Mao Zedong Sex: Male Pronunciation: [mow dzuhdoong] History: also spelled Mao Tse-tung Life: (1893-1976) Leader and leading theorist of the Chinese communist revolution, born in the village of Shao shan, Hunan Province, China, the son of a farmer. He graduated from Changsha teachers’ training college, then worked at Beijing University, where he was influenced by Chen Du xiu and Li Da zhao. He took a leading part in the May Fourth Movement, becoming a Marxist and a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (1921).
During the first united front with the Guomindang (Nationalist Party), he concentrated on political work among the peasants of his native province, and advocated a rural revolution, creating a soviet in Jiangxi province in 1928.
After the break with the Guomindang in 1927, the Communists were driven from the cities, and with the assistance first of Zhu De, later of Lin Biao, he evolved the guerrilla tactics of ‘people’s war’. In 1934 the Guomindang was at last able to destroy the Jiangxi Soviet, and in the subsequent Long March the Communist forces retreated to Shanxi to set up a new base. This established Mao’s supremacy in the Party. When in 1936, under the increasing threat of Japanese invasion, the Guomindang renewed their alliance with the Communists, Mao restored and vastly increased the political and military power of his Party.
His claim to share in the government led to civil war; the regime of Jiang Jie shi was ousted from the Chinese mainland; and the new People’s Republic of China was proclaimed (1949) with Mao as both Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and President of the Republic. He followed the Soviet model of economic development and social change until 1958, then broke with the USSR and launched his Great Leap Forward, which encouraged the establishment of rural industry and the use of surplus rural labour to creat a new infrastructure for agriculture. The failure of the Great Leap lost him most of his influence, but by 1966, with China’s armed forces securely in the hands of his ally Lin Biao, he launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, and the Great Leap strategy was revived (with caution) when the left wing was victorious in the ensuing political struggles (1966-71).
The Term Paper on IB: Chinese Communist Party Victory in Chinese Civil War
IB Extended Essay: Why was the Chinese Communist Party able to achieve victory over the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War?Word Count: 4067AbstractThe Chinese Civil War, which took place from the end of World War II up to October 1, 1949, directly led to the creation of the People's Republic of China, the world's most populous communist nation. The purpose of this essay is to explain why the ...
He died after a prolonged illness, which may have weakened his judgment. A strong reaction then set in against ‘cult of personality’ and the excessive collectivism and egalitarianism which had emerged during his time in power.
A political, military, social, and economic essayist, he was also a significant minor poet. Kim Il-sung Sex: Male Pronunciation: [kim il sung] History: originally Kim Song-ju Life: (1912-94) North Korean soldier, statesman, prime minister (1948-72), and president (1972-94), born near Pyongyang, Korea. He founded the Korean People’s Revolutionary Army in 1932, and led a long struggle against the Japanese. He proclaimed the Republic in 1948, and became effective head of state. He was re-elected president in 1982 and 1986, established a unique personality cult wedded to an isolationist, Stalinist political-economic system, and named his son, Kim Jong-Il (1942-), as his successor.
Roh Tae-Woo Pronunciation: [roh tay woo] Life: (1932-) South Korean statesman and president (198892), born in Sin yong, Kyongsang, South Korea. He studied at the Korean Military Academy (19515), became commanding general of the Capital Security Command in 1979, and helped General Chun seize power in the coup of 197980. Retiring from the army in 1981, he became minister for national security and foreign affairs (19812), and minister for home affairs (from 1982).
The Essay on Becoming President: Natural-Born Citizens Only or All Citizens?
Article II, Section I of the Constitution states, “No person except a natural-born citizen, or citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of president.” This means, according to the 2000 census, that roughly ten percent of the population of Americans are ineligible to run for president, as they are naturalized citizens, not ...
Elected chairman of the ruling Democratic Justice Party (1985), his political reforms helped restore democracy to the country, and he was elected president despite allegations of fraud and rigged voting. In 1996 he was found guilty of treason and corruption, and imprisoned; but released in 1997. Nehru, Jawaharlal Sex: Male Pronunciation: [naidoo] History: known as Pandit (‘Teacher’) Nehru Life: (1889-1964) Indian statesman and prime minister (1947-64), born in Allahabad, India, the son of Moti lal Nehru.
He studied at Cambridge, became a lawyer, and served in the Allahabad High Court. He joined the Indian Congress Committee (1918), was influenced by Gandhi, and was imprisoned several times by the British. In 1929 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress. He became India’s first prime minister and minister of external affairs (1947), and followed a policy of neutrality during the Cold War. He introduced a policy of industrialization, reorganized the states on a linguistic basis, and brought the dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir to a peaceful solution. Gandhi, Indira (Priyadarshini) Sex: Female Pronunciation: [grandee] Life: (1917-84) Indian stateswoman and prime minister (1966-77, 1980-4), born in Allahabad, India, the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru.
She studied at Visa-Bharati University (Bengal) and Oxford, and in 1942 married Froze Gandhi (d. 1960).
She became president of the Indian Congress Party (1959-60), minister of information (1964), and prime minister following the death of Shastri. After her conviction for election malpractices, she declared a state of emergency (1975-7), and was premier again in 1980. She achieved a considerable reputation through her work as a leader of the developing nations, but was unable to stem sectarian violence at home. She was assassinated in New Delhi by Sikh extremist members of her bodyguard.
Ho Chi-Minh Sex: Male Pronunciation: [hoh chee min] History: originally Nguyen That Thanh Life: (1892-1969) Vietnamese statesman, prime minister (1954-5), and president (1954-69), born in Kim-Lien, North Vietnam. From 1912 he visited London and the USA, and lived in France from 1918, where he was a founder member of the Communist Party. From 1922 he was often in Moscow. He led the Viet Minh independence movement in 1941, and directed the successful military operations against the French (1946-54), becoming President of North Vietnam. He was a leading force in the war between North and South Vietnam during the 1960 s. Marcos, Ferdinand (Edr alin) Sex: Male Pronunciation: [mah (r) kos] Life: (1917-89) Philippines statesman and president (1965-86), born in Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
The Essay on The Life of a President vs. The Life of a Homeless Person
You ever tired comparing The President to a Homeless Person People may say that the President and a homeless person are not alike. The President and homeless person are alike in many ways. Both have decisions to make, both have stress in their lives, and both do a lot of traveling but not by choice. Decision making is something we all have to do. People may think being the President is great. The ...
He trained as a lawyer, and as a politician obtained considerable US support as an anti-Communist. His regime as president was marked by increasing repression, misuse of foreign financial aid, and political murders (notably the assassination of Benigno Aquino in 1983).
He declared martial law in 1972, but was overthrown in 1986 by a popular front led by Corazon Aquino. He went into exile in Hawaii, where he, and his wife Imelda (1930-), fought against demands from US courts investigating charges of financial mismanagement and corruption. His body was returned to the Philippines for burial in 1993, and soon afterwards Imelda was convicted of corruption and sentenced to 18 years imprisonment. brown, henry “Important People of The World” ll.
