History Essay
Word Count: 960
In the south of America during the racist 30-50’s, racism, segregation and white supremacy were prevalent and largely accepted in society. As these discriminatory beliefs were so embedded in the culture at the time, it was extremely difficult for the repressed African Americans to overcome them, and this process took time and many different methods. Using mostly peaceful protests and the power of numbers, African Americans were ultimately successful in shifting the culture at the time to accept people of all races.
The nature of the discrimination during this time was that racism and segregation was extremely embedded in the culture. The Jim Crow Laws made segregation between black and white people legal and socially acceptable. The ‘separate but equal’ principle that was followed at the time meant that coloured people could not share the same public areas as white people, could not attend the same schools and churches and could not even sit at the front section of bus. Whilst in principle the ‘separate but equal’ ideology should have been less unjust, it often resulted in coloured people having inferior facilities and fewer opportunities to white people. As said by U.S. president Barak Obama, it was a time in which “there were couples in love who couldn’t marry. Soldiers who fought for freedom abroad but couldn’t find any at home.”
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As this segregation was so deeply embedded into the culture and society of America at the time, and this made any efforts to overcome the racism extremely difficult.
In addition to this, the racial segregation in America at the time was also extremely intense, with organisations like the Ku Klux Klan committing terrible crimes in order to keep the coloured population ‘in their place’. This illegal organisation has thousands of followers and over the course of their terror, murdered thousands of Afro-American citizens. Black citizens that rebelled against white supremacy, who were said to have committed a crime and even white citizens that supported equal rights were all targeted, often without the perpetrators facing court. The Ku Klux Klan often carried out ‘lynchings’ in which they would brutally murder people who were said to have rebelled against the Jim Crow Laws. They burned down black facilities such as schools and churches in order to cause fear. Their actions often did spark fear in the population, and for many years this quelled any sort of protest or rebellion. What did not help was the fact that the Ku Klux Klan was often extremely embedded in communities, with corrupt officials and police officers often being a member of the Klan themselves, or simply overlooking the crimes they committed.
The Afro-Americans methods of overcoming discrimination were slow but ultimately successful, largely due to their lack of violence and long – term persistence. They were also so successful due to the fact that in many cases, they joined together as a community to try and end discrimination, making them much more powerful then they would have been individually. In the legal case named ‘Brown vs. The board of education’, the segregation between blacks and whites in public schools was peacefully and legally brought to an end. In the Montgomery bus boycott, the Afro-American society monopolised on the bus industry’s dependence on their business to end the segregation on public buses. Many people risked their freedom and even their lives in the hope of one day changing the American Culture so that their children could have a better life and greater opportunities. They were peaceful and kind in the face of violence and injustice, and their patience and self sacrifice helped pave the way for an America in which any sort of discrimination is illegal.
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Whilst the success of the coloured people at overcoming discrimination was largely due to their patience and power in numbers, there are many individuals who are credited with leading the way. These certain individuals inspired thousands of once afraid African Americans to speak up, and to have the courage to try and make a difference. Rosa Parks made history when she let herself be arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white citizen. What followed this small act of defiance was the Montgomery bus boycott, which ended racial segregation on public transport. Whilst Rosa may not have been able to achieve this huge feat on her own, her small act has been credited with inspiring the coloured population to take a stand and instigating the protests that made history. Likewise is Martin Luther King, who delivered the iconic March On Washington speech in which he spoke of an America in which ‘the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood’ and in which his children ‘will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character’. As said by Barak Obama, this speech ‘gave mighty voice to the quiet voice of millions’ and ‘awakened America’s long slumbering conscience’. These individuals would not have been able to change the legislation of America on their own, however their words and acts inspired millions and lit the flame of change at the time.
In conclusion, I believe that the African-Americans were extremely successful in overcoming the oppression they faced. Whilst progress was slow and hard fought for, they responded to the discrimination peacefully and ethically, and were still ultimately successful. As said by Barak Obama, “they had every reason to lash out in anger, or to resign themselves to a bitter fate”, and I believe that their peaceful methods and selfless sacrifice in the face of violence and hatred are an example that should be followed all over the world.
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