program and its components easily understood.
The standard of design that you use for your program is not as important as the fact that you actually have some type of structure that conforms to the developer’s requirements so that your program will be effective, easily understood, and able to be easily modified by other programmers.
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