Colombian Independence Movements A series of independence movements had marked most of South America, or “Nueva Granada” in particular during the vast time period of the early 16 th century up until the late 18 th century – early 19 th century. An introduction of the time period which dates back to the late 15 th century, illustrates how the Southern portion of the now Colombia had become a part of the Incan Empire whose central base had been located deep into Peru. Only the enlightened historians and those that have done thorough research of the time period have noted the existence concerning the various Indian tribes that roamed freely throughout portions of the land much before the emergence of the Spaniards into the territory. Beginning in the early 16 th century, we begin to see the arrival of a substantial number of Spaniards throughout several portions of New Granada (Nueva Granada in Spanish).
One must also take into account that Colombia was not the only country in New Granada: o Ecuador o Panama In addition to Colombia, these three counties formed o Venezuela what had been referred to then as New Granada. The first permanent settlement on the European mainland, Darien, had been found and conquered by the Spaniards in 1510.
This had marked the surfacing of the Spaniards across South American lines as many more were to follow. An additional notable conquering had occurred when Pascual de Anda goya had reached the San Juan River in 1522. The term New Granada itself had not been instituted until the actual foundation of the colony in 1538; it had remained as New Granada up until 1861 which was when it was called the United States of Granada as a result of the rewriting of the constitution. Moving ahead in time periods until the early 18 th century, Bogot’a (the present capital of Colombia), became the capital of the new Spanish Viceroyalty of Nueva (New) Granada, which also ruled over Ecuador and Venezuela. While studying the independence movements of Colombia, many historians have also noted that the Indians initially tolerated the influx of the Spaniards but rebelled when the colonists tried to enslave them and take possession of their lands. Almost immediately, a large part of what became Colombia had been conquered by the Spanish, and a number of towns, including Cartagena (founded in 1533), were prospering.
The Essay on Early California
The early explorers who came ashore and saw the naked Indian woman and believed they were the Amazon women of another continent named California. What is the history of California and Arizona? Most people think of the 49ers and the Gold that they found in northern California during the 1800's. The 49ers were not the first of the colonial settlers it was the Spanish with the aid of the Catholic ...
In 1544, the country was incorporated into the viceroyalty of Peru, where it remained until 1739 when it became a part of New Granada (comprising the territories of what are today Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama, as previously stated).
In addition to slavery, the Spanish monopoly over commerce, taxes and duty slowly gave rise to protest, particularly towards the end of the 18 th century. It was during this period that the first stirrings of national autonomy occurred, but it wasn’t until 1819, and the appearance of Venezuelan liberator Simon Bol ” ivar and his army, that independence was achieved. Ten years of perturbed confederation with Venezuela and Ecuador followed in the form of Gran Colombia, until regional differences between the three finally undermined the union.
