“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate” William Shakespeare. Or, shall I compare thee to an airbrushed Vogue supermodel, and completely lose interest? It’s not surprising that in our modern day society we are constantly assaulted by beauty. We see it everyday in magazines, on television, on billboards, everywhere we turn we see beautiful people-almost to the point of sensory overload. In fact, according to Trend Research Institute “in the past two decades divorce rates have risen over sixty-eight percent.” What could account for the possible rise in apparent dissatisfaction with one’s spouse? Interesting enough, a psychological principle known as the contrast effect might be adversely impacting our happiness. The contrast effect is a phenomenon that occurs when one’s perception of the differences of two things is exaggerated depending on the order in which they are presented.
For example, “if you lift a light object and then a heavy object, you will judge the second object heavier than if you had lifted it first or solo” (Levine 41).
Moreover, the contrast effect is impacting people’s happiness by unconsciously forcing them to make comparisons between their mates and the images of people they see in the media. By comparing someone of average looks to someone of extreme beauty, often he or she pales in comparison. Consequently, the person you are with is judged to be less beautiful, or perceived as less attractive and desirable than they normally would be. In effect, our perception of our mate is skewed by psychological sleight of hand. Reed 2 Donn Byrne states, “in studies of judgment a consistent finding is that the judged brightness, loudness, pitch, size, numero sity, etc.
The Essay on Compare/Contrast Shakespeare And Marlowe
Compare/Contrast Shakespeare and Marlowe William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe were both writers of the Elizabethan stage, living in the same town of London, at the same time, and they wrote plays while working with the same people. Their strongest similarity was in their work. They both had an innate ability to write about love, great tragedies, comedies, drama and poetry with a similar ...
, of various target stimuli is a function of the objective attributes of the target and the stimulus context” (368-369).
Therefore, we are effected daily by the contrast effect because it shapes how we view our surroundings and how we judge things. The contrast effect is of extreme importance. “Psychologists Sara Gutierrez, Ph. D. , and Douglas Kendrick, Ph.
D. , both of Arizona State University, demonstrated that the contrast effect operates powerfully in the sphere of person-to-person attraction as well. The contrast effect influences not only our evaluations of strangers but also our views of our mates as well. And it sways self-assessments of attractiveness too” (Levine 41).
Seeing images of beautiful people makes us think there’s a huge field of opportunities available to us. Therefore, by changing our sense of possible opportunities, the contrast effect forces us to believe that we could always do better, in effect, keeping us continually unsatisfied. “All you have to do is turn on the TV or look at the covers of magazines in the supermarket checkout line to be convinced there are any number of incredibly beautiful women available” (Levine 42)… “It is a truism that people respond to the world as they see it, not to the world as it really is. The discrepancy between the two is often large enough to make the distinction very important” (Cook 148).
So the women that men view in their realm of possibilities are often not a reality for them.
So, this leads to many men staying home alone with their fantasies of supermodels in their heads-making them unable to love real women. Moreover, “under a constant barrage of media images of beautiful women, these Reed 3 guys have an expectation of attractiveness that is unusually high-and that makes the real people around them, in whom they might really be interested, seem lackluster, even if they are quite good-looking” (Levine 42).
The Essay on A Woman’s Beauty
In reading Susan Sontag’s “A Woman’s Beauty”, she explains that women think they have an obligation to be beautiful and that they consider how they look more important than who they are. Sontag also adds that women are sometimes obsessed with their outer beauty that they lose sight of their inner beauty. Fashion and the Media both have taken outer beauty way too far for ...
In contrast, “if his options for other relations are few (or his “comparison level for alternatives” is low), he may well be attracted to the norm” (Centers 119).
This has led Guido Caldarelli, Ph. D. , and Andrea Capucci, Ph.
D. , to introduce a new variable into their mating equations. The variable is what they call the “Vogue factor”-a measure of the influence of beauty present in media on relationships. They found that they more individuals were exposed to the “Vogue factor” the greater people were dissatisfied with their sexual partners. We desire to have the most beautiful, and if we cannot attain it we become unhappy with our partner possibilities. “All evidence indicates that we are wired to respond to beauty.
Its more than a matter of mere aesthetics; beauty is nature’s shorthand for healthy and fertile, for reproductive capacity, a visible cue that a woman has the kind of prime partner potential that will bestow good genes on future generations” (Levine 44).
The contrast effect has other negative social effects. Sociologist Satoshi Kanazawa, Ph. D. argues, “most real-life divorces happen because one or the other spouse is dissatisfied with their mate. The contrast effect can explain why men might unconsciously become dissatisfied.
They don’t know why they suddenly find their middle-aged wives not appealing anymore; their exposure to young women might be a reason.” Moreover, the contrast effect might be negatively impacting our society. By comparing people to media created images of perfection, our perception of reality Reed 4 becomes highly distorted. We lose the ability to perceive people and objects as they really are, and instead, compare them to how they should be. Our perception of the comparison pool is drastically changed and in this context our views of others and ourselves becomes negatively impacted.
In other words, beauty could be making us miserable. It’s a rather shocking idea, however when you look at the rising statistics of women with eating disorders, and the climbing numbers of women getting plastic surgery you have to wonder what are the negative affects of the proliferation of beauty? Do magazines like Cosmopolitan, GQ, Maxim, and Vogue really make us miserable? Only time will tell. Works Consulted Byrne, Donn. The Attraction Paradigm.
The Essay on Starbucks about us.New York:Oxford university Press
Starbucks is a coffee company, which began in 1971. The name starbucks is derived from two English words;star and bucks which literally mean a star shining in terms of profit. The company is indeed a star that shines over its competitor. Since it was started the company have continued to offers one of the highest quality of Arabica coffee in the world. Today the company has over 160000 stores in ...
New York: Academic Press, 1971. Centers, Richard. Sexual Attraction and Love: An Instrumental Theory. Springfield: Banner stone House, 1975. Cook, Mark. The Basis of Human Sexual Attraction.
New York: Academic Press, 1981. Jackson, Linda A. Physical Appearance and Gender. New York: New York Press, 1992. Levine, Michael. Why I hate Beauty.
Psychology Today Magazine, August 2001. Myers, David G. Social Psychology 6 th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Publications, 1999. Pepper, Timothy. Sex Signals: The Biology of Love.
Philadelphia: Isi Press, 1985.
