Throughout Great Britains history there has been many hills for the British society to climb. One of the most influential periods of time during the life of Great Britain is the Industrialization and Urbanization era occurring between 1760-1830. During this period of time, Britain went through many changes with machines used in factories, and in manufacturing or distributing goods. These new advances in machinery made industry faster and more efficient. This led to advancements in railroad, a large growth in urbanization, and change the style of work in and throughout Britain. The birth of this industrialization also created a divide between the urban settings and Industrialization in Great Britain started in the mid to late 18th century and the Innovations in cotton textile production(pugh, 5) got the industrial ball rolling. The book, Britain Since 1789, describes how industrialization effected Great Britains economy with large rises throughout the cotton textiles, cotton, and iron .
The text showed that there were significant increases in each of these industries during as little as a decade. These industries shaped the British economy and Cotton was rewarded with leading the way by being the first product to respond to the stimulus of a mass market(pugh, 29).
In 1765 the invention of Spinning Jenny made it possible for a person to control eight spindles at once. This was a faster more efficient way to spin cotton and opened the market for cotton distribution. Soon after the Spinning Jenny was constructed there were two more inventions that improved the time and results of producing cotton. The Arkwrights Water Frame spun cotton along with Spinning Jenny, but Arkwrights energy came from non-human source of power.
The Essay on Cotton Mathers Pilgrims Puritans Time
The Colonization Era was a time of new beginnings and the birth of many cultures into one new society (Lovelace 74). The first inhabitants were of European decent, seeking to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims and Puritans came over to America with the desire for religious freedom. The Pilgrims had left the Anglican Church, seeing at as hopelessly corrupt. The Puritans had many of the same ...
Arkwright used sources such as horses, water, and steam. The third invention in the cotton industry was Cromptons Mule. This combined the quality product of the Spinning Jenny with the great strength of the Water Frames thread. With these advances looms fell behind in production until 1785 when Cartwrights loom was constructed. This made it possible for one man and a boy to operate four looms at a time. As Pugh shows the number of looms rose from 2400 in 1813 to 250,000 in 1830. Cotton textiles were such an asset to British economy that in 1815 it generated forty percent of all British exports.
Great Britain being the first country to experience an industrial revolution was arguably ready for this change. James Walvin writes in English Urban Life, that England was very much ready for the change in industry and he is not sure why this did not come about sooner. He noted that the scientific revolution of the late 17th century and the European knowledge of the outer world was quite adequate for the industrial revolution to take place in the early 18th century With the rise of industry in the 18th century there was a dramatic fall in agriculture. Before the industrial revolution, farming and agriculture were huge assets to the British economy. Unfortunately this industry fell with the new innovations in Great Britain and jobs were becoming more commonly found in factories. In 1700 agriculture employed 45-50% of the total labor force in Great Britain, while in 1800 the number plummeted to 35% (pugh 4).
On the other hand it was not hard for a person to begin work in a factory or as Walvin would put it there are no major obstacles to the transfer of men from non-industrial to industrial pursuits (walvin 38).
The relationship between industrialization and urbanization is cause and effect. The advances in industrialization led to the mass urbanization in major cities or towns where these factories were located. The masses of people in these cities led to poor living conditions for most of the factory workers. Industrialization constantly created more jobs for the British and with a rise in population and marriage becoming more popular the demand for cheaper houses was tremendous. Builders were forced to build with inexpensive supplys to keep their profits up. The housing standards were lowered and there were many negative effects with cheaper materials and labor.
The Term Paper on The Industrial Revolution 8
... how horrible living conditions were in the early industrial cities. Most of these changes were made in France and Britain and here ... methods of production. Yes. Great! But all this had another ... might think. This is great. Yes many inventions, expansions, advances in science and technology, revolution in transportation, and new ...
The negative effects consisted of a lack of water supplies and drainage which in turn cause diseases like typhoid and cholera. These lowered housing standards were a result of a few decades of uncontrollable The urbanization of Great Britain consisted of an enormous growth in population. There are conflicting storys about wether or not urbanization was an improvement for working-class citizens. The old assumption that there was a decrease in living conditions for the working-class was, Based on contemporary accounts of hardship and agitations (pugh 33).
The prior belief was that houses these workers lived in were jam packed containing unhealthy amounts of people. Also the cities lack of yards and landscaping led to much pollution in and around the cities. There was a definite deficiency of self pride for ones living area and community.
The cities kept proceeding to get worse until finally in 1850 there was a Systematic Sanitary Reform which in turn dealt with the problems of drainage, water supply, Now this statement about the lack of drainage and water supply is all true. What was not specified until the 20th century is the fact that the over all living conditions were an improvement in the lifestyle of the working class. Pugh states how it would be hard to research the living standards of the working class with such with little statistical evidence, varied regions of Great Britain, and the non-consistent pattern of living standards over time. Present historians have however found enough evidence to assume the living conditions during parts of British urbanization were an improvement to their prior housing. The birth of this industrialization also created a divide between the urban settings and the rural countryside. Before the industrial revolution Great Britain had been a mostly rural setting filled with agriculture and farming. Britains industrial revolution started the growth of many major towns and cities and moved society more towards an urban setting. A majority of industry tended to take place in the southern half of Great Britain whereas the northern half stayed mostly rural.
The Essay on Pro Britain Colonists Colonies British
Pro-Britain The British established colonies along the Atlantic coast in New England by the end of the 17 th century. After a long series of wars with the French, Britain was in a financial bind. The pressing issue of taxing the colonists arose from this situation. Should the colonists be required to pay taxes to Britain? In my opinion, the answer to that question is yes. Britain founded the ...
The separation of the Country came with constantly slumping percentages in agriculture and rising numbers in factories. However the decreasing numbers never totally depleted because of the need for the harvest of cotton, food, and grain. The percentages shrank because a large number of farm laborers went to work in factories and the number of actual farms were reduced with the Great Britain was the first country to experience a mass revolution in industry. This came with many positive and negative contributions to British society, the largest being urbanization. The split in urban and rural settings was meant to take place and what better time for it to happen then during the industrial revolution. The industrialization era of Britains history is one that had the most impact on its society. This brought about jobs better living and eventually a new government and religions.
The last contribution industrialization had on Great Britain happened after the 1830, it was the British push towards better transportation. During the 1830s and 1840s Britain made huge strides to strengthen the countries rail roads. This in turn reshaped the face of the country for years to come. Urbanization was just another tool for the advancement of British communities to broaden their intelligence, proceed with technology and become a more efficient country and or economy.
Bibliography:
lecture notes of “modern british civilization”.
