Exp # 1 Title: Inertia and Car accidents. Aim: To find out how inertia plays a part in accidents. Materials: 1. Wooden ramp, approx 1. 5 m long and 30 cm wide. 2.
Bricks or wooden blocks 3. 2 dynamics, trolleys or toy cars 4. Plasticine 5. metre rule Method: 1. Two plasticine dummies weighing 20 g each were made and placed on the trolleys. 2.
Trolley B was placed 30-40 cm in front of the ramp. 3. Trolley A was placed 100 cm from the end of the ramp. Directly in line with the other trolley. 4. Trolley A was released and was let to collide into Trolley B, observations were made on what happened to the dummies.
5. The experiment was repeated twice making sure everything was in the same place. Results: Refer to table 1. Questions: 1. What happened to the dummy on trolley A during the collision? Did it move during the collision? Did it move forward, backward, or stay in the same place? The Dummy on Trolley A fell forward during the collision, as the gradient increased, the dummy fell further forward. 2.
The conclusion I have drawn from the evidence suggests that the steeper the gradient, the greater the impact. The harder the impact is the further the dummy will move, due to inertia. 3. a) What Happens to passengers in a moving car when it collides with a stationary car? The passengers in the moving car fly forward when the collides with a stationary car because of inertia which is the property of a body by which it remains at rest or continues moving in a straight line unless acted upon by a directional force. b) What design features do cars have to reduce the risk of injury during this type of collision? Car designers have created features such as: – airbags to prevent the driver from hitting his / her head on the dashboard. – Crumple zones, to prevent the car from folding or collapsing on the drivers and passengers.
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– Headrests so when the drivers head flicks back, the neck and spine is not injured 4. What happened to the dummy on trolley B? explain why this happened. Trolley B fell backward. Trolley B was stationary and wants to stay at rest but when it is hit from behind, the dummy resists, but the trolley underneath moves forward, causing the dummy to fall off backward. 5 a) What happens to the passengers in a stationary car when its get hit from behind? When a car gets hit from behind, the passengers suffer from whiplash which is an injury to the muscles, ligaments, vertebrae, or nerves of the neck caused when the head is suddenly thrown forward and then sharply back. b) What design features do cars have to reduce the risk of injury during this type of collision? Volvo has patented a new safety feature for whiplash, when you are hit from behind, the seat immediately reclines, so when you jolt backward, you jolt into a vertical position, preventing injury to the spine.
Discussion: From the results recorded, our group found the faster trolleys were travelling the more damage it caused, when there was one brick the dummy on trolley A fell forward and the dummy on trolley B fell backward. When 3 bricks were in place the dummy on trolley A fell forward off the trolley. The dummy on trolley B fell backward off the trolley. I would like to observe what would happen if the trolleys had crumple zones and seat belts. I felt the main problem was the lack of space, to improve this, the experiment should be done in an outdoor environment. Conclusion: In Conclusion we successfully found out what happens when trolleys and dummies are used to create accidents.
We found out how inertia works in car accidents.
